Lecture1激光原理.ppt

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1、第一章第一章 激光的基本原理激光的基本原理本次课内容：本次课内容：绪论简介1.1 相干性的光子描述绪论简介光电子学是汇集光子学、电子学、光子技术与电子技术的一门学科光子学研究光子作为信息、能量载体的一门科学光子技术相干光的产生 激光原理激光原理 相干光的控制（调制、偏转），变换（频率）光电子技术光电子技术 相干光的检测及应用 光光 电电 子子 学学（技技术术）光电检测光电检测应用光电子技术应用光电子技术电子学；电子技术平时作业：平时作业：10 期末考试：期末考试：90 Academic Subjects in Optics ScienceAcademic Subjects in Optics

2、SciencelRay Optics (Geometric Optics)lWave OpticslBeam OpticslFourier Optics (Information Optics)lElectromagnetic OpticslGuided-Wave OpticslFiber OpticslPhotonic-Crystal OpticslStatistical OpticslResonator Optics and LaserlSemiconductor OpticslNonlinear OpticslQuantum Optics The Birth of the LaserTh

3、e Birth of the LaserIf-according to high-energy physics-light appeared 14 billion years ago,10 seconds after the Big Bang,then it is only fifty years ago that mankind consciously controlled and domesticated it.In 1916 in his seminal paper,Albert Einstein showed that light traversing a medium could n

4、ot only be absorbed but that it could also be amplified,an effect thereafter called stimulated emission.However,it was not until the 1940s and 1950s-notably with the work of Alfred Kastler and Jean Brossel(1948)-that the possibility of amplifying radiation was unambiguously demonstrated.The next ste

5、p was to make a“light”or radiation oscillator.It was first demonstrated in 1954 in the microwave regime(where the wavelength of“light”is around cm)by Charles H.Townes,Alexander M.Prokhorov and Nicolay G.Basov.(Maser)In 1958 Townes and Arthur L.Schawllow wrote the germinal laser paper,describing how

6、to build an optical maser.From then on,the possibility to tame light by demonstrating the optical maser was at the top of the research agendas for all major laboratories.But the road leading to the laser proved to be arduous and after few years,the pursuit became elusive and the interest started to

7、fade.Then,against all odds and out of left field,on the 16th of May 1960 at the Hughes Research Laboratory in Malibu,the crispy noise of a photographic flash announced the first coherent light gushing out of a ruby rod.Ted Maiman made a laser(originally named an optical maser)for the first time in h

8、istory.Kathleen Maiman and her late husband-Theodore H.MaimanNobel Laureates in the Area of LaserNobel Laureates in the Area of Laser1964:Charles H.Townes,Alexsandr M.Prokhorov,and Nicolay G.Basov For their theoretical work paving the way for the first laser made by Maiman.1966:Alfred Kastler For th

9、e discovery and the developement of optical pumping”technique.1981:Nicolaas Bloembergen and Arthur L.Schawlow For their decisive contributions to the laser spectroscopy and nonlinear optics.1989:Norman F.Ramsey For his invention of the separated oscillatory field method(atomic clocks)1997:Steven Chu

10、,Claude Cohen-Tannoudji,and William D.Phillips For the development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light.1999:Ahmed Zewail(chemistry)For the utilization of femtosecond lasers in the femtochemistry.2000:Zhores I.Alferov and Herbert Kroemer For developing semiconductor heterostructures us

11、ed in optoelectronics.2001:Eric A.Cornell,Wolfgang Ketterle,and Carl E.Wieman For the realization of the first BoseEinstein condensate in 1995.2005:John L.Hall and Theodor W.Hnsch For the developement of high-precision laser spectroscopy.2009:Charles K.Kao(Chinese University of Hong Kong)For his ach

12、ievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers.50 years of the Laser-La Ville Lumi50 years of the Laser-La Ville Lumi rereC.H.TownesN.Bloembergen Claude Cohen-TannoudjiAhmed Zewail H.KroemerC.K.Kao Kathleen Maiman Palais du Louvre(Palais du Louvre(卢浮宫卢浮宫)激光发展的历史回顾激光发展的历史回顾1917:爱因斯坦(A.Einst

13、ein)提出了受激辐射可以实现光放大的概念,导致激光发明的理论基础1917年以后近四十年内 量子理论的发展;粒子数反转的有效实现;电子学与微波技术的发展1954:美国汤斯(C.H.Townes)前苏联巴索夫(N.G.Basov)和普洛霍洛夫(A.M.Prokhorov)第一次实现氨分子微波量子振荡器(MASER)1958:美国汤斯与肖洛(A.L.Schawlow)提出了利用开放式光学谐振腔实现光振荡的新思想;布隆伯根(N.Bloembergen)提出利用光泵浦三能级系统实现粒子数反转分布的新构思1960.7：美国休斯公司实验室梅曼（T.H.Maiman)演示了世界上第一台红宝石固态激光器199

14、7:朱棣文、菲利普（W.D.Phillips)和塔罗季（C.C.Tannoudi)由于利用激光冷却和钳制原子的研究结果,共获诺贝尔物理奖几点启示:任何一项发明都是继前人研究的结果,不是凭空产生的 机遇偏爱有准备的头脑 大胆设想,勇于创新，勇于实践,锲而不舍中、英文参考书中、英文参考书：Amnon Yariv Quantum ElectronicsB.E.A.Saleh and M.C.Teich,Fundamentals of Photonics 2nd edition (Wiley,2007)；伍长征 王兆永等，“激光物理学”复旦大学出版社1.1 相干性的光子描述在波矢空间内区间内的体积为kxkykzk0删繁就简三秋树，删繁就简三秋树，领异标新二月花领异标新二月花。Thank you!请预习1.2至1.4（光的受激辐射放大和激光的自激振荡）