图书馆案例.pdf

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1、A I A/C O T E T O p T E n G r E E n p r O j E C T s 2 0 0 8Cesar Chavez LibraryLocation:Laveen,AZ Architect:Line and Space,LLCO v E r v I E wThe Cesar Chavez Library is integrated into a park made of mounded earth adjacent to a large constructed lakea remnant from mid-20th century water attitudes.Un

2、like climates that will have rain every week,the desert is a unique circumstance that requires special consideration of water as well as energy conservation.The limitations imposed by the site,and these values,developed the innovations to be discussed in later measures.Full project profile:www.aiato

3、pten.org/hpb/overview.cfm?projectID=1060john Birkinbine(Tour Contact)Line and space,LLCTucson,AZ 520-623-overviewSuStainable DeSign intent&innovationregional/Community DeSign&ConneCtivitylanD uSe&Site eCologybioClimatiC DeSignlight&airwater CyCleenergy FlowS&energy FuturematerialS&ConStruCtionlong l

4、iFe,looSe FitwiSDom&FeeDbaCk loopSJury CommentS The library,shown at night in this photograph,borders an artificial lake and is built into the topography of the land.Photo:Bill TimmermanA I A/C O T E T O p T E n G r E E n p r O j E C T s 2 0 0 8Cesar Chavez LibraryLocation:Laveen,AZ Architect:Line a

5、nd Space,LLCSustainable Design Intent&InnovationThe desert environment presented several challenges that created opportunities for green building strategies.Extensive overhangs protect the building from solar heat gain and glare.Window walls provide daylighting and views to the outdoors.Roof-top rai

6、nwater collection provides water for irrigation,and low-flow fixtures indoors limit potable water use.To lessen cooling needs,the building was built into the site and bermed with excavated earth.overviewSuStainable DeSign intent&innovationregional/Community DeSign&ConneCtivitylanD uSe&Site eCologybi

7、oClimatiC DeSignlight&airwater CyCleenergy FlowS&energy FuturematerialS&ConStruCtionlong liFe,looSe FitwiSDom&FeeDbaCk loopSJury CommentS Large overhangs protect the building from glare and solar heat gain,as shown in this photo.Photo:Bill TimmermanA I A/C O T E T O p T E n G r E E n p r O j E C T s

8、 2 0 0 8Cesar Chavez LibraryLocation:Laveen,AZ Architect:Line and Space,LLCRegional/Community Design&ConnectivityIf the park acts as the backyard for an urban community,the library serves as its living room.with spaces for all ages,including a childrens area,a teen lounge to support the two nearby s

9、chools,and a 75-seat meeting space for the public,the library is able to accommodate many of the communitys activities.The librarys location near public transportation and two schools makes it possible to reduce automobile use.A carpool program and bike racks both provide incentives for alternate tr

10、ansportation options.The library uses 188 of the parks existing parking spaces,requiring only 52 new spaces to be provided.These added spaces are shared by the park and the library.Use other transport options:30%parking spaces per person:0.73overviewSuStainable DeSign intent&innovationregional/Commu

11、nity DeSign&ConneCtivitylanD uSe&Site eCologybioClimatiC DeSignlight&airwater CyCleenergy FlowS&energy FuturematerialS&ConStruCtionlong liFe,looSe FitwiSDom&FeeDbaCk loopSJury CommentS Bicycle racks,nearby public trans-portation,and a carpool program encourage patrons of the library,shown in this ph

12、oto,to use alter-nate transporation.Photo:Bill TimmermanA I A/C O T E T O p T E n G r E E n p r O j E C T s 2 0 0 8Cesar Chavez LibraryLocation:Laveen,AZ Architect:Line and Space,LLCLand Use&Site EcologyThe library was carefully built into the landscape,and construction was completed with little imp

13、act on the surrounding land.Much of the existing landscaping was preserved,and drought-tolerant plants native to the sonoran Desert were added.overviewSuStainable DeSign intent&innovationregional/Community DeSign&ConneCtivitylanD uSe&Site eCologybioClimatiC DeSignlight&airwater CyCleenergy FlowS&ene

14、rgy FuturematerialS&ConStruCtionlong liFe,looSe FitwiSDom&FeeDbaCk loopSJury CommentS The building is long and narrow to allow for maximum daylighting,and curves away from the lake,as shown in this drawing.Rendering:Line and Space,LLCA I A/C O T E T O p T E n G r E E n p r O j E C T s 2 0 0 8Cesar C

15、havez LibraryLocation:Laveen,AZ Architect:Line and Space,LLCBioclimatic DesignThe earth berms provide thermal mass used to moderate the buildings temperature,minimizing heating and cooling use,while providing privacy and noise barriers.Large overhangs extend the usability of outdoor spaces by provid

16、ing shade,creating a zone of thermal and visual transition.Overhangs also shade window walls that provide natural light to the interior of the library.The building is also designed with seasonal sun angles in mind,so the overhangs protect the building from the sun at all of the appropriate times.ove

17、rviewSuStainable DeSign intent&innovationregional/Community DeSign&ConneCtivitylanD uSe&Site eCologybioClimatiC DeSignlight&airwater CyCleenergy FlowS&energy FuturematerialS&ConStruCtionlong liFe,looSe FitwiSDom&FeeDbaCk loopSJury CommentS Earth berms,shown in this photo,provide thermal mass that he

18、lps regulate temperatures inside the building.Collected rainwater is used for irrigation.Photo:Bill TimmermanA I A/C O T E T O p T E n G r E E n p r O j E C T s 2 0 0 8Cesar Chavez LibraryLocation:Laveen,AZ Architect:Line and Space,LLCpercent of building area that is daylit:75%percent of building th

19、at can be ventilated or cooled with operable windows:0%Light&Airwithin the stack and reading areas,an open layout coupled with north and south win-dow walls provide daylight to more than 75%of the space and views to the outdoors.Task lighting is provided in locations where higher lighting levels may

20、 be necessary.The building is split into zones for heating and cooling,each with its own thermostat and controls.ventilation is provided through the mechanical system even when the cooling is turned off,and supply air is filtered and monitored for carbon dioxide.The exhaust air from the building is

21、used to temper an outdoor patio,making it usable for more of the year.overviewSuStainable DeSign intent&innovationregional/Community DeSign&ConneCtivitylanD uSe&Site eCologybioClimatiC DeSignlight&airwater CyCleenergy FlowS&energy FuturematerialS&ConStruCtionlong liFe,looSe FitwiSDom&FeeDbaCk loopSJ

22、ury CommentSBanks of windows,shown in this photo,provide daylight-ing for a reading room.Large overhangs prevent glare and unwanted solar heat gain.Photo:Bill TimmermanA I A/C O T E T O p T E n G r E E n p r O j E C T s 2 0 0 8Cesar Chavez LibraryLocation:Laveen,AZ Architect:Line and Space,LLCprecip

23、itation managed on site:100%Total water used indoors:1,233,379 gal/yr Total water used outdoors:732,663 gal/yrpercent of total water from reclaimed sources:37%percent wastewater reused on-site:0%Calculated annual potable water use:77.9 gal/sf/yrWater CycleThe responsible management of water,a scarce

24、 resource in the desert,is critical.An integral gutter collects rainwater from the 37,000-ft2 roof;the water is stored in the adjacent lake and used for irrigating the 40-acre park.This quantity of water is equal to the amount used for flushing toilets within the building for a year.water from patio

25、 and foundation drains is piped to trees surrounding the library,and condensate from rooftop mechanical units is used to irrigate the vegetated island of the new parking lot.A high-efficiency,automatic irrigation system distrib-utes harvested water to drought-tolerant trees and shrubs.The irrigation

26、 controller allows for seasonal programming,lowering water use by over 50%.Low-flow toilets,waterless urinals,and faucets with sensors reduce indoor water use by 30%,compared with a conventional building.overviewSuStainable DeSign intent&innovationregional/Community DeSign&ConneCtivitylanD uSe&Site

27、eCologybioClimatiC DeSignlight&airwater CyCleenergy FlowS&energy FuturematerialS&ConStruCtionlong liFe,looSe FitwiSDom&FeeDbaCk loopSJury CommentS rainwater is harvested off the roof through a large gutter,as shown in this photo.After it has been collected,this water is used for irrigation.Photo:Bil

28、l TimmermanA I A/C O T E T O p T E n G r E E n p r O j E C T s 2 0 0 8Cesar Chavez LibraryLocation:Laveen,AZ Architect:Line and Space,LLCEnergy Flows&Energy Futurestrategies for reducing electrical demand include:Earth Berms:Continuous earth berms along the west and east add thermal mass to over hal

29、f the Librarys wall area,reducing solar gain and overall conductive loads through the building.This results in less mechanical heating and cooling that would normally need to be provided.windows and Overhangs:proper placement of windows and use of protective over-hangs reduces the amount of solar ra

30、diant load through glass and provides natural daylight to interior spaces.This reduces the amount of conventional lighting fixtures that would normally be used.Economizers:Mechanical units are equipped with economizers that take advantage of the cool desert mornings and winters,to conserve electrici

31、ty.water Heating:Heating only the water in the staff areas significantly decreases the amount of water heated.Lighting:natural daylighting is supplemented with controllable high efficiency point of use lighting where needed for specific tasks.Base CaseDesign CaseTotal energy (Btu/sf/yr)53,03943,623E

32、lectricity (Btu/sf/yr)53,03943,623natural gas (Btu/sf/yr)Other:(Btu/sf/yr)Heating(Btu/sf/yr)2,544 2,124 Cooling(Btu/sf/yr)21,39514,587Cooling capacity (sf/ton)304490Lighting load connected(w/sf)1.51.47Lighting load after controls(w/sf)1.3plug load(w/sf).75peak electricity demand(w/sf)138.7115.3EnERg

33、y PERFoRmAnCE ratingsEpA:79HErs:percent total energy savings:18percent on-site renewable energy:0percent grid-supplied renewable energy:0overviewSuStainable DeSign intent&innovationregional/Community DeSign&ConneCtivitylanD uSe&Site eCologybioClimatiC DeSignlight&airwater CyCleenergy FlowS&energy Fu

34、turematerialS&ConStruCtionlong liFe,looSe FitwiSDom&FeeDbaCk loopSJury CommentSA I A/C O T E T O p T E n G r E E n p r O j E C T s 2 0 0 8Cesar Chavez LibraryLocation:Laveen,AZ Architect:Line and Space,LLCmaterials&ConstructionMaterials such as concrete masonry,steel,and aluminum were selected for t

35、heir clean appearance,durability,low maintenance needs,recyclability,and local availability.The library has implemented an ongoing recycling program for staff and patrons.overviewSuStainable DeSign intent&innovationregional/Community DeSign&ConneCtivitylanD uSe&Site eCologybioClimatiC DeSignlight&ai

36、rwater CyCleenergy FlowS&energy FuturematerialS&ConStruCtionlong liFe,looSe FitwiSDom&FeeDbaCk loopSJury CommentS Many of the materials used in the building,including the concrete shown in this photo,contained recycled content.Photo:Les WallachA I A/C O T E T O p T E n G r E E n p r O j E C T s 2 0

37、0 8Cesar Chavez LibraryLocation:Laveen,AZ Architect:Line and Space,LLCLong Life,Loose FitThe open-plan design coupled with the use of durable,low-maintenance materials allows for long-term flexibility and adaptability,which could increase the service life of the project.The minimal use of interior p

38、artitions in public areas will simplify modifications to shelving and furnishing layouts as the library grows and changes to accommodate future needs.overviewSuStainable DeSign intent&innovationregional/Community DeSign&ConneCtivitylanD uSe&Site eCologybioClimatiC DeSignlight&airwater CyCleenergy Fl

39、owS&energy FuturematerialS&ConStruCtionlong liFe,looSe FitwiSDom&FeeDbaCk loopSJury CommentS Open-plan rooms,like the one shown in this photo of the book stacks,allow for flexibil-ity in the future.Photo:Bill TimmermanA I A/C O T E T O p T E n G r E E n p r O j E C T s 2 0 0 8Cesar Chavez LibraryLoc

40、ation:Laveen,AZ Architect:Line and Space,LLCCollective Wisdom&Feedback LoopsThe library is the result of successful collaboration between the client,the City of Phoenix,and the project team.During design,meetings were held with the community,including at the adjacent Cesar Chavez High school,to fost

41、er a sense of pride and ownership of the library.Early computer models allowed the project team to study the placement and integration of windows,overhangs,and walls with the solar angles on the site.The City of Phoenix engaged a commissioning agent to review the design of the library and verify tha

42、t systems were working as designed after construction.An energy-management system allows for local and remote monitoring by City staff.The library has been very successful for the City of Phoenix and is the third busiest library within the Citys system.overviewSuStainable DeSign intent&innovationreg

43、ional/Community DeSign&ConneCtivitylanD uSe&Site eCologybioClimatiC DeSignlight&airwater CyCleenergy FlowS&energy FuturematerialS&ConStruCtionlong liFe,looSe FitwiSDom&FeeDbaCk loopSJury CommentSThis psychometric chart shows the thermal comfort zones for the building.Rendering:Line and Space,LLCA I

44、A/C O T E T O p T E n G r E E n p r O j E C T s 2 0 0 8Cesar Chavez LibraryLocation:Laveen,AZ Architect:Line and Space,LLC“This was a difficult context and it was a design/build project.”marvin malecha“This abutted a park and existing waterway.Lawn and water in the desert can be inappro-priate,but t

45、his was existingthe architects have contributed to the maintenance of park environment.”glenn murcutt“socially,the use was a strength there.They really addressed community issues through the architecture.”Rebecca Henn“we saw leadership on the part of the city here,given the selection of this site fo

46、r this buildingits in a place where it can help solve a problem.Theres a 37,000 square foot roofscape that is a part of irrigating a 40-acre park.we felt this showed strong vision to solve multiple problems at once.This is an oasisa living room for a densely developed area.”Susan Rodriguezjury Comme

47、ntsoverviewSuStainable DeSign intent&innovationregional/Community DeSign&ConneCtivitylanD uSe&Site eCologybioClimatiC DeSignlight&airwater CyCleenergy FlowS&energy FuturematerialS&ConStruCtionlong liFe,looSe FitwiSDom&FeeDbaCk loopSJury CommentSLine and Space,LLCArchitectTucson,AZToni garveyPhoenix

48、Public LibraryOwner/developerPhoenix,AZwww.phoenixpubliclibrary.orgJon KolstadCity of PhoenixOwner/developerPhoenix,AZwww.phoenix.govArt JordanLinthicum Constructors,Inc.Contractorscottsdale,AZSandy HerdCaruso Turley scott,Inc.structural engineerTempe,AZTom ValentinoEnergy systems DesignMechanical e

49、ngineerPhoenix,AZKurt LaugholtzEnergy systems DesignElectrical engineerPhoenix,AZBill SchubertEnergy systems Designplumbing engineerPhoenix,AZDavid PickensKpFF,Inc.Civil engineerPhoenix,AZDon mcgannMcGann and AssociatesLandscape architectTucson,AZKelly Bauerrichard+BauerInterior designerPhoenix,AZwww.richard-John Wealerumsey Engineers,Inc.Commissioning agentPhoenix,AZPrimary Design Team members