[全]冲刺高考英语-熟词生义-历年真题考点详解.pdf

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1、冲刺高考英语-熟词生义历年真题考点详解 1.trip 熟义：n.旅行 生义：v.绊倒 高考原句：(2019 全国 I 阅读 B)Chris trips on the“-ld,”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.克里斯在发“-ld”音时磕巴了，许多母语不是英语的人在发这个音时都有点困难。巧记词义：trip 作动词时有“绊倒”的意思，可以理解为走路磕磕绊绊，在这话中引申为“说话磕磕绊绊”，即“磕巴”。巩固练习：She tripped on the stairs and almost fell.释义：绊倒

2、She took a trip to Europe.释义：旅行 2.mean 熟义：v.意思是 生义：adj.不善良的，刻薄的 高考原句：(2019 全国 I 阅读 D)Then came my tweens and teens,and mean girls and cool kids.而在我进入少年、青少年之后，遇到了很多坏女孩和酷女孩。巧记词义：mean 的熟义和生义差得有点远，生义虽然不常见，但 Mean Girls（贱女孩）这部很有名的电影大家可能比较熟悉。影片讲述的是女主人公转到一所高中后，慢慢加入到了一个“坏女孩组织”，但在最后成长蜕变的故事。相信看了这部电影后，你会对 mean

3、这个词有更深刻的理解。巩固练习：Why are you being so mean to me?释义：刻薄的 In modern Welsh,“glas”means“blue”.释义：意思是 3.tap 熟义：v.轻敲，轻拍 生义：v.发掘，利用 高考原句：(2019 全国 I 阅读 D)The likables plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships,jump-start interpersonal skills and,when tapped early,are employed ever aft

4、er in life and work.讨人喜欢的人能与他人很好地相处，从而增强校园友谊，激发人际交往能力。这些能力如能及早发掘，将会在未来的工作和生活中得以应用。巧记词义：可以将熟义和生义联合起来记忆：拍拍脑门，灵感便来。灵感便是发掘大脑的结果。巩固练习：Grace tapped on the bedroom door and went in.释义：轻敲，轻拍 We need to tap the professional knowledge of the people we already have.释义：发掘，利用 4.employ 熟义：v.雇用 生义：v.应用，利用 高考原句：(20

5、19 全国 I 阅读 D)The likables plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships,jump-start interpersonal skills and,when tapped early,are employed ever after in life and work.讨人喜欢的人能与他人很好地相处，从而增强校园友谊，激发人际交往能力。这些能力如能及早发掘，将会在未来的工作和生活中得以应用。巧记词义：employ 作“雇用”时讲，它的对象是人，作“应用”时讲，它的对象是物。二者都有用的意思

6、，只不过对象不同。巩固练习：You should find better ways to employ your time.释义：利用 Shes been employed as a gardener for many years.释义：雇佣 5.shade 熟义：n.阴凉处，背阴 生义：n.浓淡深浅；色度 高考原句：(2019 全国 I 完型)I count twelve shades of green from where I stand.我看到了十二种深浅不一的绿色。巧记词义：物体的阴影阴凉处，背阴；颜色的阴影浓淡深浅。巩固练习：These plants grow well in sha

7、de.释义：阴凉处 The walls were painted in two shades of green.释义：色度 6.read 熟义：v.阅读 生义：n.（好的/有意思的）书（或文章等）高考原句：Here she picks her top reads.这里她选出了几本最好的书.巧记词义：此词较好理解和记忆，作动词讲是“阅读”书，作名词讲是被阅读的“书”。巩固练习：The book is an easy read.释义：书 Have you read this book?释义：阅读 7.escape 熟义：v.逃跑 生义：n.解脱；消遣 高考原句：A lunchtime escape

8、 allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.午餐时的暂时解脱能让她免受老板的差遣.巧记词义：解脱其实就是一种逃离，逃离自己不喜欢的事物或环境。巩固练习：For me television is an escape.释义：消遣 They are reported to have escaped to the other side of the border.释义：逃离 8.home 熟义：n.家 生义：n.发源地 高考原句：A+E Networks,a global media company and home to s

9、ome of the biggest fashion shows.美国 A+E 电视网公司是一家环球传媒公司、举办过一些大型时装秀。巧记词义：home 的基本义是“家”，某事物的家便是其“发源地”.巩固练习：New Orleans,the home of jazz.释义：发源地 While travelling she missed the comforts of home.释义：家 9.fuel 熟 义：n.燃料生义：v.刺激，加强 高考原句：how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries.几个世纪以来中国是如何启

10、迪时尚想象力的。巧记词义：fuel 的基本义是“燃料”，给某一事物不断地提供燃料，便是“加强、刺激”某物。这是一个由具体到抽象的过程。巩固练习：By now the plane was running out of fuel.释义：燃料 The criticism she has faced has only fueled her determination to succeed.释义：加强 10.value 熟义：n.价值 生义：n.值，数值 高考原句：(2019 全国 III 阅读 D)they were performing a calculation,not just memorizi

11、ng the value of each combination.猴子们在运算，而不仅仅是记住每次相加的数值。巧记词义：商品的“价值”可以用具体的“数值”来体现。由“价值”到“数值”是由抽象到具体的转变。巩固练习：If x+3=5,what is the value of x?释义：数值 I believe that all that you go through here must have some value.释义：价值 11.attack 熟义：v.袭击 生义：v.抨击 高考原句：(2019 全国 III 七选五)When a student attacks a professor o

12、n the social media,the language used actually says more about the student.当一名学生在社交媒体上公然抨击一名教授时，他/她所使用的语言已经很说明这个学生的问题了。巧记词义：身体的攻击是“袭击”；言语的攻击是“抨击”。巩固练习：We should attack the enemy from behind.释义：袭击 There have been many attacks against the professor for her position on the issue.释义：抨击 12.live 熟义：v.住；活着

13、生义：adv.在现场直播 高考原句：After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC,the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours.当披头士应邀参加 BBC 的现场直播后，他们通过全国巡演迅速在英国蹿红。巧记词义：“现场直播”的内容都是当场产生的，是“鲜活”的。巩固练习：The show is going out live.释义：直播 The doctor said he only had six month to live.释义：活 13.

14、single 熟义：adj.单一的，单个的 生义：n.一元纸币 高考原句：(2019 浙江阅读 B)Most of the bills on the board were singles,but a few people left fives,tens and even twenties.标牌上的钞票大多是一元纸币，但有几个人留下了五元的，十元的，甚至是二十元的纸币。巧记词义：single 的基本义是“单个的”，单个的纸币便是“一元纸币”。巩固练习：He sent her a single rose.释义：一个 Do you have five singles for this five?释义

15、：一元纸币 14.across 熟义：prep.从的一边到另一边 生义：adv.宽 高考原句：The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests 在加州 46 000 多平方英里的森林中，直径大于两英尺的树木数量减少了 50%。巧记词义：一个物体从一边到另一边的长度便是这个物体的“宽”。巩固练习：The snails are no larger than one centimeter ac

16、ross.释义：宽 We saw them walking across the street.释义：跨过 15.name 熟义：n.名字，名称生义：v.选中，评为 高考原句：John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year.约翰列侬和保罗麦卡特尼被评为年度最佳作曲家。巧记词义：被“选中”、被“评为”的过程就是一个被冠以某一“称号（名称）”的过程。巩固练习：She has been named the winner of the competition.释义：评为 Please sign your name on t

17、his line.释义：名字 1.pick up【真题原文】Dont forget to stop by Pacific Science Centers Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit.(2017 全国 I 卷阅读 A 篇)【词义解释】pick up 常用词义为“捡起，（用车）接人”。本句中的 pick up 后接两个并列的 宾语“a wonderful science activity”和“souvenir”。“pick up

18、”与“a wonderful science activity”搭配 时可理解为“to join in,to participate（参加）”；与“a wonderful souvenir”搭配时则意为“to buy sth.（挑选/购买）”。【参考译文】不要忘记到太平洋科学中心商场停留一下，在这里你可以参加一个精彩的科学 活动和选购一件精美的纪念品，以纪你的到访。2.feed【真题原文】Our exhibits will feed your mind,but what about your body?(2017 全国 I 卷阅读 A 篇)【词义解释】feed 常见词义为“喂养，饲养”，本句中

19、的 feed 则理解为“to satisfy a need,desire,ect.and keep it strong(满足)”。【参考翻译】我们的展品可以使你的心灵充实，但你的身体呢？3.special【真题原文】Our caf offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options,in addition to seasonal specials.(2017 全国 I 卷阅读 A 篇)【词义解释】special 常用作形容词，意为“特别的”。在本句中，special 用作名词，意为“a dish that is not normally avai

20、lable or is made for a particular purpose（特色菜）”。【参考译文】除了季节性的特色菜，我们的咖啡馆还供应菜式齐全的午餐和零食，任君选择。4.work【真题原文】Trying to help injured,displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking;survival is never certain.However,when it works,it is simply beautiful.(2017 全国 I 卷阅读 B 篇)【词义解释】work 常用意思为“工作”，此句中的 work 理解为“to

21、 be effective or successful（有 效；成功）”。【参考译文】试图去帮助受伤的、流离失所的或者病弱的动物可能是令人心碎的；（能否）活下来是不确定的。但是，当成功活下来时，活着就是很美好的。5.carrier【真题原文】When I arrived,I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl.It had already been placed in acarrier for safety.(2017 全国 I 卷阅读 B 篇)【词义解释】carrier 常见意为“运输工具，运送者”，此句中的 carrier 理解为“a temporary shelter o

22、r a rough nest（临时庇护处或简易的窝）”。【参考译文】当我到达时，我看到一只两三周大的猫头鹰。为安全起见，它已经被安置到一 个临时庇护处了。6.anchor【真题原文】My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.(2017 全国 I 卷阅读 B 篇)【词义解释】anchor 常见词义为“n.锚；v.抛锚”。本句的 anchor 意为“to make something or someone stay in one position by fastening him,her,or it firmly（把固

23、定）”。【参考译文】我的下一步工作就是建一个鸟巢，并把它安放在一棵树上。7.rest【真题原文】Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up and out the side of the hole.(2017 全国 I 卷阅读 D 篇)【词义解释】rest 常用含义为“v.&n.休息”，本句中出现了两个 rest，第一个 rest 为动词，意 为“to lie or lean on something（躺；倚；靠）”；第二个 re

24、st 为名词，意为“the other parts that remain or that have not been mentioned（剩余部分）”。【参考译文】接着把管子放在恰当的位置，使得管子的一端一直放在杯子里并且管子的剩余 部分向上延伸到坑的外部。8.production【真题原文】The companys productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre.(2017 全国 II 卷阅读 B 篇)【词义解释】production 常用词义为“生产；产量”，此句中意为“a play,opera,or other

25、 show that is performed in a theatre（演出）”。【参考译文】这家公司的演出展示了 21 世纪中国剧院的新面貌。9.stand up【真题原文】When the studio didnt want me for the film it wanted somebody as well known as Paul he stood up for me.(2017 全国 II 卷阅读 B 篇)【词义解释】stand up 常见含义是“站起来”，本句的 stand up 意为“to defend or support a particular idea or a pe

26、rson who is being criticized or attacked（支持，维护）”。【参考译文】当制片方不想要我拍这部电影时他们(制片方)想要像保罗那样出名的人 他维护了我。【小试牛刀】你需要用精神力量来支持自己。10.dig【真题原文】We were respectful of craft（技艺）and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.(2017 全国 II 卷阅读 B 篇)【词义解释】dig 常用含义是“挖掘，戳入”，本句的 dig 的含义为“to study something ver

27、y carefully in order to discover or check facts（刻苦钻研）”，dig into 为固定搭配，意为“探究，钻研”。【参考译文】事实上,我们的车间刚刚开始研究这个问题.例 1 (2018 年高考全国 I 卷阅读理解 B 篇)Britain s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showing families how to prepare delicious

28、 and nutritious meals on a tight budget.grill 熟义 n.(置于 火上的)烤架；v.烧烤，灸烤 生义 v.追问，盘问 巧记词义：当人被反复盘问时，他就像是被置于烧烤架上承受煎熬，因此这里grill 的生义就是“追问，盘问”。例 2(2018 年高考英语全国 II 卷阅读理解 A 篇)Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park,staying until late to see the parade and the

29、fireworks.Our final day,Friday,sees us visit central Paris and tour the main sights.see 熟义 n.看见，理解，明白 生义 v.经历，遭受，会发生 巧记词义：根据句义“周四我们短途旅行去巴黎，游览巴黎迪士尼乐园，晚些时候，我们观看游行和烟花”，see 的生义是“会发生.”,翻译时应进行意译。例 3(2018 年高考英语全国 II 卷阅读理解 A 篇)Visit Warner Bros Studio,shop stop to buy picnic,stay overnight in an approved Yo

30、uth Hostel in Streatley-on-Thames,guided tour of Oxford to see the film locations,picnic lunch outside Oxfords Christchurch,boating on the River Cherwell through the University Parks,before heading back to Exeter.location 熟义 n.地点；位置 生义 n.(电影的)外景拍摄地 巧记词义：location 本意是“地点，位置”在这里根据句意为“(电影的)外景拍摄地”。例 4(20

31、18 年高考英语全国 II 卷阅读理解 B 篇)Many of us love July because its the month when natures berries and stone fruits are in abundance.These colorful and sweet jewels from British Columbias fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.jewel 熟义 n.宝石；珠宝首饰 生义 n.难能可贵的人；珍贵的东西 例 5(2018 全国 I 完型)The post has since gained the attention of social media users all over the world,receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days.share 熟义：(v.)分享 生义：转发 like 熟义：(v.)喜欢 生义：点赞