2023年情态动词只有情态意义.docx

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1、2023年情态动词只有情态意义 第一篇：情态动词只有情态意义 情态动词只有情态意义，即它所表示的是说话人对动作的观点，如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等。 情态动词的特征： 1.在形式上，情态动词没有实义动词的各种转变。 2.在意义上，大多数情态动词有多个意义。 3.在用法上，情态动词与助动词一样，须后接动词原形。 情态动词各自的基本意义及用法 一、can 与could用法对比表 对比点 can could 1、表“实力 Can you lift this heavy box? I couldnt understand what he said at all.2、表“答应 You can use a

2、different material instead.He said I could borrow his bike.3、“怀疑 No, no, it cant be true.What on earth can this mean? We thought the story could not be true.How could you be so careless? 4、can与be able to 区分 1.could代替 can，表示语气更为宛转。 Eg.Could I use your bike? Yes, you can.2.can(能够)=be able to(仅表实力时)，但b

3、e able to 表示一番努力后，才能做得到，且有更多的时态。 He was a good swimmer, so he _ swim to the river bank when the boat sank.A.could B.might C.shall D.was able to 二、may与 might用法对比表 对比点 may Might 1表“询问 May I ?(=Can I ?)Might I ?(=Could I?)(但比用may 更客气)1 2.表“允许 You may take the boy there.He told me he might come.(might 与

4、told相呼应) 3表“可能“或许 She may nor like this place.Im afraid he might not like this play.注： 1.May I?的答语。 2.may可表示期望或祝愿 May you succeed! 3.may(might)用于目的状语从句中 确定：Yes, you may.否认：No, you mustnt 不行语气强硬 No, you may not 或No, youd better not.The emperor gave them some gold in order that they might begin their

5、work at once.三、must与have to的用法对比表 对比点 must have to 1表“必需主观看法必需；没有过去式，可用于间接引语中。He told me I must do according to what he said.客观需要不得不，有多种时态。Its raining heavily, we cant go now.2.疑问句 Must I ? Yes, you must.确定 No, you neednt./ you dont have to.(不必)Do you have to go today? Yes, we do.否认句：You dont have t

6、o worry about that.四、need与dare的用法对比表 对比点 need dare 1.情态动词+动词原形 1否认式 2疑问式 He need not(neednt)go.-Need we do it again? -No, you neednt do it again.He dare not say so.2 Dare she go out alone at night? How dare you say Im unfair? If he dare do that, hell be punished.(条件句) I dare say.(固定用法) 2.行为动词+带to不定式

7、 1确定式 2否认式 3疑问式 He needs to go.He doesnt(does not)need to go.Does he need to do it again? No, he doesnt need ot do it again.He dares to say.He does not(doesnt)dare to say.If you dare to jump into the water from here, so dare I.3.did not need to do 表示过去没有必要做 She didnt need to attend the meeting yeste

8、rday, and she stayed with her children.(她没有参加) 五、should与ought to用法对比表 对比点 should ought to 1、表“应当 表劝告、建议 You should listen to the doctors advice.We should learn from Zhang Hua 表示“有责任有必要做某事 You ought to finish your work before you go home.We ought to help each other.2、表“估计 They should get home by now.

9、表示“特殊可能的事，可译为“总应当 If we start to work right now, we ought to finish it before lunch.(午饭前应当能干完) 注： 1、should还可在虚拟语气中的运用 2).留意：ought to的疑问式及否认式 -Ought he to go?-Yes, I think he ought to.No, he oughtnt to.否认式：ought not to a或oughtnt to do(不说ought to not do) 反疑问句：oughtnt _? 六、shall与will的用法对比表 shall Will 1

10、.征询对方看法或请求指示，用于第一、三人称： Shall I(we)? Shall he(she)? Where shall I(we)wait for you? 1 询问对方的意思或向对方提出要求： Will you(please)? Wont you? Would you like to?(用would替代will更客气) -Wont you go and see the film?你不去看电影吗？-Yes, I think I will.不，我想去。 2.表示说话人的“意愿有“叮嘱“警告“强制“承诺“决心等，用于其次、三人称，要重读。 You shall do what I tell y

11、ou(to do).我叫你干什么你就干什么。 Everything shall be done to save the ship.确定要全力以赴来挽救这艘船。表示“意志“意愿，用于各种人称： I wont do anything you dont like.我不会做任何你不宠爱的事。 Would表示过去时间的“意志“意愿 Shylock would not take the money earlier.夏洛克从前是不愿要钱的。 七：used to与would用法对比表 used to would 1.表示过去的动作、状态，重在与如今状况的对比，不愿定要有时间状语。 I used to play

12、 cards a lot, but now I seldom play.4 My hometown is not what it used to be.1.只表示过去动作的重复，有明确的时间状语 I would go to see my grandfather on Sunday when he was in the middle school.2.would 后只接表动作的动词，不接表相识或状态动词 He used to be nervous in the exam.2.表示过去的习惯有时可互换： When we were very young, we used to / would go

13、skating every winter.2.表示过去的次数时，不能运用： (We went to the Great Wall five times when we were young.(X)We used to go / would go to the Great Wall five times when we were young.注：used to do的否认式：usednt to do 或didnt use to do(usednt也可写作usent) 疑问式： Did you use to do ? Didnt you use to do? Used you to do? Use

14、dnt you to do? 情态动词表推想 情态动词表推想的意义： 1、大多数情态动词除表实力、答应、意志外，都可以表示推想，其程度有差异。按其可能性程度的凹凸排列为： Must will would ought to should can could may might 确定 完全可能 很可能 可能 有可能 2.留意区分情态动词的否认的含义： may not或许不、可能不 might not可能不 cant 不行能 mustnt不许、禁止 shouldnt不应当 neednt 不必 3.情态动词表推想具体运用：情态动词可以对如今、进行、过去推想 S主+情态动词+be+adj 对“性质“特征

15、的推想 S主+情态动词+be+n 对“职业“事物的推想 S主+情态动词+V原 对经常性行为的推想 S主+情态动词+be+V-ing 对进行着的行为的推想 S主+情态动词+have+PP 对过去的行为的推想 特别提示：情态动词表推想时 1、can只能用于否认句和疑问句 2、must只能用于确定句它的否认句和疑问句其实就用can来代替了 3、如句中有情态动词 + 完成时，定是对过去的推想。 4、句中如有表示不愿定的话语，如：I am not sure;I dont know 之类，常选may /might的各种形式 4.记住下面几组表示反劝的特殊的表推想的形式 1).could + have +

16、PP表示原来能做到，但事实上没有做到。He could have finished the task on time, but the heavy snow came.2).couldnt +have + PP表示原来不能做到，但已经做到了。She could not have covered the whole distance, but in fact she arrived ahead of time.3)neednt + have + pp表示本不必做的，但已经做到了。She neednt have attended the meeting yesterday, but she did

17、.4.)should/ought to +have + PP表示 该做而没有做 The plant is dead.I should/ought to have given ot more water.5)shouldnt/ oughtnt to +have + PP表示 不该做而做了。You oughtnt to / shouldnt have taken her bike without permission.5.记住下面对比： must只能用于确定句它的否认句和疑问句其实就用can来代替了 1.must + have + PP 表示对过去确定的推想，译为“确定是，准是 The road

18、is wet.It must have rained yesterday.2.can + have + PP 表示对过去的推想限于问句中Can she have said so? 他可能这样说吗？ 3.cant + have + PP 表示对过去的否认推想 He cannot have said such a foolish thing.情态动词表推想的反意疑问句 情态动词表推想的反意疑问句，简洁来说，就是以情态动词后的时态为淮，如句子里有明确的时间状语，则以其为准。以 must 为例： eg.1.You must be hungry now, arent you? 2.He must be

19、watching TV , isnt he ? Tom must have lived her for a long time, hasnt he ? 4.She must have arrived yesterday, didnt she? 注：如选择题中以She must have arrived yesterday, didnt she？为例既有didnt she又有hasnt she则以didnt she？为最正确答案 其次篇：情态动词教案 情态动词 1.概念: 情态动词: 表示说话者的某些观点或看法的词语.如 “能 , “或许 , “必需 , “需要 , “应当 等.2.情态动词主要

20、有: can, may, must, need, should, 这些情态动词后面 + 动词原形.3.用法 can 表示实力,意为能, 会.如: eg: I can play basketball.我会打篮球.-Can you play basketball ? 你会打篮球吗?-Yes, I can./ No, I cant.是的, 我会./ 不, 我不会. 表示怀疑、揣测，常用 be 连用, 放在否认句和疑问句中。如： eg: He cant be in the room.他确定不在房间里. 表示请求或允许, 多用于口语中, 意为可以, 相当于 may.如: eg: You can go n

21、ow.你如今可以走了. could 是can 的过去式, 表示过去的实力.如: eg: I could swim when I was a child.当我还是一个小孩子的时候我就会游泳了. couldnt: “不能 用could 提问确定和否认回答分别用 could, 和 couldnt.如: eg:-Could you skate last year? 你去年会滑冰吗? -Yes, I could./ No, I couldnt.是的, 我会./ 不, 我不会. may 表示推想, 意为“可能;或许 用于确定句中.eg: He may be a teacher.他或许是一个老师. 表示请求

22、、答应，意为可以 如: eg:-May I borrow your book? 我可以借你的书吗? -Yes, you can./ No, you mustnt.是的, 可以./ 不, 你你禁止借书.留意: 当由may 来提问的时候, 确定回答我们用Yes, you can.否认回答用 No, you mustnt. must 表示“必需、应当“； eg: You must do your homework.你必需做作业. 表示推想, “确定 常与be 动词连用.eg: He must be in the classroom.他确定在教室. must + not = mustnt 禁止 eg:

23、 You mustnt smoke.禁止吸烟. must 放于句首提问, 确定回答Yes, you must.否认回答 No, you neednt. must 与 have to 的区分： must强调主观的看法 have to 强调的是客观因素 eg: I must do my homework.我必需做作业个人看法 I have to go home now, because my mother is ill.我不得不回家，因为我妈妈病了客观缘由所导致 need 作情态动词运用后跟动词原形.You neednt come here so early. 作实义动词运用后接to do, He

24、 needs to drink some water.他需要喝些水.变否认句: He doesnt need to drink any water.变疑问句: Does he need to drink any water? Yes, he does./ No, he doesnt. should “应当 一般指应尽的某种义务 eg: As a student, we should finish our homework.作为一个学生，我们应当完成作业 练习： 1.Mr Wang _ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning

25、.A.mustnt B.may not C.cant D.neednt2.Must I saty at home, Mum? -No, you _.A.neednt B.mustnt C.dont D.may not3.Can you go swimming with us this afternoon? -Sorry, I cant.I _ take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill.A.can B.may C.would D.have to4.May I go to the cinema, Mum?-Cert

26、ainly.But you _ be back by 11 oclock.A.can B.may C.must D.need5.To make our city more beautiful, rubbish _ into the river.A.neednt be thrown B.mustnt be thrown C.cant throw D.may not throw6.May I go out to play basketball, Dad?-No, you _.You must finish your homework first.A.mustnt B.may not C.could

27、nt D.neednt7.Where is Jack, please ? -He _ be in the reading room.A.can B.need C.would D.must8.Who is the man over there? Is it Mr Li? -No, it _ be him.Mr Li is much taller.A.musnt B.may not C.cant D.neednt 9.These books _ out of the reading room.You have to read them here.A.cant take B.must be take

28、n C.can take D.mustnt be taken10.Mum, may I watch TV now? -Sure, but you _ help me with my housework first.A.can B.may C.must D.could11.The boy said he had to speak English in class, but he _ speak it after calss.A.could B.didnt have to C.might D.shouldnt12.Must we hand in the papers now? -No, you _

29、.A.cant B.may not C.mustnt D.neednt13.John _ go there with us tonight, but he isnt very sure about it.A.must B.can C.will D.may14.Even the top students in our class cant work out this problem.So it _ be very difficult.A.can B.may C.must D.need15.Put on more clothes.You _ be feeling cold with only a

30、shirt on.A.can B.could C.would D.must16.Its still early.You _.A.mustnt hurry B.wouldnt hurry C.may not hurry D.dont have to hurry17.May I stop here? -No, you _.A.mustnt B.might not C.neednt D.wont18.A computer _ think for itself, it must be told what to do.A.cant B.couldnt C.may not D.might not19.Co

31、uld I borrow your dictionary? -Yes, of course you _.A.might B.will C.can D.should20.Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A.must B.may C.can D.will21.Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short.A.neednt B.cant C.should D.may22._ I know your name? A.May B.Will C.Shall D.Must23.

32、You _ be more careful next time.A.have to B.may C.must D.might24.You _ miss the lesson, though we _ have it on Thursday.A.mustnt;neednt B.neednt;mustnt C.mustnt;mustnt D.neednt;neednt25.This pen looks like mine, yet it isnt.whose _ it be? A.must B.may C.would D.can26.What kinds of homes will we live

33、 in the future? Nobody _ be sure, but scientists are working out new ideas now.A.will B.may C.can D.must27.I _ like to know where you were born.A.shall B.should C.do D.may28._ you be happy! A.Might B.Must C.Wish D.May29.A teacher _ do every exercise, but a student must.A.may not B.neednt C.cant D.mu

34、stnt30.The matter _ be changed into a gas, but it _ be heated to its boiling point.A.may;neednt B.may;can C.mustnt;neednt D.can;must31.Teachers and students _ look coldly at you for a day or two, but there are friendly feelings in their hearts.A.must B.can C.may D.should32.Cars and buses _ stop when

35、 the traffic lights turn red.A.can B.need C.may D.must33.Do you think his story _ true?-I don think so.But it sounds good.A.must be B.may be C.can be D.has to be34.Look out!The knife is very sharp.You _ cut your finger.A.need B.must C.should D.may35.How long _ the book be kept? -For two weeks, but y

36、ou _ return it on time.A.can;may B.may;need C.can;must D.must;need36. May I have an apple, Mum? -Certainly.But you _ wash your hands first? A.may B.must C.can D.need37.There is a lot of smoke coming out of the teaching building there.-Really? It _ be a fire, most probably.A.can B.ought to C.may D.mu

37、st38.Shall I tell John about the bad news? -No, you _.I think that will make him sad.A.neednt B.wouldnt C.shouldnt D.mustnt39.Could I call you by your first name? -Yes, you _.A.will B.could C.may D.might40.Lets go to the cinema, shall we? -_.A.No, I cant B.Yes, I will C.Yes, thank you D.No, wed bett

38、er not41.-_ the man over there be our new teacher? -He _ be, but Im not sure.A.May;mustnt B.Can;may C.Must;cant D.Can;cant42.Someone is knocking at the door.Who _ it be? -It _ be Tom.He is still in the school.A.can;cant B.can;mustnt C.might;could D.might;may43.Lily finished _ the book yesterday.A.re

39、ad B.reading C.to read D.reads44.Susans parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool.It _ be very expensive.A.must B.can C.mustnt D.cant45.The room is so dirty._ we clean it? -Of course.A.Will B.Would C.Do D.Shall 第三篇：情态动词专项 情态动词专项 1.can 表实力能，会 She can drive, but she cant ride a bike.A com

40、puter cant think for itself.(不会思索) 可能，答应能够，可以 The noise outside has stopped , now I can get down to my study.-Can I use your telephone?-Yes, of course, you can.You can go out to play when you do away with your homework.有时会，间或，The climate of East China can be pretty cold in winter.Jogging can be harm

41、ful for the health.Even experienced teachers can make mistakes.London could be rather cold in summer while I stayed there.表温顺的叮嘱请做，得 Ill do the cooking, and you can do the washing.请你去洗衣服 You can go now.表示揣测可能 Can he be working till so late? Who can it be at this time of day? Can it be Tom? No, it cant be Tom.He is busy these days, so he cant come today.can 与be able to 的区分： The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but everyone was able to get out.(强调设法干成某事) 2.shall 用于一三