题型讲解指代题.pptx

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1、会计学1题型讲解题型讲解(jingji)指代题指代题第一页，共38页。Content课课堂堂(ktng)内内容容1题型介绍2做题步骤3例题练习2第1页/共38页第二页，共38页。题型介绍题型介绍(jisho)n n1.考查形式n n2.考查比例(bl)n n3.做题时间第2页/共38页第三页，共38页。1.考查考查(koch)形式形式n n题干特征(tzhng)：n n问法：n nThe word X in the passage refers ton nThe phrase X in the passage refers ton n标识：n n阴影标识第3页/共38页第四页，共38页。n n

2、2.考察比例：n n每篇文章(wnzhng)考察0-2个指代题。n n3.做题时间：n n指代题的合理解题时间为20秒/题。第4页/共38页第五页，共38页。Content课课堂堂(ktng)内内容容1题型介绍2做题步骤3例题练习6第5页/共38页第六页，共38页。2.做题步骤做题步骤(bzhu)第一步：第一步：读题干读题干第二步：第二步：读考点句读考点句第三步：第三步：做选择做选择第6页/共38页第七页，共38页。步骤步骤(bzhu)详解详解第一步：读题干确认代词/短语第7页/共38页第八页，共38页。n nThe word it in the passage refers ton nThe

3、 word them in the paragraph refers ton nThe word none in the paragraph refers to9第8页/共38页第九页，共38页。步骤步骤(bzhu)详解：第详解：第二步，读考点句。二步，读考点句。代词出现代词出现的句子的句子上下文上下文（一般为（一般为前后各一前后各一句）句）读考点句读考点句常见代词常见代词指代范围指代范围总结总结确定指代范确定指代范围围第9页/共38页第十页，共38页。指代指代(zh di)范围范围n n句内指代n n主从(zhcng)复合句n n句间指代n n特殊情况：指代传递11第10页/共38页第十一页

4、，共38页。指代指代(zh di)范围：句内指代范围：句内指代(zh di)n n(T10R1Q12)Long and often lyrical descriptions of the different types of ware exist that assist in classifying pots,although these sometimes confuse an already large and complicated picture.12第11页/共38页第十二页，共38页。n n(Dpage50Q9)Pesticides temporarily increase the

5、 productivity of crops,until insects develop genetic resistance to them.Traces of chemical pesticides appear in many foods grown on pesticide-treated soils,in the groundwater that many people drink,and in the air we breathe.13第12页/共38页第十三页，共38页。n n(Dpage52Q7)If the body has adequate amounts of calci

6、um and phosphorus,they are incorporated into the bone matrix,and the result is a strong,healthy skeleton.14第13页/共38页第十四页，共38页。n n句内指代：n n代词出现(chxin)在主从复合句的后半句。15第14页/共38页第十五页，共38页。指代指代(zh di)范围：句间指代范围：句间指代(zh di)n n(Dpage48Q1)Passed from generation to generation by word of mouth,every society has a

7、favorite imagined figure that is seen in the surface markings of the full moon.In Asia and Europe,it is commonly a hare,while North Americans see the man in the moon or the lady in the moon.16第15页/共38页第十六页，共38页。n n(T9R3Q7)Many millions of years after ferns evolved(but long before the Hawaiian Island

8、 were born from the sea),another kind of flora evolved on Earth:the seed-bearing plants.This was a wonderful biological invention.n n句间指代(zh di)：n n代词出现在主从复合句前半句。17第16页/共38页第十七页，共38页。指代范围指代范围(fnwi)：句间指代：句间指代：指代传递指代传递n n(T15R1Q6)The problem is that as blood flows through the turtles flippers,it risks

9、 losing enough heat to lower the animals central body temperature when it returns.18第17页/共38页第十八页，共38页。n n(OTR)The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the North American colonies was the slow evolution of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter.In Europe they

10、 grew over a period of centuries form town economies to their present urban structures.In North America,they started as wilderness communities and developed to mature urbanism in little more than a century.19第18页/共38页第十九页，共38页。第三步，做选择第三步，做选择(xunz)。n n就近(jijn)原则n n单复一致n n平行结构n n同义重复20第19页/共38页第二十页，共3

11、8页。n n就近原则n n被考代词(dic)和正确选项的位置关系21第20页/共38页第二十一页，共38页。n n单复一致(yzh)n n被考代词和正确选项的单复数关系22第21页/共38页第二十二页，共38页。n n平行结构n n一种答案(d n)提示性的句型结构n n例如：23第22页/共38页第二十三页，共38页。常见常见(chn jin)平行结平行结构：构：n n平行(pngxng)短语n nNot onlybut alson nOneanothern nFromton nSomeothersn n,eithern nNeithernorn nBothandn n平行(pngxng)句

12、n nA,and B.n nA,but B.n nA,while B.n nA,or B.n nA as well as B.n nA,B,C and D.24第23页/共38页第二十四页，共38页。n n(Dpage49Q4)Some composers,such as Scriabin,have emphasized the importance of the rhythmic aspect of music by translating their works into rhythmic series of colored forms.Others,such as Stravinsky,

13、have stressed the significance of seeing music performed by an orchestra or a dance troupe.25第24页/共38页第二十五页，共38页。n n(T1R3Q6)In the tropics,the valleys appear to be more favorable because they are less prone to dry out,they have less frost,and they have deeper soils.26第25页/共38页第二十六页，共38页。n n(DGpage16

14、9Q2)The causes of most disease,parasites such as viruses,bacteria,and fungi,all specialize in breaking into cells,either to eat them,as fungi and bacteria do,or like viruses,to subvert their genetic machinery for the purpose of making new viruses.27第26页/共38页第二十七页，共38页。n n(OTR)The growing custom of r

15、egularly assembling from afar the representatives of all kinds of groups-not only for political conventions,but also for commercial,professional,learned,and avocational ones-in turn supported the multiplying hotels.28第27页/共38页第二十八页，共38页。n n(OTR)By comparison with these familiar yardsticks,the distan

16、ces to the galaxies are incomprehensibly large,but they too are made more manageable by using a time calibration,in this case the distance that light travels in one year.29第28页/共38页第二十九页，共38页。n n同义重复n n通过前后文连贯(lingun)的方式确定指代关系n n例如：30第29页/共38页第三十页，共38页。n n(OGpage244Q4)In classic research Paul Ekman

17、took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger,disgust,fear,happiness,and sadness.He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them.31第30页/共38页第三十一页，共38页。综合综合(zngh)例题例题1n n(T2R1Q5)It has been suggested that Pakicetus fed on fish in shallow water

18、 and was not yet adapted for life in the open ocean.It probably bred and gave birth on land.n nThe word“it”in the passage refers to n nPakicetus n nFish n nLife n nocean32第31页/共38页第三十二页，共38页。综合综合(zngh)例题例题2n n(T1R2Q5)But the myths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the group

19、s oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites.When this occurs,the first step has been taken toward theater as an autonomous activity,and thereafter entertainment and aesthetic values may gradually replace the former mystical and socially efficacious c

20、oncerns.n nThe word“this”in the passage refers to The acting out of rites The divorce of ritual performers from the rest of society The separation of myths from rites The celebration of supernatural forces 33第32页/共38页第三十三页，共38页。综合综合(zngh)例题例题3n n(OGpage83Q9)With the advent of projection,the viewers

21、relationship with the image was no longer private,as it had been with earlier peepshow devices such as the Kinetoscope and the Mutoscope,which was a similar machine that reproduced motion by means of successive images on individual photographic cards instead of on strips of celluloid.It suddenly bec

22、ame public an experience that the viewer shared with dozens,scores,and even hundreds of others.n nThe word it in the passage refers ton nthe advent of projectionn nthe viewers relationship with the imagen na similar machine n ncelluloid34第33页/共38页第三十四页，共38页。综合综合(zngh)练习练习1n n(T11R1Q7)Other statues w

23、ere designed to be placed within an architectural setting,for instance,in front of the monumental entrance gateways to temples known as pylons,or in pillared courts,where they would be placed against or between pillars:their frontality worked perfectly within the architectural context.n nThe word th

24、ey in the passage refers to n n statues n n gateways n n temples n n pillared courts 35第34页/共38页第三十五页，共38页。综合综合(zngh)练习练习2n n(T14R2Q5)While that made things hard for ancient Maya living in the south,it has also made things hard for modem archaeologists who have difficulty understanding why ancient d

25、roughts caused bigger problems in the wet south than in the dry north.The likely explanation is that an area of underground freshwater underlies the Yucatan Peninsula,but surface elevation increases from north to south,so that as one moves south the land surface lies increasingly higher above the wa

26、ter table.36第35页/共38页第三十六页，共38页。n n The phrase“The likely explanation”in the passage refers to the explanation for why the southern Maya areas received more rainfall than the northern areas modern archaeologists have difficulty understanding ancient droughts water problems were most severe in the we

27、t south land surface in the south is so high above the water table 37第36页/共38页第三十七页，共38页。综合综合(zngh)练习练习3n n(RDpage123Q16)Although each science has its own systems with their own subject matter and networks of relationships,the formal characteristics of systems are similar for all sciences.The scientific discipline called general systems theory formulates principles that are valid for systems in general,no matter the elements involved and the relations or forces among them.n nThe word them in the paragraph refers ton nsciences principles elements forces38第37页/共38页第三十八页，共38页。