2017届高考英语-短文改错技巧.ppt

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1、高考短文改错高考短文改错2014-20162014-2016年高考新课标全国卷短文改错考点统计表年高考新课标全国卷短文改错考点统计表考点统计考点统计 看考向看考向 观变化观变化考点考点题量题量年份年份动词动词名词名词形容形容词和词和副词副词代词代词关联关联词词介词介词冠词冠词20162016全国全国2 21 11 11 13 31 11 1全国全国3 31 10 02 22 20 01 120152015全国全国3 31 12 21 11 11 11 1全国全国3 31 12 21 11 11 11 120142014全国全国1 11 14 41 11 11 11 1全国全国3 31 12 2

2、1 10 02 21 1合合计计15156 611117 78 86 66 6考情分析考情分析 找热点找热点 寻规律寻规律 短文改错考查学生在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性。设题一般包括词短文改错考查学生在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性。设题一般包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等。通常是学生在英语运用中常见的错误。法、句法、行文逻辑等。通常是学生在英语运用中常见的错误。通过对近三年的短文改错题的分析通过对近三年的短文改错题的分析,可以预测可以预测20172017年短文改错的命题年短文改错的命题趋向将主要体现在以下几个方面趋向将主要体现在以下几个方面:1.1.命题难度基本保持稳定命题难度基本保持稳定,体裁多以贴

3、近学生生活的记叙文、应用文体裁多以贴近学生生活的记叙文、应用文为主。文章一般为为主。文章一般为100100词左右。词左右。2.2.错误设置类型相对稳定错误设置类型相对稳定,常见类型有常见类型有:错词、多词、少词。错词、多词、少词。3.3.考查内容覆盖面广考查内容覆盖面广,分布合理分布合理,但有所侧重。从时态、语态、非谓语但有所侧重。从时态、语态、非谓语动词到各类词法动词到各类词法(包括动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、介词、包括动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、介词、关联词等关联词等)、句法等、句法等,均有所考查。均有所考查。4.4.考查考生对文章中心思想的把握考查考生对文章中心思想的

4、把握,以及对文章的整体理解与结构的以及对文章的整体理解与结构的分析判断。分析判断。二轮二轮英语英语动词形，动词形，名词数名词数还要注意形和副还要注意形和副代词代词格格，细领悟细领悟介词短语须关注介词短语须关注习惯用法习惯用法要记住要记住冠词连词常光顾冠词连词常光顾 A Limerick考点突破考点突破 攻考点攻考点 克难关克难关考点一考点一动词动词形形【典例典例1 1】(2015(2015新课标全国新课标全国)When I was a child,I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be When I was a child,I hoped

5、to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.happy there.剖析剖析:thinkthoughtthinkthought由上句中由上句中“When I was a child.When I was a child.”可知可知,此此处是陈述过去的想法处是陈述过去的想法,故用一般过去时。故用一般过去时。1.1.动词的动词的时态时态和和语态语态错误错误.2.2.主、谓不一致主、谓不一致的错误。的错误。3.3.动词的动词的及物不及物和非谓语动词及物不及物和非谓语动词的问题的问题【典例典例2 2】(2015(2015新课标全国新课标全国)L

6、ots of studies have been shown that global warming has already Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become.become.剖析剖析:去掉去掉beenbeen动词动词showshow与主语与主语Lots of studiesLots of studies之间为主动关系之间为主动关系,故此处故此处不需要用被动语态。不需要用被动语态。【典例典例3 3】(2015(2015新课标全国新课标全国)We must found ways to pro

7、tect your(yourour/the)environment.We must found ways to protect your(yourour/the)environment.剖析剖析:foundfindfoundfind情态动词情态动词mustmust后接动词原形。后接动词原形。二轮二轮英语英语【典例典例4 4】(2016(2016新课标全国新课标全国)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and

8、 high quality oil are using for cooking.are using for cooking.剖析剖析:.using.using 改成改成used used 因因be used forbe used for为固定搭配，意为为固定搭配，意为“被用来做被用来做考点二考点二名词名词 数数指指名词名词可数不可数，可数名词的可数不可数，可数名词的单单、复数形式、复数形式的用法错误的用法错误【典例典例1 1】(2015(2015新课标全国新课标全国)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.The airs w

9、e breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.剖析剖析:airsairairsair名词名词airair表示表示“空气空气”时时,是不可数名词是不可数名词,没有复数形式。没有复数形式。【典例典例2 2】(2015(2015新课标全国新课标全国)One day,little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.One day,little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.his parents were missing.his pare

10、nts were missing.剖析剖析:parentparentsparentparents由下文可知由下文可知,是父母两个人是父母两个人,所以用所以用parentparent的复数形的复数形式。式。.二轮二轮英语英语剖析剖析:honesthonest改成改成honesty honesty 由句意由句意“成功的关键是诚实成功的关键是诚实”，故，故用与名词用与名词the keythe key相对的名词相对的名词honestyhonesty作表语。作表语。【典例典例3 3】(2016(2016新课标全国新课标全国)My uncle tells me that the key to his su

11、ccess is honestMy uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest考点三考点三修饰名词，修饰名词，bebe动词，系动词要用动词，系动词要用形容词形容词修饰动词，形容词，过去分词，整个句子用修饰动词，形容词，过去分词，整个句子用副词副词比较级和最高级的使用（切记无比较级和最高级的使用（切记无双重比较双重比较）【典例典例1 1】(2015(2015新课标全国新课标全国)Lots of studies have been (been)shown that global warming Lots of studies have

12、been (been)shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.has already become a very seriously problem.剖析剖析:seriouslyseriousseriouslyserious名词前需用形容词修饰名词前需用形容词修饰还要注意还要注意形和副形和副二轮二轮英语英语.【典例典例2 2】(2016(2016新课标全国新课标全国)He hopes that his business will grow steadyHe hopes that his busi

13、ness will grow steady.剖析剖析:steady steady改为改为steadily steadily 修饰动词修饰动词growgrow，表示，表示“稳步地稳步地”发展，应用副词发展，应用副词steadilysteadily【典例典例2 2】(2015(2015新课标全国新课标全国)Much rare animals are dying out.Much rare animals are dying out.剖析剖析:MuchManyMuchMany名词名词animalsanimals为可数名词复数形式为可数名词复数形式,故用故用manymany修饰。修饰。【典例典例3 3

14、】(2015(2015新课标全国新课标全国)Dad and I were terrible worried.Dad and I were terrible worried.剖析剖析:terribleterriblyterribleterribly修饰形容词修饰形容词worriedworried要用副词要用副词,故故terribleterrible改为改为terriblyterribly。二轮二轮英语英语四四、代词代词格，格，细领悟细领悟1人人 称称代代词词主格主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they宾宾格格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them2物物 主主

15、代代词词形形容容词词性性my,your,his,her,its,our,their名名词词性性 mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs3 反身代反身代词词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves4 指示代指示代词词this,that,these,those,such,some5 疑疑问问代代词词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever6 关系代关系代词词that,which,who,whom,whos

16、e,as7 不定代不定代词词one/some/any,each/every,none/no,many/much,few/little/a few/a little,other/another,all/both,neither/either【典例典例1 1】(2015(2015新课标全国新课标全国)We must found(foundfind)ways to protect your environment.We must found(foundfind)ways to protect your environment.剖析剖析:yourour/theyourour/the根据句意可知此处的形

17、容词性物主代词应该与根据句意可知此处的形容词性物主代词应该与句子的主语句子的主语WeWe保持一致保持一致,故应用故应用our,our,或改为或改为thethe。【典例典例2 2】(2015(2015新课标全国新课标全国).his parents were missing.Five minutes later,Tony saw.his parents were missing.Five minutes later,Tony saw parents.Mom said,“How nice to see you again!Dad and I.”parents.Mom said,“How nice t

18、o see you again!Dad and I.”剖析剖析:sawsaw后加后加hishis由上下文可知由上下文可知,Tony,Tony看到的是他的父母看到的是他的父母,故故sawsaw后加后加hishis。二轮二轮英语英语【典例典例1 1】(2016(2016新课标全国新课标全国)He hopes that our business will grow steadily.剖析剖析:our our 改成改成his his 根据主语根据主语hehe可知，指可知，指“他的他的”事业，事业，用形容词性物主代词用形容词性物主代词hishis。考点六考点六、介词介词短语短语须关注须关注，习惯用法习惯

19、用法要记住要记住【典例典例1 1】(2015(2015新课标全国新课标全国)Unfortunately,on the development of industrialization,the Unfortunately,on the development of industrialization,the environment has been polluted.environment has been polluted.剖析剖析:onwithonwithwith the development ofwith the development of随着随着的发展的发展,为固定为固定搭配。搭配。

20、【典例典例2 2】(2015(2015新课标全国新课标全国)Tony saw a toy on a shop window.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.剖析剖析:oninonin玩具应该是在橱窗里面。玩具应该是在橱窗里面。主要考查主要考查固定短语，固定介词固定短语，固定介词的搭配。的搭配。二轮二轮英语英语【典例典例1 1】(2016(2016新课标全国新课标全国)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a s

21、hort period of timerich in a short period of time剖析剖析:在在dreamsdreams后加后加of/about of/about 因因dream of/about dream of/about doing sth.doing sth.为固定搭配，意为为固定搭配，意为“梦想做某事梦想做某事考点七考点七冠词冠词.冠词冠词a,an和和the的用法错误的用法错误 连词连词but,and,or,because,so和和although的用法错误的用法错误【典例典例1 1】(2015(2015新课标全国新课标全国)Now I am living in a

22、city,but I miss my home in countryside.Now I am living in a city,but I miss my home in countryside.剖析剖析:countrysidecountryside前加前加thethe句意句意:我现在居住在城市我现在居住在城市,但是我想念我但是我想念我农村的家。农村的家。in the countrysidein the countryside在农村。在农村。【典例典例2 2】(2015(2015新课标全国新课标全国).he quickly walked into the shop.A woman saw h

23、im crying.he quickly walked into the shop.A woman saw him crying and telling(told)him to wait outside a shop.and telling(told)him to wait outside a shop.剖析剖析:atheathe特指上文提到的商店特指上文提到的商店,故应该用定冠词故应该用定冠词thethe。六六、冠词连词冠词连词常光顾常光顾二轮二轮英语英语二轮二轮英语英语【典例典例1 1】(2015(2015新课标全国新课标全国)There the air is clean or the m

24、ountains are green.There the air is clean or the mountains are green.剖析剖析:orandorand根据上下文可知前后两句为并列关系根据上下文可知前后两句为并列关系,故用并列连词故用并列连词andand。oror表示选择表示选择,不符合语境。不符合语境。【典例典例2 2】(2015(2015新课标全国新课标全国)After looks(lookslooking)at the toy for some time,he After looks(lookslooking)at the toy for some time,he tur

25、ned around and found where his parents were missing.turned around and found where his parents were missing.剖析剖析:wherethatwherethat或者去掉或者去掉wherewhere根据句意根据句意“他转过身他转过身,发现父母不见发现父母不见了了”可知可知,此处作动词此处作动词foundfound的宾语的宾语,宾语从句句意完整宾语从句句意完整,不缺少成分不缺少成分,应用应用thatthat引导引导,that,that也可省略。也可省略。二轮二轮英语英语【典例典例3 3】(2016(

26、2016新课标全国新课标全国)My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.short period of time.剖析剖析:the the 改成改成a a 意思是意思是“在一段短时期内在一段短时期内”致富，表示致富，表示“一段一段”用用a a。【典例典例4 4】(2016(2016新课标全国新课标全国My uncle is the owner of a rest

27、aurant close to that I live.My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.剖析剖析:that that 改成改成 where where 介词介词toto后应是宾语从句，在从句中作地点状语，后应是宾语从句，在从句中作地点状语，用用wherewhere，意为，意为“的地方的地方”，close to where I live(close to where I live(离我住的地离我住的地方不远的方不远的)是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰a restauranta resta

28、urant。短文改错题是目前高考英语新课标卷的必考项目短文改错题是目前高考英语新课标卷的必考项目,而且所占分值也很大。该而且所占分值也很大。该题型旨在考查学生对错误的发现、判断、纠正能力以及对词汇、语法和语篇题型旨在考查学生对错误的发现、判断、纠正能力以及对词汇、语法和语篇三要素的把握能力。根据短文改错题的命题规律和考生答题时所暴露的问题三要素的把握能力。根据短文改错题的命题规律和考生答题时所暴露的问题,建议考生在复习过程中注意使用以下四个步骤和四种做题方法建议考生在复习过程中注意使用以下四个步骤和四种做题方法:1.1.四个步骤四个步骤 第一步第一步:浏览全文浏览全文,把握大意。把握大意。第二

29、步第二步:找出短文中的句号找出短文中的句号,把短文拆分成若干句子把短文拆分成若干句子,以句子为单位进以句子为单位进 行断句改错。行断句改错。第三步第三步:认真分析句子结构认真分析句子结构,从从“多、缺、错多、缺、错”三个方面入手三个方面入手,进行改错。进行改错。第四步第四步:重新通读自己改正过的文章重新通读自己改正过的文章,进行检查。进行检查。2.2.三种做题方法三种做题方法 (1)(1)每行或每句有无每行或每句有无“一致性一致性”错误错误:主谓是否一致主谓是否一致;指代是否一致指代是否一致;修饰语与被修饰语是否一致修饰语与被修饰语是否一致;前后时态是否一致前后时态是否一致;单复数是否一致单复

30、数是否一致;并列连词并列连词and,or,butand,or,but等前后的形式是否一致。等前后的形式是否一致。(2)(2)每行或每句有无每行或每句有无“搭配搭配”错误错误:动宾搭配动宾搭配;动词与介词搭配动词与介词搭配;介介词与名词搭配词与名词搭配;固定短语等。固定短语等。(3)(3)每行或每句有无每行或每句有无“词法、语法词法、语法”错误错误:冠词冠词the,an,athe,an,a误用误用;非谓语非谓语动词的误用动词的误用;引导词误用引导词误用;形容词与副词误用形容词与副词误用;时态、语态使用不当时态、语态使用不当;并列连词误用并列连词误用(and,but,or,so(and,but,o

31、r,so等等););名词单复数形式误用等。名词单复数形式误用等。总之总之,只要在平时的学习中掌握命题规律只要在平时的学习中掌握命题规律,讲究解题思路与技巧讲究解题思路与技巧,并能从具并能从具体语境、行文逻辑、习惯用法、句子结构等角度入手体语境、行文逻辑、习惯用法、句子结构等角度入手,对文章及句子进行分对文章及句子进行分析析,就能顺利改正错误。就能顺利改正错误。对点训练对点训练Passage 1Passage 1(2015(2015陕西陕西)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有下作文。文中共有1

32、010处语言错误处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加、删除或修改。增加增加:在缺词处加一个漏词符号在缺词处加一个漏词符号(),(),并在其下面写出该加的词。并在其下面写出该加的词。删除删除:把多余的词用斜线把多余的词用斜线()()划掉。划掉。修改修改:在错的词下画一横线在错的词下画一横线(_),(_),并在该词下面写出修改后的词。并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意注意:1.:1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词每处错误及修改均仅限一词;2.2.只允许修改只允许修改1010处处,多者多者(从第从第1111处起处起)不计分。不计分。My

33、soccer coach retired in last week.I wanted to do anything My soccer coach retired in last week.I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.My mum makes the better special for him at his retirement party.My mum makes the better biscuits in the world,so I decide to ask her for help

34、.Mum taught biscuits in the world,so I decide to ask her for help.Mum taught me some basic step of baking.I insisted on doing most of the me some basic step of baking.I insisted on doing most of the baking myself.I thought the biscuits were really well.My only baking myself.I thought the biscuits we

35、re really well.My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.them up.At a party,my coach,with a biscuit in his mouth,asked At a party,my coach,with a biscuit in his mouth,asked surprisingly who made t

36、hem and joked,“I might have to retire surprisingly who made them and joked,“I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.”again next year just get some more of these biscuits.”My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy My favorite picture at the party

37、 is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!the biscuits with happy laughter!答案及剖析答案及剖析:第一句中第一句中:去掉去掉ininlast week,next week,this week,that weeklast week,next week,this week,that week前不加介词。前不加介词。第二句中第二句中:anythingsomething:anythingsomething我想在他的退休晚会上为他做点儿特别的事情。我想在他的退休晚会上为他做点儿特别的事情。此

38、处是表示某件事而不是任何事情。此处是表示某件事而不是任何事情。第三句中第三句中:betterbest:betterbest由该句中的由该句中的in the worldin the world以及前面的以及前面的thethe可知此处要用形可知此处要用形容词的最高级。容词的最高级。decidedecideddecidedecided整个语境是过去整个语境是过去,因此要用一般过去时。因此要用一般过去时。第四句中第四句中:stepsteps:stepstepsstepstep是可数名词是可数名词,前面有前面有somesome修饰修饰,因此要用复数。因此要用复数。第六句中第六句中:wellgood:we

39、llgood此处作表语此处作表语,修饰修饰the biscuits,the biscuits,要用要用goodgood。wellwell用作形容词用作形容词时时,表示人身体好。表示人身体好。第七句中第七句中:afterwhen/while:afterwhen/while用用when/whilewhen/while引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句,表示表示“当我打包时当我打包时掉在了地上一些掉在了地上一些”,而不是在而不是在“我我”打包后掉在了地上。打包后掉在了地上。第八句中第八句中:第一个第一个atheathe此处特指前文提到的此处特指前文提到的his retirement party,his

40、 retirement party,故用定冠词故用定冠词thethe。getget前加前加toto由语境可知由语境可知,此处要用动词不定式作目的状语。此处要用动词不定式作目的状语。第九句中第九句中:enjoyenjoying:enjoyenjoying分析句子结构可知分析句子结构可知,介词介词ofof后是复合宾语后是复合宾语,用动词用动词-ing-ing形式。形式。Passage 2Passage 2(2016(2016新课标全国新课标全国2)2)下面短文中有下面短文中有1010处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。词。增加增加

41、:在缺词处加一个漏字符号在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),(),并在其下面写出该加的词。并在其下面写出该加的词。删除删除:把多余的词用斜线划掉。把多余的词用斜线划掉。修改修改:在错的词下画一横线在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意注意:1.:1.每句不超过两个错误每句不超过两个错误;2.2.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;3.3.只允许修改只允许修改1010处处,多者多者(从第从第1111处起处起)不计分。不计分。二轮二轮英语英语The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are

42、talking about how to do during the holiday.We can chose between staying at home and take a trip.If we stay at home,it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.But in that case,we will learn little about world.If we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we cannot

43、get from books.Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.I thought that it is a good idea.It does not cost many,yet we can still learn a lot.二轮二轮英语英语51.howwhat 句法句法错误错误。do后缺后缺宾语宾语，应应将将how改改为为what。52.chosechoose 句法句法错误错误。情。情态动词态动词后接后接动词动词原形。原形。chose的原形是的原形是choose。53.taketaking 词词

44、法法错误错误。between.and.在在和和之之间间，是固定，是固定结结构。构。and前后前后连连接的是并列成分。接的是并列成分。and前用了前用了动动名名词词(staying)，and后也后也应应用用动动名名词词（taking）。）。54.butand 行文行文逻辑错误逻辑错误。comfortable与与no need to spend money之之间间是并列关系，不是是并列关系，不是转转折关系。折关系。55.world55.world前加前加the the 词法错误。词法错误。worldworld是独一无二的是独一无二的事物，前面要加定冠词事物，前面要加定冠词thethe。56.you

45、rour 行文行文逻辑错误逻辑错误。由前面的。由前面的we go on a trip和和we can broaden可知，可知，应应把把your改改为为our。57.knowledgesknowledge 词词法法错误错误。knowledge意意为为“知知识识”，是不可数名，是不可数名词词，没有复数形式。，没有复数形式。58.去掉去掉can或者或者canshould 句法句法错误错误。suggest在此在此处处表示表示“建建议议”，后接，后接宾语宾语从句从句时时，从句要用虚，从句要用虚拟语拟语气，气，即即谓语谓语用用“should+动词动词原形原形”，should可以省略。可以省略。59.thoughtthink 句法句法错误错误。由前面的。由前面的suggest和后和后面的面的does not cost可知，此可知，此处处用一般用一般现现在在时时。I thought表示表示“原以原以为为，本以，本以为为”。60.manymuch 词词法法错误错误。cost表示表示“花花费费（时间时间、金金钱钱等）等）”时时，宾语宾语是不可数名是不可数名词词，故用，故用much。