《亨利菲尔丁》PPT课件.ppt

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1、Father of the English NovelFielding,HenryBrief Introduction about the authorFielding,Henry(1707-1754),English novelist,playwright,and barrister,who,with his contemporary Samuel Richardson,established the English novel tradition.Fielding was born at Sharpham Park,Somerset,and educated at Eton College

2、(between 1719 and 1725)and in law at the Leiden University.Brief Introduction about the authorBrief Introduction about the authorMiscellanies(3 volumes,1743)Two volumes of political journalism:The True Patriot(1745)and The Jacobites Journal(1747)The History of Tom Jones,a Foundling(1749)in the picar

3、esque(以流浪汉和无赖为题材的以流浪汉和无赖为题材的)tradition,involving the adventures and misadventures of a roguish heroAmelia(1751)Brief Introduction about the authorIn 1752 he returned to political writing as publisher of the periodical The Covent Garden Journal.However,illness forced him to relinquish his post as mag

4、istrate in 1753.Brief Introduction about the author菲尔丁自身生活非常穷苦，那就是他菲尔丁自身生活非常穷苦，那就是他为什么同情贫穷和不幸，在他的小说为什么同情贫穷和不幸，在他的小说中与社会不公和政治腐败抗争。作为中与社会不公和政治腐败抗争。作为一个受教育的人，他相信文学的教育一个受教育的人，他相信文学的教育作用。他分享了同一时代的英国启蒙作用。他分享了同一时代的英国启蒙思想家的观点，小说的目的不仅是搞思想家的观点，小说的目的不仅是搞笑，而是指导作用。小说的目标是展笑，而是指导作用。小说的目标是展现生活的忠实的图片，现生活的忠实的图片，“人类方式

5、的翻人类方式的翻版版”，教他们的纹路，以至教人们如何，教他们的纹路，以至教人们如何了解他们自己，他们正常和适合的方了解他们自己，他们正常和适合的方式。式。His works:nHis famous plays:nThe Coffee House Politician(1730)咖啡店政咖啡店政客客nThe Tragedy of Tragedies(1730)悲剧中的悲悲剧中的悲剧剧nPasquin 讽刺诗讽刺诗(1736)nThe Historical Register for the Year历史记事历史记事nHis Novels:nJoseph Andrews 约瑟夫约瑟夫.安德鲁安德鲁n

6、The History of Jonathan Wild the Great大伟人大伟人乔纳森乔纳森.维尔德传维尔德传nThe History of Tom Jones,a Foundlingn弃婴弃婴汤姆汤姆琼斯的故事琼斯的故事 nAmelia阿尔米亚阿尔米亚Writing Techniques and StyleHis method of relating a story:It may be told in a series of letters;It may be put in the mouth of the principal character;It may be told dir

7、ectly by the author.Writing Techniques and StyleHis two kinds of satires:1.humorous satire(the lighter kind of satire)-seems the best way to get rid of the follies of the general public.2.grim严酷严酷 satire-is used to lash the cardinal evils of the corrupt ruling class.(Jonathan Wild the Great)Achievem

8、ent in English novelAchievement in English novel Fielding has been regarded by some as Father of the English Novel for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.Of all the eighteenth-century novelists,he was the first to set out,both in theory and practice,to write specif

9、ically a“comic epic in prose（散文体喜剧史诗）（散文体喜剧史诗）,”the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.Achievement in English novel Before him,the relating of a story in a novel was either in the epistolary（书信的）（书信的）form(a series of letters),as in Richardsons Pamela,or the picaresque（传奇式流浪冒险的）（传

10、奇式流浪冒险的）form(adventurous wanderings)through the mouth of the principal character,as in Defoes Robinson Crusoe,Achievement in English novel Fielding adopted“the third-person narration,”in which the author becomes the“all-knowing God.”He“thinks the thought”of all his characters,so he is able-to presen

11、t not only their external behaviors but also the internal workings of their minds.In planning his stories,he tries to retain the grand epical form of the classical works but at the same time keeps faithful to his realistic presentation of common life as it is.Achievement in English novel His languag

12、e is easy,unlabored（自（自然的，流利的）然的，流利的）and familiar,but extremely vivid and vigorous.His sentences are always distinguished by logic and rhythm,and his structure carefully planned towards an inevitable ending.His works are also noted for lively,dramatic dialogues and other theatrical devices such as s

13、uspense,coincidence and unexpectedness.菲尔丁被认作是菲尔丁被认作是“英国小说之父英国小说之父”，因为他对现代，因为他对现代小说形式建立的贡献。他是在理论和实践上第一个小说形式建立的贡献。他是在理论和实践上第一个开始的十八世纪的所有小说家，特别是写了开始的十八世纪的所有小说家，特别是写了“散文散文体喜剧史诗体喜剧史诗”，给了现代小说以结构和方式。在他，给了现代小说以结构和方式。在他之前，小说相关的故事理查德逊的帕梅拉为代之前，小说相关的故事理查德逊的帕梅拉为代表的书信形式（一系列的信件），或者是或者是通表的书信形式（一系列的信件），或者是或者是通过主要人物

14、的讲述，例如笛福的鲁宾逊漂流记过主要人物的讲述，例如笛福的鲁宾逊漂流记的传奇式流浪冒险的形式。但是菲尔丁采纳的传奇式流浪冒险的形式。但是菲尔丁采纳“第三第三人称叙述人称叙述“，在这里面作者变为，在这里面作者变为“无所不知的神无所不知的神”。他所有的人物都思考思想，因此他能够不仅展现。他所有的人物都思考思想，因此他能够不仅展现他们外部的行为，而且也展现他们头脑的内部作品。他们外部的行为，而且也展现他们头脑的内部作品。在他的故事中，他试图保持古典作品的史诗形式，在他的故事中，他试图保持古典作品的史诗形式，但是同时对像他的现实展现。他的语言是容易的，但是同时对像他的现实展现。他的语言是容易的，流利的

15、和熟悉的，但是极度灵活和有力的。他的句流利的和熟悉的，但是极度灵活和有力的。他的句子是以罗技和韵律为标记，他的结构仔细地指向必子是以罗技和韵律为标记，他的结构仔细地指向必然的结尾。他的作品也是以灵活的，戏剧的对话和然的结尾。他的作品也是以灵活的，戏剧的对话和其他的例如悬念，一致而出乎意外。其他的例如悬念，一致而出乎意外。Achievement in English novelThe ThemesI n his wor ks Fielding str ongly criticized social relations in the contemporary England.Aristocrats

16、 and men set in authority embody all the evils;they persecute the heroes and obstruct their every move and action.His positive characters are al ways peopl e wi t h nat ur al,u n p e r v e r t e d f e e l i n g s.The ThemeFielding shows the 18th century love of satir e.H e hates that hypocrisy which

17、 tries to conceal itself under a mask of morality.In the evolution of the plots of his novels,he invariably puts such characters in positions which tear away their mask.H e displays almost savage pleasure in making t h e m r i d i c u l o u s.Tom Jonesthe plotthe themewriting skillsthe influenceThe

18、list of Main Characters and the RelationshipsSquire Allworthy Squire Western Bridget Allworthy Captain Blifil Tom Jones Sophia Western Honour Miss Western Benjamin Partridge Jenny Jones即即Mrs.WatersLord FellamarLady BellastonMr.Summer Master Blifil Black George Seagrim Molly SeagrimRoger ThwackumThom

19、as SquareSquire Allworthy was a benevolent gentleman of Somersetshire who lived with his sister Bridger Allworthy.One day,after he returned from London three months later,he found a baby in his bed,and named him Tom Jones.Squire Allworthy doubted that Jenney Jones who was the servant of school maste

20、r Partridge was Toms mother.Jenney did know who was the babys mother,but as she received a sum of money from the woman,so she had to admit she was the one,and Squire sent her to another place.As Partridge had relation with Jenney,so people doubt he was Toms father,and he was also driven away.Later,B

21、ridger married Captain Blifl,and had a son called Blifl.After the death of Captain Blifl,they lived with Squire,and Squire also claimed Blifl as his heir.Tom was naughty but kind and honest in nature,in contrast,Blifl was hypocrisy and selfish,but he pretended to be modest and respectful before Squi

22、re.Roger Thwackum and Thomas Square were their tutors.Because of Blifls position,they stood with Blifl and oppressed Tom.Squire Western had a beautiful daughter named Sophia.The three youngsters always played together.Sophia and Tom fell in love with each other.As Tom always came to visit George Sea

23、grim,the gamekeeper猎场看守人,he also fell in love with Georges second daughter Molly,and they had a relation.But at the same time,Molly also dated with Square,so Tom renounced with Molly.At the same time,Sophia fell from a horse,and Tom rescued her.As a result,they were much more closely than before.For

24、 the reason of fortune,Blifl pursuit Sophia,too.To get rid of Tom,he called his two tutors to speak ill of Tom before Allworthy.At last,Tom was driven away from home.Mrs.Western tried to make a match between Sophia and Blifl.To refuse her marrriage,Sophia escaped to London with her maid Mrs.Honour.O

25、n the other hand,Tom met Partridge,and travelled together.One day,the rescued a lady named Mrs.Water,and she was Jenney in fact.Tom sent her to a hotel,and was tempted by her.At the same time,Sophia and her maid arrived the hotel,and heard the scandal.With a note to Tom,she left angrily.Later Tom tr

26、ied to find Sophia,but he was foiled by another lady Bellaston.She gave him material support,and they had a relation.Lady Bellaston knew Sophia love Tom,so she tried to make a match between Sophia and Lord Fellamar.The lord even use unlawful way to try to persuade Sophia.Fortunately,Sophia was rescu

27、ed by her father.To escape from Lady Bellaston,he wrote a letter for marriage.Expectedly,she refused,so Tom got the excuse to cut the relation with her.Angrily,Lady Bellaston colluded with Lord Fellamar,and sent Tom to prison.Blifl bribed the lawyer and claimed Tom a murderer.Finally,Square confesse

28、d to Allworthy Blifls bad thing,and with other help,Tom was rescued.In fact,Tom was Bridgers son.Allworthy reclaimed Tom as his heir,and Squire Weatern agreed the marriage of Tom and Sophia.Originally entitled The History of Tom Jones,A Foundling,the book tells the story of the title character from

29、infancy through his marriage to the beautiful and virtuous Sophia Western,the pursuit of whom takes up much of the tale.Along the way,Fielding relentlessly satirizes the hypocrisy and vanity of most of his supporting cast.He shows that the lusty rascal Tom is,in fact,an infinitely better human being

30、 than the vicious pretenders who surround him and scheme against him while camouflaged in a thin veneer of artificial virtue.The hero overcomes not only all external plots and obstacles but,most importantly,his own weaknesses of character,to win both love and fortune.Writing Techniques of Tom JonesT

31、om Jones is a picaresque novel 流浪汉小说/流浪汉冒险记satirical and depicts in realistic and often humorous detail the adventures of a roguish hero of low social class who lives by his or her wits in a corrupt society.Eg:Mr Thwackum=thwack+um 鞭打“Various Characters is a new and extremely important feature.Henry

32、 wrote a total of forty-nine people,and depicted some of the major characters very profoundly and impressively.a unified narrative structure held together by a coherent authorial vision,and ordered by a consistent and intelligible system of values to which the characters and the actions could be ref

33、erred.(the third-person narration,)Influence of The History of Tom Jones A Founding Henry Fieldings Tom Jones is a classic of British literature,not merely in its own right but for the incalculable influence it has had in England,the United States and wherever else English is written.Published in 1749 as The History of Tom Jones,a Foundling,it was one of the first English works of prose that we now call novels.It was recognized as a masterpiece,and remains one to this day.