RobinsonCrusoe罗宾逊漂流记讲述.pptx

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1、uborn in 1661,died in 1731uson of a London butcher named Foeuat 40,added the aristocratic prefix De-ua jack-of-all-trades as well as a writerua radical Nonconformist in religionua journalist and a pamphleteeruknew prison life(for writing the pamphlet The Shortest Way with Dissenters)Defoes Life 第1页/

2、共77页Verses:Hymn to the Pillory 枷刑颂(1702)Fictions:Robinson Crusoe (1719)Captain Singleton辛格尔顿船长(1720)Duncan Campbell (1720)Memoirs of a Cavalier (1720)Colonel Jack (1722)Moll Flanders 摩尔弗兰德斯(1722)Journal of the Plague Year 大疫年纪事(1722)The History of the Devil (1726)Defoes Works第2页/共77页 Comments on Def

3、oeuAlong with Samuel Richardson,Defoe is considered the founder of the English novel(before his time stories were usually written as long poems or dramas)uoften given the credit for the discovery of the modern novel;but whether or not he deserves that honor is an open question(Robinson Crusoe is lar

4、gely an adventure story rather than the study of human character)第3页/共77页BackgroundRobinson Crusoe was partly based on was partly based on the actual deeds of Alexander Selkirk,an the actual deeds of Alexander Selkirk,an 18th century Scottish sailor who spent 18th century Scottish sailor who spent a

5、lmost five years alone on a desert almost five years alone on a desert island.island.T This novel is famous for its lovely his novel is famous for its lovely details and its expression of belief in details and its expression of belief in mansmans ability when left alone in natureability when left al

6、one in nature.第4页/共77页Plot summaryCrusoe set sail on the sea voyage in 1651 against the wishes of his parents.After the tumultuous journey,his ship wrecked in a storm.His lust for the sea remained so strong that he set out to the sea again.This journey ends in disaster too and Crusoe became a slave.

7、After 2 years of slavery,he was rescued by a captain of Portuguese,with whose help,Crusoe became an owner of plantation in Brazil.第5页/共77页Years later,he joined an expedition to bring slaves from Africa.But he was shipwrecked,his companions all died,saved himself and three animals-the captains dog an

8、d two cats.Then he lived the lonely life in an isolated island.Years later,Crusoe saved a prisoner,named him Friday.Crusoe then taught him English and converted him a Christianity.Four years later,they were rescued and returned to England.Crusoe lived on uninhabited for 28 years.第6页/共77页Saving Frida

9、y第7页/共77页 Building a fenced-in inhabitation第8页/共77页每每个个成成长长中中的的青青少少年年，尤尤其其是是男男孩孩子子都都应应该该读读读读它它。卢卢梭梭第9页/共77页第10页/共77页鲁鲁滨滨孙孙漂漂流流记记笛笛福福第11页/共77页鲁滨孙漂流记一问世即风靡全球又历久不衰。至今已出了几百版，几乎译成了世界上所有各种文字。据说除圣经之外，鲁滨孙漂流记是再版最多的一本书。在欧美国家是儿童的必读书。鲁滨孙漂流记鲁滨孙漂流记第12页/共77页生存问题生存问题生存，还是毁灭，生存，还是毁灭，这是一个值得思考这是一个值得思考的问题。的问题。鲁滨孙及时调整悲观

10、绝望的心态，决定在岛上顽强地生存下去。第13页/共77页吃喝吃喝住穿住穿是人是人生存生存所依所依赖的赖的物质物质条件。条件。物质问题物质问题计算时间、获得的东西、缺乏的东西、打造木栅栏围墙、每天觅食第14页/共77页人没有精神人没有精神寄托，灵魂寄托，灵魂就无所依附就无所依附。精神问题精神问题写日记，思考处境；得出经验教训，希望得到理解；安心于荒岛生活第15页/共77页 在海难中，同船的在海难中，同船的 11 11人中，死了十个，就他人中，死了十个，就他一个人活着，这是上帝对他的特别关照。一个人活着，这是上帝对他的特别关照。从船上获得大量维持生活的必需品，这是上从船上获得大量维持生活的必需品，

11、这是上帝对他的特别恩赐。帝对他的特别恩赐。他日记本上列出的六大他日记本上列出的六大“好处好处”更体现了他更体现了他要顽强活下去的理由。要顽强活下去的理由。第16页/共77页鲁滨孙虽身陷绝境,但他说服自己顽强的活着,并打定主意在岛上独自生活一辈子,这需要巨大的勇气。可以看出他是一个非常热爱生命、珍惜生活的人。他活着也许并非为了什么,仅仅是因为自己是一条生命,既然是生命就应该善待它。况且他活的积极、主动,活出了尊严,这样的人值得活着。鲁滨孙是一个珍惜生命，热爱生活；意志坚强，生存信念执著；勇于创造，务实肯干的人。“在最不幸的处境之中，我们也可以把好处和坏处对照起来看，从而找到聊以自慰的事情。”可以

12、概括为一个人在逆境中不要悲观失望，而要努力看到积极的因素，从而改变自己被动的局面。第17页/共77页 鲁滨孙记录时间,是为了清楚地了解自己是怎么活着的,可以活多长时间。这表明了他对生存下去充满信心。记叙了他制作日历,记录时间,从船上获得物品,艰难地打造木栅栏围墙,以及每天在岛上各处寻找食物。这样写,从一个侧面体现了人类创造生活的艰难,也表现了鲁滨孙勤于创造、务实肯干的精神。第18页/共77页 日记是为了记录生活，抚慰心灵，而且要面对自我。鲁滨孙记日记的行为，表明他作为一个文明人精神方面的需要，为了使自己的精神有所寄托，减轻心中的苦闷，便于深入思考当前的处境。在荒岛上，鲁滨孙有理由相信上帝的存在

13、（这部作品里多次提到圣经及鲁滨孙对上帝的祈祷，有了这个前提，鲁滨孙就有了活下去的精神支柱，活的有理由，有意义。本文没有生动的故事，作者是通过心理描写来刻画人物性格表现作品主题的。用第一人称来写，便于展现“我”的内心世界,使作品更具真实感,缩小了作品和读者之间的距离。第19页/共77页坏处我陷在一个可怕的荒岛上我陷在一个可怕的荒岛上,没有重见天日的希望。没有重见天日的希望。我现在被剔出来我现在被剔出来,与世隔绝与世隔绝,困苦万状。困苦万状。我与人类隔绝我与人类隔绝,仿佛一个隐士。仿佛一个隐士。我没有衣服穿。我没有衣服穿。我没有抵御野人和野兽袭击的防御力和手段。我没有抵御野人和野兽袭击的防御力和手

14、段。我没有人可以说话我没有人可以说话,也没有人来解除我的愁闷。也没有人来解除我的愁闷。第20页/共77页 好处好处但我还活着但我还活着,没有想我同船的伙伴们一样没有想我同船的伙伴们一样,被水淹死。被水淹死。但我也从全体船员中被剔出来但我也从全体船员中被剔出来,独免一死独免一死,上帝既然用上帝既然用神力把我从死亡里救出来神力把我从死亡里救出来,一定也会救我脱离这个境地。一定也会救我脱离这个境地。但我并未因为没有粮食但我并未因为没有粮食,饿死在这不毛之地。饿死在这不毛之地。但我是在一个热带气候里但我是在一个热带气候里,即使有衣服即使有衣服,也穿不住。也穿不住。但我所流落的岛上但我所流落的岛上,没有

15、我在非洲看到的那种野兽。假没有我在非洲看到的那种野兽。假使我在那里覆了舟使我在那里覆了舟,我又将怎样？我又将怎样？但上帝却不可思议把我送到海岸附近但上帝却不可思议把我送到海岸附近,使我可以从里面使我可以从里面取出许多有用的东西取出许多有用的东西,使我终身用之不尽。使我终身用之不尽。第21页/共77页 坏处 好处 我陷在一个可怕的荒岛上，没有重见天日的希望。我现在被剔出来，与世隔绝，困苦万状。我与人类隔绝，仿佛一个隐士。我没有衣服穿。我没有抵御野人和野兽袭击的防御力和手段。我没有人可以说话，也没有人来解除我的愁闷。但我还活着，没有想我同船的伙伴们一样，被水淹死。但我也从全体船员中被剔出来，独免一

16、死，上帝既然用神力把我从死亡里救出来，一定也会救我脱离这个境地。但我并未因为没有粮食，饿死在这不毛之地。但我是在一个热带气候里，即使有衣服，也穿不住。但我所流落的岛上，没有我在非洲看到的那种野兽。假使我在那里覆了舟，我又将怎样？但上帝却不可思议把我送到海岸附近，使我可以从里面取出许多有用的东西，使我终身用之不尽。第22页/共77页FridayFriday is loyal to Robinson.he has no temper and he is outgoing,kindhearted.Friday to Robinson is what a child to father,wheneve

17、r and whatever it is,Friday prefers to sacrifice himself to protect Robinson.Robinson has saved a poor savages life and soul,he feels very happy.in this lonely island,it is Friday who release Robinson deep inner pressure.but he feels superior to Friday,he asks Friday to call himself“master”,that imp

18、lies his ambition to dominate and colonize other savage tribes.excuse to colonization by the white.第23页/共77页The book proved so popular that the name of the two main protagonists have entered the language.The term“Robinson Crusoe”is virtually synonymous with the word”castaway”and is often used as a m

19、etaphor for being rejected.Idioms from the book第24页/共77页Robinson Crusoe usually referred to his servant as My man Friday,from which the term Man Friday originated,referring to a dedicated personal assistant,servant,or companion.第25页/共77页Everyone can be abandoned on the desert island like Robinson,th

20、e truth is even we are now living around in a hustle and bustle of large crowds,we still have a lot of moment to be alone,to work our own path of life all alone.but luckily,what Robinson Crusoe shows us is:solitude is not a horrible thing;the really sad thing is we can not stand on our own feet in t

21、he misery of that endless loneliness.Deeper meaning 第26页/共77页 He is considered one of the greatest fiction writers of 18th-century England.Defoe was a very good story-teller.He had a gift for organizing minute(careful and exact)details in such a vivid way that his stories could be both credible and

22、fascinating.His sentences are sometimes short,crisp and plain,and sometimes long and rambling,while leave on the reader an impression of casual narration.His language is smooth,easy,colloquial and mostly vernacular.There is nothing artificial in his language:it is common English at its best.Adventur

23、es of Robinson Crusoe第27页/共77页 The story of Robinson Crusoe is well-known throughout the world.It tells of how Robinson Crusoe,an English mariner,having shipwrecked on an island,managed to struggle for live for 28 years there and rescued a black man,whom he named Friday,from the cannibals(person who

24、 eats human flesh).Later,Robinson got hold of a ship and sailed home.The books“realistic”touch and ingenuity(originality)aroused great interest from the readers both in England and abroad.第28页/共77页 The story was based on the life of Alexander Selkirk,who was put ashore on an uninhabitated island and

25、 spent 5 years there.Defoe was probably familiar with several versions of this tale,and added many incidents from his own imagination to his account of Crusoe,presenting it as a true story.The story starts with Robinson Crusoes running away from home.An inexperienced teenager and a young man full of

26、 bright fancies about the future,he naturally chooses going to sea,because in those days it meant a chance to live a chivalrous life,to see the wonders of the world and to make a fortune.第29页/共77页 After many setbacks and adventures on the sea,he settles down in Brazil as a planter.But the call of th

27、e sea is so strong that he soon embarks on another voyage,this time,to Africa.Unfortunately a frightful storm blows the boat off its course and shipwrecks it near an island.第30页/共77页 Of all the ships crew Robinson alone escapes to the shore after strenuous efforts.After salvaging from the wrecked sh

28、ip some stores of necessities such as bread,rice,barley,corn,planks,lead and gunpowder,an axe and two saws,which he later manages to bring to the island with a self-made raft.After several futile attempts to leave the island,Robinson settles himself down to a hard and lonely life.第31页/共77页 He grows

29、crops,domesticates animals and builds comfortable homes himself.His life takes a turn for the better when he saves from the hands of savages a young Negro,whom he names Friday.Robinson teaches him English and educates him in such a way that Friday soon becomes a loyal servant and an indispensable he

30、lp to him.Finally they are picked up by an English ship and return to England.Thus ends the first part of the story.第32页/共77页 In Robinson Crusoe,Defoe traces the growth of Robinson from a nave and artless（simple,innocent）youth into a shrewd and hardened(strong-minded)man,tempered by numerous trials

31、in his eventful life.The realistic account of the successful struggle of Robinson single-handedly against the hostile nature forms the best part of the novel.第33页/共77页 Robinson is here a real hero:a typical eighteenth-century English middle-class man,with a great capacity for work,inexhaustible ener

32、gy,courage,patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles,in struggling against the hostile natural environment.He is the very prototype of the empire builder,the pioneer colonist.第34页/共77页 As a member of the middle class,Defoe spoke for and to the members of his class and his novels enjoyed great

33、 popularity among the less cultivated readers.In most of his works,he gave his praise to the hard-working,sturdy(不屈的)middle class.第35页/共77页36Life on the islandCharacters of Robinson Robinsons companionsTools and foodCrusoe Visits the WreckThe FootprintCrusoe Saves Friday fromthe Cannibals Plot overv

34、iewBackgroundPericopes第36页/共77页uDefoes masterpiece uconsisting of three volumes,only the first one very popular,published in hundreds of editions and scores of languagesubased on the experiences of Alexander Selkirk,a captain lived alone in an island for 5 yearsucreating a visual picture that manife

35、sts how human history has developed from the primitive to the feudal and then to the capitalistic in the 18th centuryAbout Robinson Crusoe 第37页/共77页ua glorification of bourgeois qualities of individualism,private enterprise,and even of laboruits details told in a simple,straightforward style,adding

36、to the realistic effect of the storyustarting the tradition of realistic description and presenting authentic details which are important for the later development of the novel.About Robinson Crusoe 第38页/共77页uat the early stage,an individual laborer,and then a master,until at last an exploiter,a col

37、onizer.uan image of an enterprising Englishman of the 18th centuryuan embodiment of the spirit of individual enterprise and colonial expansion.ua man struggling against nature and human fate,with indomitable will.The hero:Robinson CrusoeThe hero:Robinson Crusoe 第39页/共77页Robinson Crusoe Click to add

38、title in here Friday is loyal to Robinson.He has no temper and he is outgoing,kindhearted.Friday to Robinson is what a child to father.Whenever and whatever it is,Friday prefers to sacrifice himself to protect Robinson.Friday 第40页/共77页Robinson Crusoe Click to add title in here Although Robinson has

39、tested Friday many times,Fridays behavior doesnt Although Robinson has tested Friday many times,Fridays behavior doesnt disappoint him,Fridaydisappoint him,Friday proves proves his loyalty.Robinson has saved a poor savages his loyalty.Robinson has saved a poor savages life and soul,he feels very hap

40、py.In this lonely island,it is Friday who life and soul,he feels very happy.In this lonely island,it is Friday who releaserelease Robinson deep inner pressure.Fridays appearance makes Robinson not so Robinson deep inner pressure.Fridays appearance makes Robinson not so confused.He becomes confused.H

41、e becomes positivepositive to life.to life.In fact,everyone living in noisy society will have the feeling of loneliness,In fact,everyone living in noisy society will have the feeling of loneliness,Robinson is a member in the real society and he is the model of ourselves.Robinson is a member in the r

42、eal society and he is the model of ourselves.Friday is the Friday is the inner true egos inner true egos in our hearts.He leads us to find the directions in our hearts.He leads us to find the directions and helps us to overcome the difficulty.and helps us to overcome the difficulty.Friday 第41页/共77页C

43、haracteristic of the style and languagesimple language,concise description,and well-knit plot construction.第42页/共77页Features of Daniel Defoes novelsDaniel Defoe is remembered chiefly,for his novels.The central idea of his novels is that man is good and noble by nature but may succumb to an evil soci

44、al environment.The writer wants to make it clear that society is the source of various crimes and vices.第43页/共77页Daniel Defoes intention is that the readers should regard his novels as true stories.For this reason,he deliberately avoids all arts,all fine writings,so that the reader should concentrat

45、e only on a series of plausible(似乎真实的)events.Daniel Defoes novels all take the form of memoirs or pretended historical narratives,everything in them giving the impression of reality.第44页/共77页Mans struggles against nature Glorification of the bourgeois men who has the courage and will to face hardshi

46、p and determination to improve his livelihood.Glorification of labor(Robinson lives on his own hands)Theme 第45页/共77页One of the representative of the rising bourgeoisie One of the representative of the rising bourgeoisie An enterprising Englishman An enterprising Englishman A laborer,a hard-working i

47、ndustrious and intelligent manA laborer,a hard-working industrious and intelligent manA typical colonizer,explorer,and a foreign trader;He is alert,A typical colonizer,explorer,and a foreign trader;He is alert,vigorous and resourcefulvigorous and resourcefulThe image of Robinson Crusoe第46页/共77页 Char

48、acterization of CrusoeDefoe traces the development of Crusoe from a nave and artless youth into a clever and hardened man tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.Crusoe is a hero with undaunted will and power.Crusoe represents a typical of the English bourgeoisie at the early stages of its

49、development,practical,religious and mindful of his own profits.Crusoe is condemned as an image of a colonist,for he supports Negro-slavery and teaches the first word“master”to Friday.第47页/共77页 A friend/servant of Crusoes,he A friend/servant of Crusoes,he spends a number of years on the island spends

50、 a number of years on the island with the main character,who saves him with the main character,who saves him from cannibalistic death.Friday is from cannibalistic death.Friday is basically Crusoes protege,a living basically Crusoes protege,a living example of religious justification of the example o