高中英语必修四Unit-1-Learning-about-language课件.ppt

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1、 Unit 1Women of achievement Learning about language1 Find the word or phrase from the previous pages of this unit for each of these meanings.1._ close connection that people have with each other.2._ home made in a tree usually for a bird.bondnestDiscovering useful words and expressions 3._ organizat

2、ion with a special purpose,especially for research or teaching4._(of thoughts,questions,etc)to fill ones mind.5._ the period of time when someone is a childinstitutecrowd inchildhood6._ giving opinions openly and honestly7._ to move away from a place;to leave8._ happiness and health of people;money

3、paid by the government9._ task that requires a lot of time and effort.outspokenmove offwelfareproject2 Fill in the chart with the proper verb or noun form.verbnounverbnounachieveconnectbehaviourorganizebehaveachievementconnectionorganizationverbnounverbnounobservationinspirationspecializeargumentadv

4、ertisementpermitspecialistadvertiseobservearguepermissioninspireKey for Exercise 3:1.observed 2.worthwhile 3.argue 4.respectSubject verb agreement GrammarThe boy _ diving.They _ diving.Both Jack and Tim _ diving.All of them _ diving.Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.isareareisareFinish the following ex

5、ercises.The team _ some good players.(have)The team _ handsome.(be)hasareThe singer and dancer _ on the stage.isA knife and fork _ used to have meals.isBob Bob _ a worker.isMike Mike and Bob _ workers.areBoth Mike and Bob _workers.areNeither Mike nor Bob _a teacher.isNeither of them _(know)how to te

6、ach English.knows/knowNone of them _(know)how to teach English.knows/knowNeither of the rabbits _ handsome.Neither dog _ big.Neither of them _ big.isis/areNeither rabbit _ handsome.isis/are主主谓谓一一致致主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语和主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则。主谓一致语法中必须遵循的基本规则。主谓一致主要有

7、以下几种情况：主要有以下几种情况：二、意义一致原则二、意义一致原则三、就近原则三、就近原则一、语法一致原则一、语法一致原则一、语法一致一、语法一致主语为单数形式主语为单数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式谓语动词也用单数形式;主语为复数形式主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。谓语动词也用复数形式。e.g.I often help him and he often helps me.We often help each other.不可数名词不可数名词作主语作主语,谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数；可数名词的可数名词的复数复数形式作主语形式作主语,谓语动词谓语动词用用复数复数。二、意义一致二、意义一致主语

8、形式虽为单数主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数但意义为复数,谓语谓语动词用复数动词用复数;主语形式为复数主语形式为复数,而意义而意义为单数为单数,谓语动词用单数。如：谓语动词用单数。如：The crowd were surrounding the government official.人群包围了这位政府官员。人群包围了这位政府官员。Maths is hard to learn.数学难学。数学难学。三、就近原则三、就近原则就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最取决于最靠近它的主语靠近它的主语。There is a pen and two pencils on the

9、desk.桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。A or B Not A but B Either A or B Neither A nor B Not only A but also B+VerbThere/Here+Verb A and B.Not only you but also he is wrong.Neither you nor he is right.There are two shops and a cinema beside the railway station.Here is a map and a handbook for you.There is

10、one television and 56 desks in our classroom.注意注意:1.and连接两个或两个以上单数连接两个或两个以上单数名词或代词作主语时名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词有以下谓语动词有以下两种情况两种情况:1)and连接两个或两个以上连接两个或两个以上不同不同的人或的人或 物作主语时物作主语时,谓语动词用谓语动词用复数复数。如：。如：He and I are both students of this school.Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不饶人。岁月不饶人。2)如果连接两个或两个以上的并列结构如果连接两个或两个以上的并列

11、结构是指是指同一个人或物同一个人或物,或指同一概念时或指同一概念时,谓语动词谓语动词用用单数单数,这时这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。后面的名词前不加冠词。如如:表整体概念的并列结构表整体概念的并列结构bread and butter knife and forkiron and steel law and order配套事物：配套事物：a watch and chain a needle and thread The knife and fork is on the desk.刀叉放在桌子上。刀叉放在桌子上。2.主语后面带有主语后面带有with,along with,together wit

12、h,as well as,besides,like,without,except,including,but 等引导的短语时等引导的短语时,谓语动词必须谓语动词必须与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。e.g.The teacher,together with his students,is planting trees in the garden.老师和同学们正在花园里种树。老师和同学们正在花园里种树。E-mail,as well as the telephones,_ playingan important part in daily communicatio

13、n.is3.如果主语是不定式如果主语是不定式,动词动词-ing形式或形式或主语从句时主语从句时,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。What he is doing seems very important.他正在做什么看起来很重要。他正在做什么看起来很重要。Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福。为人民服务是我最大的幸福。4.用连接的并列主语被用连接的并列主语被each,every 或或no修饰时修饰时,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。Every boy and every girl in the class is dilige

14、nt.班里的每个男孩女孩都很用功。班里的每个男孩女孩都很用功。5.each of+复数代词复数代词,谓语动用单数。谓语动用单数。复数代词复数代词+each,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。Each of us has something to say.We each have something to say.我们每个人都有些话要说。我们每个人都有些话要说。6.不定代词不定代词 all,more,some,any,none等等作主语时作主语时,谓语动词视情况而定。可用谓语动词视情况而定。可用单数单数,也可用复数也可用复数;但当它指代不可数名词但当它指代不可数名词时看作单数时看作单数,谓语动词用

15、单数。谓语动词用单数。vAll the apples are rotten.vAll the apple is rotten.vNone of us are/is perfect.vNone of the money is left.3.Neither of us _(was/were)ready when the party began.4.None of them _(has/have)watched the talk show.have/haswas/were 1.None of these people _ doctors.A.has B.have C.are D.was 2.Neit

16、her of them _ a good singer.A.was B.is C.were D.is used to beCB7.复合不定代词复合不定代词作主语时作主语时,谓语动词谓语动词 用用单数单数。Someone is calling you.有人叫你。有人叫你。Nothing is found in the room.在屋里找不到什么东西。在屋里找不到什么东西。8.名词如名词如trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses 等作主语时等作主语时,谓语动词必须用谓语动词必须用复数复数;而形复义单的名词如而形复义单的名词如news,以以-ics结尾的结尾的学

17、科名称如学科名称如physics,politics,国名如国名如the United States;报纸名如报纸名如the New Times;书名如书名如Great Expectations远大前程远大前程,以及以及the United Nations作主语时作主语时,谓语动词谓语动词用用单数单数。如：如：vThe scissors are sharp.vNo news is good news.vGreat Expectations was written by Charles Dickens in 1860.Tom is one of the students who_ good at

18、playing football.Tom is the only one of the students who_ good at playing football.areis 注意注意 在在“one of+复数名词复数名词+关系代词关系代词”的结构的结构中，定语从句中谓语动词用中，定语从句中谓语动词用复数复数形式；但是若前有形式；但是若前有the only、将其限定为只有一个时将其限定为只有一个时,谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数形式。形式。9.集体名词作主语集体名词作主语,谓语动词可用单数，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数也可用复数,主要由句子的意思决定。主要由句子的意思决定。强调强调整体整体时用

19、时用单数单数,强调强调整体中的个体整体中的个体 的用的用复数复数。这类名词有这类名词有people,family,class,population,crowd,team,ground等。等。His family is going out.他们全家要外出。他们全家要外出。His family are all music lovers.他们全家都是音乐爱好者。他们全家都是音乐爱好者。The group _ made up of nine students.The group_ dancing happily.isare The team _ some good players.(have)The

20、team _ handsome.(be)hasareChoose the correct verb form to complete the following sentences.1.The research group (is/are)made up of five people.2.What (do/does)the group want for their lunch?3.Our family (is/are)not poor any more.4.He has to worry.His family (is/are)waiting for him.5.The class (is/ar

21、e)more than forty in number.isdoisareis6.The class (have/has)disagreed among themselves about where they should go and have a picnic.7.The government (has/have)spent more than two million yuan in planting trees.8.The city government (has/have)different opinions about next years plan.havehashave 注意：注

22、意：集体名词集体名词 people,police,cattle等在任何情况下谓等在任何情况下谓 语动词都用复数形式。语动词都用复数形式。9.The police_(is/are)searching for the thief.are10.有些名词单复数形式相同有些名词单复数形式相同,作主语时作主语时,谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有 means,deer,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,fish等。如：等。如：Not every means is useful.并非每种方法都有效。并非每种方法都有效。Not all means are useful

23、.并非所有的方法都有效。并非所有的方法都有效。11.表示表示一类人一类人的的“the+形容词形容词(分词分词)”作主语时作主语时,谓语动词用谓语动词用复数复数。The sick in the accident have been taken to the hospital.The lost have been found.12.表示表示时间、金钱、距离、度量时间、金钱、距离、度量等名词等名词作主语时作主语时,不管单复数形式不管单复数形式,其谓语动词其谓语动词用用单数单数。如：。如：Thirty years is not a long time.30年的时间并不长。年的时间并不长。Two hou

24、rs is enough for me to finish the work.两个小时对我来说完成两个小时对我来说完成 这项工作足够了。这项工作足够了。13.the rest of,half of,majority of,part of,a lot of,lots of,one of,a number of,a plenty of,percent of 以及以及分数词分数词等作等作主语时主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于后面谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名词的数名词的数,即即就近原则就近原则。如：。如：A part of the students have arrived.A part of the

25、apple has been eaten by the mouse.14.在表存在的在表存在的there be 句式句式中中,主语是主语是两个或多个并列名词两个或多个并列名词(短语短语),be的形式的形式与与最近最近的一个名词的一个名词(短语短语)保持一致。保持一致。There is a pen,two pencils and several books on the desk.=There are two pencils,a pen and several books on the desk.=There are several books,a pen and two pencils on

26、the desk.15.由由here,there等引导的倒装句中等引导的倒装句中,若主语不止一个时若主语不止一个时,谓语动词与谓语动词与最近最近的的主语保持一致。如：主语保持一致。如：Here comes the bus.Here is a pen and two books for you.16.用连词用连词 or,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also等连接并列主语时，等连接并列主语时，谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致。如：谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致。如：Neither you nor I am wrong.Neither I nor you are w

27、rong.Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music.Not only the teacher but also the students enjoy listening to the music.用所给动词的正确形式填空。用所给动词的正确形式填空。1.He as well as his two friends _(be)going for a picnic this Saturday.2.According to the report,three hours of outdoor exerc

28、ise a week _(be)good for ones health.isis3.The teacher,with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class,_(visit)a museum when the earthquake struck.4.70 percent of the students in our class _(be)girls.5.Most of his time _(spend)on computer games in the past.was visiting arewas spent6.The football team _(be)made

29、 up of 22 players and the team _(be)very young.7.Every man and every woman _(ask)to help when the earthquake broke out.8.Either he or you _(be)interested in playing football in our class.was askedareare is9.At present the police _(look)for the lost boy whose trousers _(be)blue.10.Physics _(be)diffic

30、ult to learn and every means _(try)to improve it.are lookingisare has been tried1.One or two days _ enough to see the city A.is B.are C.am D.be2.Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind A.is B.are C.am D.beChoose the best answer.A C 3.Not only I but also Jane an

31、d Mary _ tired of having one examination after another A.is B.are C.am D.be4.Not the teacher,but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film A.is B.are C.am D.beB B 5.Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday A.was B.were C.has been D.have been6.A woman with some children _ soon A.i

32、s coming B.are coming C.has come D.have comeA A 7.No one except my parents _ anything about this.A.know B.knows C.is known D.are known8.The teacher as well as the students _ the book already A.has read B.have read C.are reading D.is reading9.All but one _ in the accident A.was killed B.were killed C

33、.will be killed D.are killed B B A 10.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not been decided D.have not decided11.The number of people invited _fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;wereA C 12

34、._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;are C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;areC For more exercises,click here.All the scientific evidence _ that increasing use of chemicals in farming _ damaging our health.（2012 湖南）湖南）A.show;are B.shows;are C.show;is D

35、.shows;is答案：答案：D 解析：主语是解析：主语是evidence“证据证据(不可数名词不可数名词)”，所以谓语动词应用单数式，所以谓语动词应用单数式shows，宾语从，宾语从句的主语是句的主语是use“使用使用(不可数名词不可数名词)”，所以要，所以要用用is。高考解析高考解析The basketball coach,as well as his team,_ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.（2012 陕西）陕西）A.were B.was C.is D.are答案：答案：B解

36、析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语中解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语中心词是心词是the basketball coach，是单数，根，是单数，根据据shortly after the match可以推断出题干可以推断出题干时态是一般过去时，故选时态是一般过去时，故选B。One-third of the country _ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _ black people.(2011湖南湖南)A.is;are B.is;is C.are;are D.are;is答案：答案：A解析：本句意思是：这个国家的三分之一

37、解析：本句意思是：这个国家的三分之一被树林所覆盖，大多数市民都是黑人。根被树林所覆盖，大多数市民都是黑人。根据句意可知第一空表示一个整体，故用单据句意可知第一空表示一个整体，故用单数；第二空表示大多数市民，故用复数，数；第二空表示大多数市民，故用复数，即正确答案为即正确答案为A。Planning so far ahead _ no sense so many things will have changed by next year.(2011全国全国I)A.madeB.is making C.makesD.has made答案：答案：C解析：原句是动名词作主语，谓语动词用解析：原句是动名词作

38、主语，谓语动词用单数；强调客观事实，故用一般现在时。单数；强调客观事实，故用一般现在时。Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.（2010 湖南卷）湖南卷）A.is B.are C.has D.have答案：答案：C解析：根据动名词短语作主语，句子的谓解析：根据动名词短语作主语，句子的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除语动词用单数形式，由此排除B、D两项，两项，根据主语与根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除的主动关系，排除A项。项。Such poets as Shakespea

39、re _ widely read,of whose works,however,some _ difficult to understand.（2010 四川卷）四川卷）A.are；are B.is；is C.are；is D.is：are答案：答案：A 解析：主句中的主语应为解析：主句中的主语应为poets,谓语动词用谓语动词用复数，其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应复数，其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为为some of whose works，谓语动词也应是，谓语动词也应是复数。故选复数。故选A。Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one

40、 of the women who _ evening dress.（2010 全国全国卷卷）A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn答案：答案：B解析：首先解析：首先the only one of 为先行词时，为先行词时，定语从句修饰的是定语从句修饰的是one，即，即one是主语，而非是主语，而非后面的复数后面的复数women，根据主谓一致的原则，根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词应该用复数，排除谓语动词应该用复数，排除A，D。另外，。另外，从从is可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯，因此可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯，因此要用一般现在时，排除要用一般现在时，排除C，故选

41、，故选B。(10湖南湖南)Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A.is B.are C.has D.have (10四川四川)Such poets as Shakespeare _ widely read,of whose works,however,some_ difficult to understand.A.are;are B.is;is C.are;is D.is;areCA (10全国全国)Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who_evening dress.A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn BFor more exercises,click here.Homework1.Finish exercises on page 5.2.Finish exercises in workbook on page 43 using structures 1 and 2.