2019版高考英语一轮复习 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions达标巩固练（含解析）新人教版选修8.doc

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1、1UnitUnit 3 3 InventorsInventors andand inventionsinventions李仕才*阅读理解。Nowadays a third of primary schoolchildren in China are suffering from psychological ill-health as a result of classroom stress and parental pressure, according to a study published on Tuesday. The problem is so bad that urgent mea

2、sures are needed, warns the study, led by British and Chinese researchers. The investigation surveyed 2, 191 pupils aged 9 to 12 in nine schools in urban and rural Zhejiang, a relatively prosperous coastal province in eastern China. Eighty-one percent of the youngsters said they worried “a lot” abou

3、t exams, 63 percent feared being punished by their teachers, 44 percent had been physically bullied at least sometimeswith boys likelier to be victims than girlsand 73 percent had been physically punished by their parents. Most of the children complained they struggled to cope with the amount of hom

4、ework they were assigned. Over one-third reported headaches or abdominal painspsychosomatic symptoms of stressat least once a week. The most stressed children reported incidence of aches or pains of four times a week. The investigation, led by Therese Hesketh, a professor at University College Londo

5、n (UCL) Centre for International Health and Development, pointed the finger at extreme competitiveness in Chinas education system, from the onset of primary school. “The competitive and punitive educational environment leads to high levels of stress and psychosomatic symptoms, ” the authors say. “Me

6、asures to reduce unnecessary stress on children in schools should be introduced urgently. ”The paper appears in Archives of Disease in Childhood, a peer-reviewed journal of the British Medical Association (BMA). 2The “urban” setting for the study was Hangzhou, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, whi

7、le the “rural” setting was a poor county in Quzhou prefecture, in the west of the province. The study highlights some of the complexities that, it says, explain the demands for academic excellence and intolerance of failure. One factor is the countrys dramatic rise in prosperity, which has created “

8、previously unheard-of possibilities for upward mobility” and in turn stoked pressures on children to do well at school. Other reasons are Chinas one-child policy and the Confucian traditions of respect for parents and elders, filial piety, obedience and discipline. “The aspirations of many parents,

9、who had limited educational opportunities themselves are now invested in their only children, ” it says. Previous studies on school-related stress and its impact on health are few and generally come from Scandinavia. A 2008 assessment among 10-to 13-year-old in Sweden found that 21 percent of boys a

10、nd 30 percent of girls experienced headache, and 17 percent of boys and 28 percent of girls experienced abdominal pain at least once per week. 【文章大意】本文是一篇报告。文章讲述了中国孩子们在面对大量考试中, 所承受的精神上和身体上的压力, 以至于他们产生了很多不良现象。1. What mainly caused schoolchildren to suffer from psychological ill-health? A. Competitive

11、ness in education system. B. Classroom stress and parental pressure. C. Physical punishment from their parents. D. Endless homework from school teachers. 【解析】选 B。细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“as a result of classroom stress and parental pressure, according to a study published on Tuesday. ”可知 B 正确。2. The underlin

12、ed part “cope with” in Para. 5 most probably means _. A. to fit in B. to adapt toC. to deal with D. to get along with3【解析】选 C。词义猜测题。根据文章中的“Most of the children complained they struggled to cope with the amount of homework they were assigned. ”可知: 大多数孩子抱怨他们挣扎着处理作业。猜测 cope with 意为: 处理。3. What can we i

13、nfer from the passage? A. More and more schoolchildren will drop out of school soon. B. Homework and examinations will be cancelled at all schools. C. Parents and teachers will give up educating the schoolchildren. D. Too much stress does great harm to schoolchildren physically and mentally. 【解析】选 D

14、。推理判断题。根据文章的第四段和第六段中的“Over one-third reported headaches or abdominal painspsychosomatic symptoms of stressat least once a week. ”可知 D 正确。4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Children in China sickened by school pressure. B. Measures to reduce unnecessary stress on children. C. The investigati

15、on, led by University College London. D. Extreme competitiveness in Chinas education system. 【解析】选 A。主旨大意题。文章通篇谈论的是: 中国的孩子们在精神上和身体上承受很多压力之后, 出现的多种病态的表现。所以 A 正确。*语法填空。They survive in some of the coldest environments in the worldbut even penguins appreciate a warm woolly jumper (套头毛衣) once in a while.

16、The mini knitted garments have helped save hundreds of flightless birds caught _1_oil leaks, providing protection from the elements and stopping them from swallowing _2_(poison) pollution.Knits for Nature, a program run by the Penguin Foundation, _3_ conserves the little penguin population of Philli

17、p Island, 140 km southeast of Melbourne, _4_(create) up to 300 different designs over the yearsand it is all thanks to talented volunteers. “Theres a lot of _5_ (hide) creativity out there， ” said Lyn Blom, of Phillip Island Nature Park.“People love to know that theyre helping the penguins _6_ theyr

18、e so 4cute and small and they waddle up the beach and theyre so strong. But they need to be, for they live in _7_pretty tough sort of environment.”A thumbnailsized patch of oil can kill little penguins, the _8_ (small) of the species, measuring just 13 inches (33 cm) and weighing 2.2 lbs (1kg). The

19、oil separates and mats their feathers, breaking natural waterproof and heating functions.Ms Blom estimates _9_she has knitted between 200 and 300 penguin jumpers over the years, including _10_in the colours of every Australian football team in the country.1_2._3._4._5._ 6._7._ 8._ 9._ 10._ 篇章导读：本文是一

20、篇记叙文。Ms Blom 编织的迷你毛衣成功拯救了数百只企鹅，能防止它们接触到石油中的微量元素，甚至误食有毒的污染物。1in 考查介词。这里是“be caught in”的固定搭配，意思为“被困于中” 。文中是过去分词短语作定语修饰 flightless birds。2poisonous 考查词性转换。poisonous 作为形容词修饰其后面的名词。3which 考查定语从句的引导词。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词 the Penguin Foundation，并在从句中作主语，故用 which。4has created 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“over the years”可知这

21、里用现在完成时，句子的主语是一个名为 Knits for Nature 的项目，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数。5hidden 考查非谓语动词。creativity 是名词，其前要用形容词修饰，动词 hide与 creativity 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。此处为过去分词转化而来的形容词作定语。6because 考查连词。 “theyre so cute and small and they waddle up the beach and theyre so strong”是“People love to know that theyre helping the penguins”的

22、原因，故用 because 引导原因状语从句。7a 考查冠词。此处表示泛指，且 pretty 的读音是以辅音音素开头的，故用 a。a pretty tough sort of environment 表示的是“一种相当恶劣的环境” 。8smallest 考查形容词的最高级。根据上下文语境和空前的 the 可知这里应该用最高级。9that 考查宾语从句的连接词。分析句子成分可知，空处引导宾语从句作estimates 的宾语，宾语从句中句意和成分完整，故用 that。10those 考查代词。those 指代前面所说的 penguin jumpers。5*完形填空。Something quite

23、tragic(悲剧的)happened in our home.It had a _1_ effect on our lives.It _2_ the way we relax and even where we sit.There was no fire or flood.we _3_ our WiFi service，for over a week.I was raised in the preWiFi era，so I was relatively _4_ to the situation.My children，_5_，did not have this training.When g

24、iven the news that there was no WiFi in the house，their first _6_ was：“But，what will we do？”Fortunately，the TV still worked，although the children were _7_ to find that it had only 70 channels.For the children，a(n) _8_ challenge was homework，most of which is now given online.The lack of broadband see

25、med to provide a new _9_ of “the dog ate my homework”excuse.My daughter _10_ that one of her friends had her water supply temporarily _11_ due to a leak，but she thought that our lack of WiFi was _12_.“Because you can go to the shop and buy water，right？”My husband and I need the Internet to _13_ us t

26、o work at home.Luckily，Ive found out that these days you can go to the shop to _14_ WiFi.Although expensive，it allows you to set up your own WiFi network _15_.Buying 1 GB of data makes you view your broadband differently.I dont want to _16_ it like leaving a tap running.We log on to the WiFi network

27、 and do what we have to do as _17_ as possible and log off.The changes that _18_ has created in our daily life have occurred without us really _19_.The _20_ part of our time without WiFi was seeing the children make forts(堡垒)out of the sofa cushions，which they havent done in years.1A.possible Bmodes

28、tCpositive Dhuge2A.explored BchallengedCimproved Dguaranteed3A.received BbookedClost Dbought4A.addicted BaccustomedCadmitted Dattached5A.however Btherefore6Cotherwise Dbesides6A.impression BinspirationCresponse Drequest7A.excited BgratefulCembarrassed Ddesperate8A.avoidable BmajorCenjoyable Dsimple9

29、A.version BtranslationCdimension Dcollection10A.repeated BpromisedCobserved Dignored11A.fixed up Bcut offCused up Dlaid in12A.worse BbetterCclearer Dmore13A.force BencourageCremind Denable14A.look into Bsearch forCpurchase Dborrow15A.easily BsecurelyCfirmly Dconstantly16A.share BanalyzeCstore Dwaste

30、17A.steadily BquicklyCproperly Dsmoothly18A.technology BinformationCknowledge Dintelligence19A.reflecting BhearingCappreciating Dnoticing20A.rigid BtoughCbright Dnecessary【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了 WiFi 对“我”家生活的影响。【核心词汇】have an effect on 对有影响 temporarily adv.暂时地 log on登录 occur v发生71D 根据上下文可知，家里没有 WiFi 对我们

31、生活的影响是巨大的(huge)。possible“可能的” ；modest“谦虚的” ；positive“积极的” 。2B 根据前一句“It had a _1_ effect on our lives”和下文的“But，what will we do”可知，平时家里离不开 WiFi，现在没有了，当然对我们平时的生活方式产生挑战。explore“探索” ；improve“提升” ；guarantee“保证” 。3C 根据下文的“When given the news that there was no WiFi in the house”可知，我们家里失去(lost) WiFi 一个多星期；re

32、ceive“收到” ；book“订购” ；buy“购买” 。4B 根据第二段第一句“I was raised in the preWiFi era”可知， “我”是在没有 WiFi 的时代长大的，因此对于没有了 WiFi 也是比较习惯的(accustomed)，be accustomed to 表示“习惯于” 。5A 根据上下文可推知， “我”习惯无 WiFi 的生活，但是孩子们不习惯。上下文是转折关系，因此选 however。6C 根据空后的“But, what will we do”可知空处指的是他们的第一反应(response)。7D 根据上下文可知，没有 WiFi 只有电视，且电视频道

33、只有 70 多个，孩子们很绝望。excited“兴奋的” ；grateful“感激的” ；embarrassed“尴尬的” ；desperate“绝望的” 。8B 根据本句的定语从句“most of which is now given online”可知，家庭作业应是孩子们的主要(major)挑战。avoidable“可避免的” ；enjoyable“令人愉快的” ；simple“简单的” 。9A 空后的“the dog ate my homework”表示“狗吃了我的作业” ，此处表示没有网络是这种借口的一个新提法，故选 A。10C 根据空后的宾语从句“that one of her fr

34、iends had her water supply temporarily_11_ due to a leak”可知，这些内容应该是女儿讲出来(observed)的。 repeat“重复” ；promise“承诺” ；ignore“忽略” ；observe“观察，说，评论” 。11B 根据该空后的“due to a leak”可推知，水管漏水了，供水会被暂时中断(cut off)。12A 根据上下文可知，女儿认为我们没有 WiFi 更糟糕(worse)。13D 根据上下文可知，为了能够在家工作，丈夫和“我”需要互联网。enable sb.to do sth.表示“使某人能做某事” 。14C

35、根据下文的“Although expensive”可知， “我”去商店买(purchase)WiFi。 look into“调查” ；search for“寻找” ；borrow“借” 。15A 根据语境可知，买了 WiFi， “我”建立自己的网络就容易了。816D 根据本句中的“like leaving a tap running(像让水管的水不停地流着一样)”可知，我们知道让水管的水不停地流着意味着“浪费” ，故选 D。17B 根据上下文可知，当“我”上网做事时， “我”是尽快地做，as quickly as possible 表示“尽快地” 。18A 根据语境可知，技术已经引起了我们日常

36、生活的改变，这些改变在我们没有注意(noticing)的情况下发生了。19D 参见上题解析。reflect“反思” ；hear“听到” ；appreciate“欣赏” 。20C 根据该空后的“without WiFi was seeing the children make forts(堡垒)out of the sofa cushions，which they havent done in years”可知，没有了WiFi，孩子们可以在一起玩，这是愉快的(bright)事情。*短文改错。School English Drama Club was selecting actors and ac

37、tresses for the drama The Million Pound Bank Note. It is famous short story writing by the American author Mark Twain. The selection, that is in the charge of Mr Smith, will be made at the school hall in May 20th, 2018.Any student at our school who meets with the following criteria will be offered a

38、 chance to become an actor or actress. Firstly, he or she should love creative and interested performances. Secondly, he or she should be able to speak fluent English. More important, he or she should have read the short story and is familiar with the whole story.Thank you for your attentions.答案：Sch

39、ool English Drama Club selecting actors and actresses for the drama wasisThe Million Pound Bank Note. It is famous short story by the awritingwrittenAmerican author Mark Twain. The selection, is in the charge of Mr thatwhichSmith, will be made at the school hall May 20th, 2018.inonAny student at our

40、 school who meets the following criteria will withbe offered a chance to become an actor or actress. Firstly, he or she should love creative and performances. Secondly, he or she should be interestedinteresting9able to speak fluent English. More ， he or she should have read importantimportantlythe s

41、hort story and familiar with the whole story.isbeThank you for your .attentionsattention难项分析：第三处：writingwritten考查非谓语动词。write 与 story 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处需用过去分词作后置定语，表示“由 Mark Twain 所著/所写” 。第四处：thatwhich考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用 which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 The selection。注意：that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。第九处：isbe考查情态动词的用法。and 连接的两个并列成分均位于情态动词should 后，需用动词原形，故此处改为 be。*