Salt And Health.ppt

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1、Health Risks Of SaltDZA11航海Zhejiang Ocean University Salt,also known as table salt or rock salt(halite),is a crystalline(结晶质的结晶质的)mineral that is composed primarily of sodium chloride(NaCl).Salt is one of the oldest,most ubiquitous food seasonings and salting is an important method of food preservat

2、ion.The taste of salt(saltiness)is one of the basic human tastes.盐，也被称为餐桌盐或盐岩（盐），是一种结晶的矿物，主要是由氯化钠（NaCl)组成。盐是一种最古老，最普遍的食品调味料腌制是食品保藏的重要方法。盐的味道（咸）是人类基本的味道。Salt is indispensable to lifePhysiological functionMaintain osmotic extracellular fluid pressure.Regulate the body acid-base balanceChloride ions ge

3、nerated in vivo in acidSodium and chloride ions in physiological function mainly have the following several points.（维持细胞外液渗透压）(参与体内酸碱平衡的调节)(氯离子在体内参与胃酸的生成)（不可缺少的）Because of its importance to Because of its importance to survival,salt has often been survival,salt has often been considered as a valuabl

4、e considered as a valuable commodity during human modity during human history.However,as salt consumption has However,as salt consumption has increased during modern times,increased during modern times,scientists have become aware of scientists have become aware of the health risks associated with t

5、he health risks associated with high salt intake,including high high salt intake,including high blood pressure in sensitive blood pressure in sensitive individuals.individuals.由于它的重要性，盐经常被认为是在人类历史上的一个有价值的商品。然而，由于盐的消费在现代次数的增加，科学家们已经意识到高盐摄入的健康风险，包括在敏感个体的血压高。Too much salt in the diet,which is Too much

6、salt in the diet,which is marked by high sodium content,can marked by high sodium content,can deeply impact almost all biochemical deeply impact almost all biochemical pathways in your body.pathways in your body.As a standard,your dietary intake of As a standard,your dietary intake of sodium should

7、not exceed 2,000 sodium should not exceed 2,000 milligrams per day.Any excess of milligrams per day.Any excess of this amount can inhibit the proper this amount can inhibit the proper absorption of nutrients and disrupt absorption of nutrients and disrupt normal body functions.normal body functions.

8、饮食中的盐太多，通过高钠含量体现，能深入影响到你的身体内几乎所有的生化进程。作为一个标准，你的饮食中钠的摄入量不应超过2000毫克/天。任何超过这个量的情况都会抑制正常的的营养吸收和破坏正常的身体功能。The following are seven dangerous health consequences of eating too much salty food1.HypertensionThe number one medical consequence The number one medical consequence of high salt intake is hypertens

9、ion.High of high salt intake is hypertension.High intake of salt causes intake of salt causes water retention and water retention and promotes abnormal promotes abnormal influx of water influx of water molecules into your molecules into your blood vessels.This blood vessels.This action instantaneous

10、ly action instantaneously increases your blood volume and increases your blood volume and blood pressure.Sudden rises of blood blood pressure.Sudden rises of blood pressure can trigger life threatening pressure can trigger life threatening cardiovascular emergencies like strokes cardiovascular emerg

11、encies like strokes and heart attacks.Reducing your and heart attacks.Reducing your sodium intake through diet can lower sodium intake through diet can lower your blood pressure by as much as your blood pressure by as much as 25%.25%.高血压高盐饮食的第一个医疗后果是高血压。高盐的摄入量，导致水潴留和促进水分子进入你的血管异常。这个动作瞬间增加血容量和血压。血压突然

12、升高可能引发危及生命的心血管事件如中风和心脏病发作。通过饮食减少钠的摄入最高可以降低你血压的25%。2.Abnormal Heart DevelopmentA habit of eating salty food can also A habit of eating salty food can also heighten your risk of non-blood heighten your risk of non-blood pressure related heart diseases.pressure related heart diseases.Having higher than

13、 normal blood Having higher than normal blood volume means that your heart has volume means that your heart has to work much harder to provide to work much harder to provide proper circulation.proper circulation.Over time,your heart can become Over time,your heart can become abnormally large and you

14、r heart abnormally large and your heart valves can become thinner.An valves can become thinner.An enlarged heart is significantly enlarged heart is significantly weaker and can lead to symptoms weaker and can lead to symptoms like chest pains,breathlessness and like chest pains,breathlessness and ch

15、ronic fatigue.Fatal cases like chronic fatigue.Fatal cases like sudden cardiac arrest and heart sudden cardiac arrest and heart failure can also occur.failure can also occur.心脏发育异常一个吃咸的食物的习惯，也可以提高你的与非血压相关的心脏病风险。具有高于正常血容量意味着你的心已经加倍工作，提供适当的循环。随着时间的推移，你的心会变得异常大而你的心脏瓣膜却变薄。心脏跳动明显弱，可能导致像胸痛症状，呼吸困难和慢性疲劳等现象。

16、致命病例如心脏骤停和心脏衰竭也可能发生。3.OsteoporosisSodium inhibits your bodys Sodium inhibits your bodys absorption and utilization of calcium,absorption and utilization of calcium,leading to a loss of bone mass and leading to a loss of bone mass and increased increased porousnessporousness of your bones.of your bon

17、es.Women after menopause,diabetics Women after menopause,diabetics and elderly people who are already at and elderly people who are already at high risk of osteoporosis should be high risk of osteoporosis should be especially careful about salt intake.especially careful about salt intake.Having a hi

18、gh salt diet can drastically Having a high salt diet can drastically heighten your chances for fractures heighten your chances for fractures and other skeletal deformations.and other skeletal deformations.骨质疏松症 钠抑制你的身体对钙的吸收利用率，导致骨量丢失、增加你的骨孔隙率。绝经后的妇女，糖尿病患者和老年人这些高风险易患骨质疏松症的人应特别注意盐的摄入量。具有高盐饮食可以大大提高你的骨折

19、和其他骨骼变形的机率。4.Kidney DisordersExcess calcium and sodium that Excess calcium and sodium that are not used by your body goes are not used by your body goes into your urine.into your urine.This can increase the filtration This can increase the filtration load of your kidneys and increase load of your ki

20、dneys and increase the likelihood of crystal formation.the likelihood of crystal formation.Elevated blood pressure and Elevated blood pressure and blood volume are also extremely blood volume are also extremely damaging to your kidneys.damaging to your kidneys.肾脏疾病过量的未经利用的钠和钙进入你的尿液。这可以增加你的肾脏过滤负荷和增加结

21、石晶体形成的可能性。血压和血容量的升高对你的肾脏也是极具破坏性的。5.Dehydration and SwellingFeeling thirsty is a direct response Feeling thirsty is a direct response after having salty food.This after having salty food.This happens because excessive sodium happens because excessive sodium in your blood draws water out of in your bl

22、ood draws water out of your cells and into your tissues.your cells and into your tissues.Having fluid filled tissue makes you Having fluid filled tissue makes you look bloated and swollen,and these look bloated and swollen,and these symptoms are especially severe in symptoms are especially severe in

23、 the lower parts of your body.the lower parts of your body.Reducing your salt intake is an Reducing your salt intake is an effective way of preventing swollen effective way of preventing swollen feet,ankles and calves.feet,ankles and calves.脱水和肿胀口渴是一个直接吃了咸的食物后的反应。这是因为在你的血液中存在过多的钠，将水从你的细胞中抽出并导入到你的组织中

24、。具有流体填充的组织使你看起来浮肿和肿胀，这些症状在你身体的下部会特别的严重。减少盐的摄入是防止脚、脚踝和小腿浮肿的有效途径，6.Digestive DiseasesSodium regulates the acid-base balance of blood and body fluids.Too much salt can trigger acid reflux and cause heart burn and long-term damage to your upper digestive tract.Studies have shown that habitual intake of

25、salty foods is a strong risk factor for duodenal and gastric ulcers and cancers.消化系统疾病钠调节血液和体液的酸碱平衡。太多的盐会导致酸反流和导致心脏烧伤和长期损伤你的上消化道。有研究表明，经常摄入过咸的食物是十二指肠溃疡和胃溃疡和癌症的强烈的危险因子。7.Electrolyte and Hormone ImbalanceExcessive sodium can impact both Excessive sodium can impact both your electrolyte and hormone you

26、r electrolyte and hormone balance.Too much sodium can balance.Too much sodium can severely hinder the conduction of severely hinder the conduction of nerve impulses and induce nerve impulses and induce symptoms like dizziness,muscle symptoms like dizziness,muscle cramps and shakiness.cramps and shak

27、iness.You can also have impaired sensory You can also have impaired sensory response,feel disoriented or response,feel disoriented or develop other depressive develop other depressive symptoms.symptoms.电解质和荷尔蒙失调过量的钠会影响你的电解质和激素平衡。太多的钠会严重阻碍神经冲动的传导和诱发如头晕，肌肉痉挛和颤抖等症状。你也会有受损的感官反应，感到迷失方向或产生其他消极症状 In Contra

28、st HyponatremiaHyponatremia is the medical term for the is the medical term for the condition of low sodium levels,or not condition of low sodium levels,or not getting enough salt.Generally,athletes and getting enough salt.Generally,athletes and seniors are proneseniors are prone（倾向于）（倾向于）to this il

29、lness.to this illness.Athletes perspireAthletes perspire（流汗）（流汗）a lot,which a lot,which causes them to lose a lot of sodium through causes them to lose a lot of sodium through their sweattheir sweat（汗水）（汗水）.This is especially true.This is especially true of athletes who work out in very hot of athle

30、tes who work out in very hot conditions.With the world on a rash of“low conditions.With the world on a rash of“low salt and sodium diets,”it is important that salt and sodium diets,”it is important that you are careful not to eliminate too much you are careful not to eliminate too much salt from you

31、r diet.salt from your diet.Here are seven health risks that can occur Here are seven health risks that can occur from consuming too little salt:from consuming too little salt:医学术语低钠血症是由于体内钠水平低，或者没有得到足够的盐产生的。一般来说，运动员和老年人倾向于这样的疾病。运动员出汗很多，这使他们通过汗水失去大量的钠。非常热的情况尤其如此。随着世界上突如其来的“低盐和钠饮食”，不要从饮食中消除过多的盐是很重要的。由

32、于太少盐量，这里有七个健康风险可能发生。1.Muscle CrampsWhen your salt level is too low,your muscles begin to cramp up.This is due to the fact that your body is drawing sodium out of your muscles,which can be very painful.1。肌肉痉挛当你的盐水平太低，你的肌肉开始抽筋。这是由于你的身体正在从你的肌肉中丢失钠，这是很疼痛的。2.DizzinessDizziness can be caused by your sodiu

33、m levels being drastically low in your body.2。头晕眩晕可由你体内的钠水平过低引起。3.Unexplained FatigueUnexplained fatigue can stem from low sodium levels in the body which causes you to have very low energy levels due to the sodium deficiency.3。不明原因的疲劳由于体内钠元素缺乏，而导致精力不足，这会使你莫名的疲劳4.Loss of ConsciousnessWhen your sodiu

34、m levels are drastically low,this can cause you to lose conciseness.This creates its own dangers,such as collapsing in an unsafe area or when performing a task,such as driving a motor vehicle.4。意识丧失当你的钠水平明显较低，这可能会导致你失去意识。这将造成自身的危险，如劳累后坐在一个不安全的区域或执行任务时，如驾驶汽车。5.Breathing DifficultiesSodium levels in t

35、he body,when they reach their extremes,either extremely high or extremely low levels,can create difficulties in breathing.5。呼吸困难在体内的钠含量，当他们到达他们的极端，要么极高或极低的水平时，可以造成呼吸困难。6.ComaLack of the proper levels of sodium in the body can cause you to lapse into a coma after losing consciousness.This is a very s

36、erious problem and would require long-term medical treatment.6。昏迷在体内，缺乏适当水平的钠会使你陷入昏迷后失去了知觉。这是一个很严重的问题，需要长期的药物治疗。7.DeathIn very extreme cases,people In very extreme cases,people have even died due to have even died due to extreme sodium loss and low extreme sodium loss and low levels of sodium.Again,

37、levels of sodium.Again,however,this is a highly however,this is a highly extreme circumstance and extreme circumstance and does not occur very often,does not occur very often,likely due to the fact that likely due to the fact that people seek medical treatment people seek medical treatment before th

38、is can occur.before this can occur.7。死亡在非常极端的情况下，有人甚至死于过度的钠损失和钠水平过低。然而，这是一个非常极端的情况,并不经常发生，基于这样的事实，我们要在这发生前寻求医学治疗。Appropriate Levels of Salt According to the American Heart According to the American Heart Association,the recommended amount of Association,the recommended amount of salt that is essenti

39、al for health should be salt that is essential for health should be about 1,500 mg per day.Usually,about 1,500 mg per day.Usually,Americans consume 3,436 mg to 6,000 Americans consume 3,436 mg to 6,000 mg of sodium each day.If you need to mg of sodium each day.If you need to reduce your salt intake,

40、it is best to avoid reduce your salt intake,it is best to avoid canned and over processed foods,canned and over processed foods,because they contain an excessive because they contain an excessive amount of sodium and high calories.You amount of sodium and high calories.You can make a healthier choic

41、e by choosing can make a healthier choice by choosing a diet that consists of fresh herbs and a diet that consists of fresh herbs and organic foods.organic foods.根据美国心脏协会，盐，对健康是必不可少的推荐量应在1500毫克/天。通常，美国人每天摄入3436毫克至6000毫克的钠。如果你需要减少盐的摄入，最好是避免罐头和加工食品，因为它们含有过量的钠和高卡路里。你可以做一个健康的饮食选择，选择的新鲜的草本植物和有机食品。questionGenerally,a person requires salt 3g5g everyday.Do you know how much salt most people in china eat?-结果来自百度百科结果来自百度百科