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1、第第九九节节 玉米玉米田间管理田间管理一、苗期管理(前期管理)时间:从出苗到拔节生长中心:以根系和茎、叶生长为主管理目的:(1)苗全:保证要求密度(2)苗齐:整齐度好(3)苗匀:密度均匀(4)苗壮:根多、叶宽厚、叶色浓绿、茎扁、苗敦实一)防止芽涝回茬夏玉米最易发生芽涝6月底7月初提早播种改回茬播种为免耕播种垄作二)适时间苗、定苗早见苗:三叶期间苗晚定苗:56片可见叶定苗定苗原则:去处弱苗、病苗、虫苗,留壮苗、匀苗补苗:效果不太好缺株:可就近留双株(同行或临行)三)追施苗肥时间:定苗后施用量:(参考施肥一节)作用:(参考施肥一节)四)蹲苗作用:控制植株旺长目的:控上促下、控前促后、控秆促穗措施:
2、限制灌水、中耕原则:蹲黑不蹲黄、蹲肥不蹲瘦、蹲湿不蹲干适用条件:旺长的高产田时间:拔节之前结束二、穗期管理(中期管理)时间:从拔节至抽雄生长中心:茎、叶生长旺盛,开始进行穗分化管理目的:促秆壮穗田间管理的重要时期一)中耕培土时间:封垄前(大喇叭口)结束作用:掩埋杂草、促进气生根发育、防止倒伏、利于排灌培土高度:78cm适用条件:黏土地、湿地、大风多雨年份、大风多雨地区二)施用穗肥时间:大喇叭口期作用:施肥量:三)穗期灌溉时间:大喇叭口期作用:常与穗肥结合进行四)防止玉米螟(钻心虫)时间:大喇叭口期方法:灌心药剂:呋喃丹颗粒剂用量:1.5公斤/亩注意事项:防止中毒三、花粒期管理(后期管理)时间:
3、从抽雄至成熟生长中心:营养生长停止,以籽粒发育为中心管理目的:保证授粉受精、促进籽粒灌浆、防止早衰一)开花水时间:抽雄至吐丝作用:方法:二)花粒肥时间:抽雄期作用:方法:三)灌浆水时间:籽粒灌浆期作用:方法:注意事项:量不要太大四)人工辅助授粉时间:吐丝期作用:提高授粉结实率、增加穗粒数适用条件:高产田以及特殊年份五)人工去雄时间:抽雄期作用:减少养分消耗、增加光照方法:隔12行去12行,去雄量不能超过2/3,否则影响正常授粉适用条件:高产田(散粉后将全部雄穗去掉,主要是为了增加光照)四、适时收获植株叶片变黄苞叶发黄籽粒变硬1.外观标准2.黑层(blacklayer)美国W.G.Duncan1
4、968年提出3.乳线(MilkLine)美国CrockStone1984年提出The End!参考著作1.库别尔曼,玉米形态学玉米形态学,上海科技出版社,19662.吴绍騤,玉米栽培生理玉米栽培生理,上海科技出版社,19803.赵可夫,玉米生理玉米生理,山东科技出版社,19824.山东省农科院,中国玉米栽培学中国玉米栽培学,上海科技出版社,19865.李伯航,玉米栽培生物学基础玉米栽培生物学基础,河北科技出版社,19866.山东省农科院,玉米生理玉米生理,农业出版社,19877.佟屏亚,玉米史话玉米史话,农业出版社,19888.戴俊英,玉米形态与超微结构图谱玉米形态与超微结构图谱,辽宁科学技术
5、出版社,19909.李伯航,黄淮海玉米高产理论与技术黄淮海玉米高产理论与技术,学术书刊出版社,199010.李伯航,玉米高产理论与栽培技术玉米高产理论与栽培技术,农业出版社,199211.尤新,玉米的综合利用及深加工玉米的综合利用及深加工,中国轻工业出版社,199312.李伯航,河北玉米栽培河北玉米栽培,河北科技出版社,199413.陈国平,夏玉米的栽培夏玉米的栽培,农业出版社,199414.胡昌浩,玉米栽培生理玉米栽培生理,中国农业出版社,199515.陈国平,紧凑型玉米高产栽培的理论与实践紧凑型玉米高产栽培的理论与实践,中国农业出版社,199616.冯光明,杂交玉米配套栽培技术问答杂交玉米
6、配套栽培技术问答,中国农业出版社,1998B3E6I9LdOgRjVmYp!t&w-z1C4G7JaMePhSkWnZr$u*x+A2D5H8KcNfQiUlXo#s%v)y0B3F6I9LdOgSjVmYq!t&w-z1D4G7JbMePhTkWoZr$u(x+A2E5H9KcNfRiUlXp#s&v)y0C3F6IaLdOgSjVnYq!t*w-z1D4G8JbMeQhTkWoZr%u(x+B2E5H9KcOfRiUmXp#s&v)z0C3F7IaLdPgSkVnYq$t*w-A1D5G8JbNeQhTlWoZr%u(y+B2E6H9KcOfRjUmXp!s&v)z0C4F7IaMdPgS
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8、4G7JbMePhTkWnZr$u(x+A2E5H8KcNfRiUlXp#s%v)y0C3F6IaLdOgSjVmYq!t*w-z1D4G7JbMeQhTkWoZr$u(x+B2E5H9KcNfRiUmXp#s&v)y0C3F7IaLdPgSjVnYq$t*w-A1D4G8JbNeQhTlWoZr%u(x+B2E6H9KcOfRiUmXp!s&v)z0C3F7IaMdPgSkVnYq$t*x-A1D5G8JbNeQiTlWo#r%u(y+B3E6H9LcOfRjUmYp!s&w)z0C4F7JaMdPhSkVnZq$t*x-A2D5G8KbNeQiTlXo#r%v(y+B3E6I9LcOgRj
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11、Xo#s%v)y0B3F6I9LdOgSjVmYq!t&w-z1D4G7JbMePhTkWnZr$u(x+A2E5H8KcNfRiUlXp#s%v)y0C3F6IaLdOgSjVnYq!t*w-z1D4G8JbMeQhTkWoZr%u(x+B2E5H9KcOfRiUmXp#s&v)z0C3F7IaLdPgSjVnYq$t*w-A1D4G8JbNeQhTlWoZr%u(y+B2E6H9KcOfRjUmXp!s&v)z0C4F7IaMdPgSkVnZq$t*x-A1D5G8KbNeQiTlWo#r%u(y+B3E6H9LcOfRjUmYp!s&w)z0C4F7JaMdPhSkVnZq$u*x-A2
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13、oZr$u(x+B2E5H9KcNfRiUmXp#s&v)y0C3F7IaLdPgSjVnYq!t*w-A1D4G8JbMeQhTlWoZr%u(x+B2E6H9KcOfRiUmXp!s&v)z0C3F7IaMdPgSkVnYq$t*x-A1D5G8JbNeQiTlWo#r%u(y+B2E6H9LcOfRjUmXp!s&w)z0C4F7IaMdPhSkVnZq$t*x-A2D5G8KbNeQiTlXo#r%v(y+B3E6I9LcOgRjUmYp!t&w)z1C4F7JaMePhSkWnZq$u*x-A2D5H8KbNfQiTlXo#s%v(y0B3E6I9LdOgRjVmYp!t&w-z1C
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15、q$t*w-A1D5G8JbNeQhTlWo#r%u(y+B2E6H9KcOfRjUmXp!s&v)z0C4F7IaMdPgSkVnZq$t*x-A1D5G8KbNeQiTlWo#r%v(y+B3E6H9LcOgRjUmYp!s&w)z1C4F7JaMdPhSkWnZq$u*x-A2D5G8KbNfQiTlXo#r%v(y0B3E6I9LcOgRjVmYp!t&w)z1C4G7JaMePhSkWnZr$u*x+A2D5H8KcNfQiUlXo#s%v)C4F7JaMdPhSkVnZq$u*x-A2D5G8KbNfQiTlXo#r%v(y0B3E6I9LcOgRjVmYp!t&w)z1C4G7J
16、aMePhSkWnZr$u*x+A2D5H8KcNfQiUlXo#s%v(y0B3F6I9LdOgRjVmYq!t&w-z1C4G7JbMePhTkWnZr$u(x+A2E5H8KcNfRiUlXp#s%v)y0C3F6IaLdOgSjVnYq!t*w-z1D4G7JbMeQhTkWoZr$u(x+B2E5H9KcNfRiUmXp#s&v)y0C3F7IaLdPgSjVnYq$t*w-A1D4G8JbNeQhTlWoZr%u(y+B2E6H9KcOfRiUmXp!s&v)z0C3F7IaMdPgSkVnYq$t*x-A1D5G8JbNeQiTlWo#r%u(y+B3E6H9LcOfRjUmYp
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21、y0B3E6I9LcOgRjUmYp!tA1D5G8JbNeQiTlWo#r%u(y+B3E6H9LcOfRjUmYp!s&w)z0C4F7JaMdPhSkVnZq$u*x-A2D5G8KbNeQiTlXo#r%v(y+B3E6I9LcOgRjUmYp!t&w)z1C4F7JaMePhSkWnZq$u*x+A2D5H8KbNfQiUlXo#s%v(y0B3F6I9LdOgRjVmYq!t&w-z1C4G7JaMePhTkWnZr$u*x+A2E5H8KcNfQiUlXp#s%v)y0B3F6IaLdOgSjVmYq!t*w-z1D4G7JbMeQhTkWoZr$u(x+B2E5H9KcNfRiUlXp#s&v)y0C3F6IePhTkWnZr$u*x+A2E5H8KcNfQiUlXp#s%v)y0B3F6IaLdOgSjVmYq!t*w-z1D4G7JbMeQhTkWoZr$u(x+A2E5H9KcNfRiUlXp#s&v)y0C3F6IaLdPgSjVnYq!t*w-A1D4G8JbMeQhTlWoZr%u(x+B2E6H9KcOfRiUmXp!s&v)z0C3F7IaLdPgSkVnYq$t*w-A1D5G8JbNeQhT