IT项目管理概述(第一章)课件.ppt

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1、Chapter 1:Introduction to Project ManagementChapter 1:Introduction to Project ManagementIntroductionWhat Is a Project?What is Project Management?The Role of the Project Manager3IntroductionProject Management StatisticsIn 2011,the total compensation for the average senior project manager in the U.S.d

2、ollars was$10,5000 per year in the United States,$139,437 in Australia,and$160,409 in the Switzerland,$23,207 in China.The number of people earning their Project Management Professional(PMP)certification continues to increase each year.The U.S.spends$2.3 trillion on projects every year,or one-quarte

3、r its gross domestic product,and the world as a whole spends nearly$10 trillion of its$40.7 trillion gross product on projects of all kinds.More than 16 million people regard project management as their profession.4Motivation for Studying IT Project ManagementIT projects have a terrible track record

4、.A 1995 Standish Group study(CHAOS)found that only 16.2 percent of IT projects were successful in meeting scope,time,and cost goals.Over 31 percent of IT projects were canceled before completion,costing over$81 billion in the U.S.alone.5Advantages of Using Formal Project ManagementMany organizations

5、 claim that using project management provides advantages,such as:Better control of financial,physical,and human resources.Improved customer relations.Shorter development times.Lower costs and improved productivity.Higher quality and increased reliability.Higher profit margins.Better internal coordin

6、ation.Higher worker morale.Chapter 1:Introduction to Project ManagementIntroductionWhat Is a Project?What is Project Management?The Role of the Project Manager7What Is a Project?A project is“a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product,service,or result.”Operations is work done to sust

7、ain the business.Project AttributesHas a unique purpose.Is temporary.Is developed using progressive elaboration.Requires resources,often from various areas.Should have a primary customer or sponsor.Involves uncertainty.8The Triple Constraint of Project ManagementSuccessful project management means m

8、eeting all three goalsScope:What work will be done?Time:How long should it take to complete?Cost:What should it cost?and satisfying the projects sponsor!It is the project managers duty to balance these three often-competing goals.Chapter 1:Introduction to Project ManagementIntroductionWhat Is a Proj

9、ect?What is Project Management?The Role of the Project Manager10What is Project Management?Project management is“the application of knowledge,skills,tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements.”11Project StakeholdersStakeholders are the people involved in or affected by p

10、roject activities.Stakeholders include:Project sponsorProject managerProject teamSupport staffCustomersUsersSuppliersOpponents to the projectThese stakeholders often have different needs and expectations.12Nine Project Management Knowledge AreasKnowledge areas describe the key competencies that proj

11、ect managers must develop.Four core knowledge areas lead to specific project objectivesScopeTimeCostqualityFour facilitating knowledge areas are the means through which the project objectives are achievedhuman resourcesCommunicationRiskprocurement managementStakeholder managementOne knowledge area-p

12、roject integration management affects and is affected by all of the other knowledge areas.13Project Management Tools and TechniquesMan is a tool-using animal.Without tools he is nothing,with tools he is all.Project management tools and techniques assist project managers and their teams in various as

13、pects of project management.Specific tools and techniques include:Project charters,scope statements,and WBS(scope).Gantt charts,network diagrams,critical path analyses,critical chain scheduling(time).Cost estimates and earned value management(cost).Project SuccessThe project met scope,time,and cost

14、goals.The project satisfied customer/sponsor.The results of the project met its main objectives,such as making or saving a certain amount of money,providing a good return on investment,or simply making the sponsor happy.15Project Success Factors1.Executive support2.User involvement3.Experienced proj

15、ect manager4.Clear business objectives5.Minimized scope6.Standard software infrastructure7.Firm basic requirements8.Formal methodology9.Reliable estimates10.Other criteria,such as small milestones,proper planning,competent staff,and ownership16How organizations as a whole can improve project perform

16、anceRecent research findings show that companies that excel in project delivery capability:Use an integrated project management toolbox,that includes standard and advanced tools and lots of templates.Grow project leaders,emphasizing business and soft skills.Develop a streamlined project delivery pro

17、cess.Measure project health using metrics,including customer satisfaction and return on investment.Chapter 1:Introduction to Project ManagementIntroductionWhat Is a Project?What is Project Management?The Role of the Project Manager181.Define scope of project.2.Identify stakeholders,decision-makers,a

18、nd escalation procedures.3.Develop detailed task list(work breakdown structures).4.Estimate time requirements.5.Develop initial project management flow chart.6.Identify required resources and budget.7.Evaluate project requirements.8.Identify and evaluate risks.9.Prepare contingency plan.10.Identify

19、interdependencies.11.Identify and track critical milestones.12.Participate in project phase review.13.Secure needed resources.14.Manage the change control process.15.Report project status.Project Management Job FunctionsThe Role of the Project ManagerSuggested Skills for Project ManagersThe most imp

20、ortant project management skills depend on the uniqueness of the project and the people involved.The project management team understand and use expertise in the following areas:The project management body of knowledgeApplication area knowledge,standards,and regulationsProject environment knowledge,u

21、nderstand the organizations they work in and with.General management knowledge and skillsSoft skills,or human relations skillUnderstanding the technology they use on the projectsFor large projects,they do not have to be experts on any specific technology,but have to know enough to build a strong tea

22、m and ask the right questions to keep thing on track.On small projects,the project manager might be expected to produce some of the work.Careers for IT project managersSkillPercentage of Respondents（%）Project/Program management60Business process management55Business analysis53Application development52Database management49Security 42Enterprise architect41Strategist/internal consultant40Systems analyst39Relationship management39Web services33Help desk/user support32Networking32Web site development30QA/testing28IT finance28Vendor management/procurement27IT HR21Other3