2015高考英语阅读理解解题技巧.ppt

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1、Welcome to My ClassLearning Tasks1.掌握高考阅读理解的解题技巧及策略 2.运用所学方法完成相关练习。v考生能读懂有关日常生活话题的简短文字考生能读懂有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，如材料，如公告公告、说明说明、广告广告以及以及书书报报杂志杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章中关于一般性话题的简短文章,并能从并能从中获取相关的信息。中获取相关的信息。v1 理解主旨和要义理解主旨和要义 v2 理解文中具体信息理解文中具体信息v3 根据上下文推断生词的词义根据上下文推断生词的词义v4 作出简单判断和推理作出简单判断和推理v5 理解文章的基本结构理解文章的基本结构v6 理解

2、作者的意图理解作者的意图观点和态度观点和态度 考纲要求考纲要求识别文体识别文体应用文应用文导语提携全文导语提携全文议论文议论文总总-分分-总总（论点论据结论）（论点论据结论）说明文说明文主题句主题句（首中尾）（首中尾）记叙文记叙文记叙文六要素记叙文六要素（一）题材选择：人文性，时代性一）题材选择：人文性，时代性 人与人，人与社会，自我教育感恩，励志，生活态度，人与人，人与社会，自我教育感恩，励志，生活态度，思维方式，价值取向思维方式，价值取向（二）体裁选择：四大主流文体（二）体裁选择：四大主流文体 议论文，说明文，应用文，记叙文议论文，说明文，应用文，记叙文（三）篇幅选择：（三）篇幅选择：文章

3、长度：文章长度：280350280350词词 题材特点主主 旨旨 大大 意意 型型事事 实实 细细 节节 型型 词词 义义 猜猜 测测 型型 题目类型题目类型 推推 理理 判判 断断 型型解题策略解题策略 跳读：跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答答whowho、whatwhat、whenwhen、wherewhere之类的问题最之类的问题最为有效。为有效。略读：略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，地、粗略地快速阅读，

4、目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答答whywhy、howhow之类的问题。之类的问题。精读：精读：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。掌握。方法点拨方法点拨先题后文法先题后文法:1.1.先读题时只能读问题或题干，不读问题后的选项。先读题时只能读问题或题干，不读问题后的选项。2.2.读题时要把问题记在心里，并带着这些问题去阅读短读题时要把问题记在心里，并带着这些问题去阅读短文。文。3.3.在带着问题读短文时，对文中出现的那些与问题有关在

5、带着问题读短文时，对文中出现的那些与问题有关的词句，用铅笔作些记号，以便为下一步选择作好准的词句，用铅笔作些记号，以便为下一步选择作好准备。备。4.4.读完短文之后，紧接着便选择答案。读完短文之后，紧接着便选择答案。主旨大意题主旨大意题可能是文中某个具体事实或细节可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。可能是从文中某些可能是从文中某些事事实或细节实或细节片面推出的错误结论。错误结论。可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。解题关键。找主题句，每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。干干扰扰项项1)Whatdoesthewritermain

6、lytellus?2)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?3)Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?4)Whatsthebesttitleforthispassage?主旨大意题主旨大意题的常见的提问形式的常见的提问形式:Eg.1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer.Besides,cigarette smoking also can caus

7、e other health problems.For example,it can give one a“smokers cough”.Finally,studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds.Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer,cancer,smoking is harmful.Is it worth it?议论文议论文总总-分分-总总55Whatisthemainidea?A.cigarettesmokingcancause

8、cancerB.smokingcancausethemostseriousandterribledisease(illness)C.smokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblemsD.smokingisharmful.Eg.2 Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation.He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard La

9、w School and,later,Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A.Tom,who had studied at Paris Universities for four years,moved to another university.B.Tom became a lawyer since his gra

10、duation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C.Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D.Tom received an excellent education.detaildetaildetail 文章中心是文章中心是论点论点，事实细节是，事实细节是论论据据或或主要理由主要理由；有关细节的问题常对；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可节及事实进

11、行提问，所提问题一般可直接直接或或间接间接在文章中找到答案在文章中找到答案。提问的特殊疑问词常有：提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,who,which,where,how,why等等。事事实实细细节节型型解题原则解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。事实细节题事实细节题范围过大、过小范围过大、过小。偷换概念。偷换概念。正误并存，某个分句是正确的。正误并存，某个分句是正确的。解题方法解题方法:原文定位法原文定位法。1.查读法：带着问题寻找答案，把注意力集中在查读法：带着问题寻找答案，把注意力集中在与与who,what,when,

12、where问题有关的细节上。问题有关的细节上。2.细心！细心！干干扰扰项项1）Which of the following statements is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3）According to the passage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)_?事实细节题事实细节题的常见命题方式：的常见命题方式：1.The terrible pain Kahlo suffered was caused by _.A.polio B.her bent s

13、pine C.back injuriesD.the operations she hadBorn in 1907 in a village near Mexico City,Frida Kahlo suffered from polio(小儿麻痹症)at the age of seven.Her spine(脊柱)became bent as she grew older.Then,in 1925,her back was broken in several places in a school-bus accident.Throughout the rest of her life,the

14、artist had many operations,but nothing was able to cure the terrible pain in her back.2.Kahlos style had become increasingly independent since the _.A.1930s B.1940s C.1950s D.1960s In 1929,she got married to Diego Rivera,another famous Mexican artist.Riveras strong influence on Kahlos style can be s

15、een in her early works,but her later works from the 1940s,known today as her best works,show less influence from her husband.生活生活常识常识上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系同位同位关系关系同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义定义猜猜How to guess the meaning of words?词义猜测型词义猜测型 同义法同义法常在词或短语之间有并列常在词或短语之间有并列连词连词and或或or，它们连接的两项内容在含它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的

16、或递进的，由此可以推测。义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。反义法反义法如如 hot and cold,give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。释义法释义法 对文章中的生词用定语对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。解解题题策策略略 情景推断法、代词替代法情景推断法、代词替代法等等词义猜测题词义猜测题的常见命题方式：的常见命题方式：v1)Theunderlined

17、wordintheparagraphrefersto/means_.v2)“_”couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?v3)Theword“_isclosestinmeaningto_.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“illiterate”A.repeatB.reiteratedC.uneducatedD.sickeg1:MostwomeninGhanatheeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandoldwor

18、ktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved(应得的，值得的应得的，值得的).解 释第四节eg2.TheoffspringofapairofbirdsleavethenestwhentheyarebigenoughtoflyAchildrenBancestorsCgenerationsDmatesEg3.Thereisa

19、stackofpapersonMr.GreensteachingdeskApieceBbalanceCmixtureDpile根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义推理判断题：推理判断题：高考重头戏，高考重头戏，2020个题中常有个题中常有6-86-8个，着重考查学生个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。以原文内容以原文内容为前提，据作者的为前提，据作者的观点理论观点理论（非考生观点）（非考生观点），客观地对文，客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释理的逻辑推断，做出一定解

20、释。推推理理判判断断型型透过现象看本质透过现象看本质，领悟作者思，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。度等。推理判断型推理判断型 常见的命题方式常见的命题方式：1.Thepassageimplies(暗示暗示)that_.2.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推论推论)?3.Whatistheattitudeoftheauthor?4.Whatisthepurpose(目的目的)ofthispassage?5.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?解题策略解题策略1.关键词对应法关键词

21、对应法选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项，同义替换项一般选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项，同义替换项一般是选项是选项2.绝对词否决法绝对词否决法all,only,must,always,never,themost,haveto,any,no,completely,none,hardly，definitely等等3.怀疑词判断法：怀疑词判断法：选项中含有不一定的语气词一般是正确答案项。语气选项中含有不一定的语气词一般是正确答案项。语气词：词：can,could,may,might,should,usually,moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,notnecessaril

22、y,possible,whetheror4.锅盖法锅盖法较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的，选项一般较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的，选项一般是答案项是答案项 eg1:If all the students in a class tried out for basketball,some would be very good players;others would be very poor;and many would be in between.But even the very poor players can become much better players if they

23、are guided in the right way,and with plenty of practice.It is the same with reading.46.With the example of basketball players,the author shows .A.why certain people are poor readers B.that there are differences in peoples abilitiesC.why some people are good basketball players D.that good basketball

24、players can be good readersEg.2 :Whyisntyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews？AllIreadaboutismurder，bribery（行贿），（行贿），anddeathFrankly,Imsickofallthisbadnews 根据能表达作者态度的词推断根据能表达作者态度的词推断38.Thisauthorsattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform 小小结结主旨大意题：关键句法主旨大意题：关键句法事实细节题：原文定位法事实细节题：原文定位法推理判断题：锅盖法推理判断题：锅盖法词意猜测题：上下文推断法词意猜测题：上下文推断法真题在线真题在线优化探究优化探究P209阅读理解阅读理解A*Learn to apply these skills to finish exercises on Reading Comprehension.Conclusion:Homework 完成优化探究P229跟踪训练。