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1、语法填空解题技巧语法填空解题技巧语法填空解题技巧语法填空解题技巧Grammar Cloze TestGrammar Cloze TestGrammar Cloze TestGrammar Cloze Test高考真题剖析高考真题剖析考什么考什么?怎么考怎么考?考查点考查点卷卷文体文体年份年份无提示词无提示词冠词冠词冠词冠词介词介词介词介词代词代词代词代词并列连词并列连词并列连词并列连词从属关联词从属关联词从属关联词从属关联词其他语境填词其他语境填词其他语境填词其他语境填词2020年年全国卷全国卷(说明文说明文)/1/11全国卷全国卷(说明文说明文)11/1全国卷全国卷(记叙文记叙文)1/2/2
2、019年年全国卷全国卷(说明文说明文)11/11全国卷全国卷(记叙文记叙文)1/11/全国卷全国卷(记叙文记叙文)/1/2/2018年年全国卷全国卷(说明文说明文)/1/2/全国卷全国卷(说明文说明文)1/2/全国卷全国卷(记叙文记叙文)11/1/20212021年苏锡常镇一模年苏锡常镇一模年苏锡常镇一模年苏锡常镇一模(说明文)(说明文)(说明文)(说明文)1 11 1/1 11 1Page 4unlimited试题解读试题解读 在一篇在一篇200词左右的短文中留出词左右的短文中留出10处空白,处空白,部分空白不给提示词,要求考生只填一个词;部分空白不给提示词,要求考生只填一个词;部分空白的后
3、面给出单词的基本形式,要求考部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式,要求考生根据上下文写出所提供单词的正确形式。生根据上下文写出所提供单词的正确形式。解题四步走解题四步走提示:四步走归根提示:四步走归根到底其实就是到底其实就是寻找寻找依据依据每一个语法每一个语法填空的空格里所需填空的空格里所需的单词或短语其实的单词或短语其实都可以在都可以在所在的句所在的句子中或者上下文中子中或者上下文中找到它的依据。找到它的依据。解题步骤:解题步骤:1理理解解大大意意通通读读全全文文2确确定定词词性性分分析析句句子子3确确定定词词形形根根据据语语义义4前前后后连连贯贯检检查查搭搭配配纯空题试题纯空题试题1.Mary
4、beganthisworkfouryearsagoand_enjoyeditverymuch.2.Ilikethishousewithabeautifulgarden,butIdonthaveenoughmoneytobuy.it Skill1.简单句或者并列句简单句或者并列句缺主语或宾语,缺主语或宾语,一般填一般填_代词代词she1)Ihaveafewneighbors,buttheneighborsIhaveareverynice,eventhough_dontseeeachotherveryoften2)IgetnervouseverytimeIwatchthis.Itssodanger
5、ousandhardforhimtobalance.Hemayfalloffandhurt_(he).wehimselfEx1.Isatnexttothemanandintroducedmyself.Wehad_amazingconversation.2.youngman,whiletravelingthroughadesert,cameacrossaspringofclearwater._waterwassweet 2.如果空格后是名词或“形容词+名 词”,应应填_。anThe限定词限定词1.Ihadbeenlisteningtotheradioandreading_book.2.Iwant
6、toenjoymyworkandmakelotsofmoneyat_sametime.athe1.Ithinkitsagoodidea_youtocomebacktoChina.2.Thoughsheisagirl,sheisinterested_football.Skill2.介词的考查:多数情况下出现在固介词的考查:多数情况下出现在固定搭配中。定搭配中。forinItbeadj./n.forsbtodosthbeinterestedin.1._thehelpofDavid,Ihavemadearapidprogressonmymajor.3.当纯空格后的名词、代词或动名词不是作主语、表语,
7、也不是作谓语动词的宾语时,要填_。With介词介词 具体填什么介词,由介词与该名词的搭配及其意义来决定,也可能是由动词与介词的句式搭配来决定。1.Theyoungmanwenthome_ahappyheart.2.Nowadays,everyoneisused_playingsmartphones.withto1.Myfriendswalkedmetothebusstopandwaitedwithme_thebusarrived.4.如果纯空格前后都是结构完整的句子,这时要填_。until连词连词 转折:however,but因果:因果:therefore,so并列:并列:and1.Doyou
8、knowtheman_isspeakingtoDavid?2.InmuchofAsia,especiallyChina,Japan,Korea_Vietnam,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.4.Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,_hefeltveryhappysincethetreedid“grow”higher.whoandbutSkill1.简单句或者并列句中缺主语或宾语,一简单句或者并列句中缺主语或宾语,一定填代词。定填代词。Skill2.介词的考查;多数情况下出现在固定介词的考查;多数情况下出现在固定搭
9、配。搭配。Skill3.两个主谓之间如果没有分号或句号,很两个主谓之间如果没有分号或句号,很可能填连词。可能填连词。Skill4.冠词的考查;冠词的考查;a/an,the+名词前或者名词前或者形容词形容词+名词前。名词前。归纳归纳:无给定词题的解题技巧无给定词题的解题技巧【二】【二】给词题填空给词题填空谓语动词谓语动词谓语动词主要考虑时态、语态、谓语动词主要考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。从历年全国卷来语气、主谓一致等。从历年全国卷来看,考得最多的是一般现在时和一般看,考得最多的是一般现在时和一般过去时,且只需看看上下文中谓语动过去时,且只需看看上下文中谓语动词是用什么时态,跟着用什么时态就
10、词是用什么时态,跟着用什么时态就行了,十分简单。行了,十分简单。给词题填空给词题填空Ex1.Twoyearsago,theyoungman_(give)thebooktotheoldman.Ex2.Butnowthisproblem_(solve)already.1.谓语动词的解题方法谓语动词的解题方法:gavehasbeensolved 首先首先考虑提考虑提示词示词是否是否作谓语作谓语,如果是如果是就是要考虑它就是要考虑它的时态,语态和人称。的时态,语态和人称。2013广东广东Hewascookingsomedeliciousfoodinthekitchen.Suddenly,he_(fin
11、d)thathehadrunoutofsalt.分析分析在主语人称代词在主语人称代词he后作谓语,是后作谓语,是谓语动词;因谓语动词;因he与与find是主动关系,用主是主动关系,用主动语态,由上下文的时态可知,用一般过动语态,由上下文的时态可知,用一般过去时,故填去时,故填found。2015课标课标IItwasraininglightlywhenI_(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.分析分析当我在黄昏之前到达阳朔的时当我在黄昏之前到达阳朔的时候,正下着小雨。因前面候,正下着小雨。因前面wasraining判判断,此处用断,此处用arrived。1)Thesu
12、nwassettingwhenmycar_(break)downnearavillage.3)Mostofmytime_(spend)teachingyoungchildrennow.brokeisspent非谓语动词非谓语动词动词是作谓语用的,当动词不是作动词是作谓语用的,当动词不是作谓语时,而是作主语、宾语、定语、状谓语时,而是作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语时,该动词就要用非谓语形式:语、补语时,该动词就要用非谓语形式:todo(即用即用to+原形原形),doing(即即-ing形式形式),done(即即-ed形式形式)。根据三种形式的不同用法,以及非根据三种形式的不同用法,以及非谓语动词
13、与其逻辑主语的关系等来确定谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系等来确定具体用哪种形式。具体用哪种形式。1._(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.2.非谓语动词的解题方法:Walking首先首先考虑考虑提示词是否做非谓语,提示词是否做非谓语,如果是如果是就是要考虑它的逻辑关系就是要考虑它的逻辑关系(主动还是被动),(主动还是被动),进而进而来确定来确定它是它是用用现在分词还是过去分词,现在分词还是过去分词,还是用不定式。还是用不定式。例例2_(build)in1192,thebridgeisover700yearsold.分析分析句中已有谓语动词句中
14、已有谓语动词is,所以,所以build是非谓语是非谓语动词作状语;又因动词作状语;又因thebridge与与build是被动关系,是被动关系,故填故填Built。2014课标课标IButtheriverwasntchangedinafewdaysorevenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork_(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.分析分析句型句型Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.It是是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式,故应填形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式,故应填toreduce。比较等级比较
15、等级当括号中所给的词是形容词或副词,当括号中所给的词是形容词或副词,且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时,且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时,要根据语境,理解句意,若该词意思不要根据语境,理解句意,若该词意思不变,逻辑上讲得通,就很可能填该词的变,逻辑上讲得通,就很可能填该词的比较级或最高级。比较级或最高级。2014课标课标IFinally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris_(clean)thanever.1.Hewasverytired,buthefeltveryhappysincethetreedid“grow”_(high)2.Thew
16、aterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe_(sweet)highersweeter1.Wedranktogetherandtalked_(merry)tillfarintothenight.Ex2Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir_(nature)way.4.词类转换题词类转换题(构词法构词法)的解题方法的解题方法:merrilynatural如果空格处要填的词性与括号中如果空格处要填的词性与括号中所给词的词性不同时所给词的词性不同时,就要考虑就要考
17、虑构词法(词类转换)。构词法(词类转换)。1.Doyouknowthe_(deep)oftheriver?3.Thelittlegirlis_(extreme)eagertoknowtheresultoftheexam.depthextremely【一】WhenIleftfortheUnitedStatestostudy.Ihadbutterfliesinmystomach.IwasnervousbecauseIwasgoingto_1._newplacewithnewpeopleandnewcustoms.Icouldntevenunderstand_2._(they)language.Ev
18、erythingwasdifferent_3._myowncountry.TherewasnobodythatIcouldtalkto.Ijusthadmyhusband,_4._wasanewpersonforme,too.atheirfromwhoItwasasadmomentwhenIhadtosaygoodbyetomyfamilyandfriends.Ididntwant_5._(leave)myhometownbecauseI_6._(grow)upthereandhadwonderful_7._(memory)oftheplace._7._(think)aboutallthese
19、changesmademenervousandIwas_8._(worry)aboutmynewlife.Butstudyingabroadwasa_9._(decide)thatImademyself.Ihadtocontinueandacceptthechallenge.Ilookedforwardto_10._(visit)myfamilyinthesummervacation.toleavegrewmemoriesthinkingworrieddecisionvisiting 小结:小结:技巧技巧:把握全文大意,结合设题:把握全文大意,结合设题类型,划分句子成份,分析成份。找类型,划分
20、句子成份,分析成份。找复杂句、难句进行结构分析。复杂句、难句进行结构分析。【二二】Paper-cuttingisa(n)_1_(tradition)Chinesefolkartwithalonghistory.Paper-cuts_2_(use)duringfestivalstodecorategatesandwindows.Themaincuttingtoolsaresimple:paperandscissorsoraknife.Clevercraftsmenareverygoodat_3_(cut)inthethemeofdailylife.Whenyoulookatworkscreate
21、dbypapercutting_4_(careful),youwillbeamazedbythetrue-to-life_5_(express)ofthefiguresappearanceandthoughts.Althoughotherartforms,likepainting,canshowsimilarscenes,paper-cuttingstillstandsoutforitsbeautifullinesandpatterns_6_areallhand-made.Learningaboutcuttingapieceofpaper_7_(be)easybutmastering(精通精通
22、)_8_isverydifficult.Onemustholdtheknifeupright(竖直地竖直地)andpressonthepaperwithoutmuchstrength.Anycarelessnesswilllead_9_damagetothewholeimage.Craftsmentry_10_(create)acirclelikethemoon,astraightlinelikeastem(干干)ofwheat,andasquarelikeabrick.Theyhavetobecarefulandkeeppractisingtomakethescenesseemasalive
23、aspossible.Page 36unlimitedAyoungcouplemovedintoanewneighborhood.Thenextmorning,they56._(eat)breakfast,whentheyoungwifesawherneighborhangthewashoutside.“Thatlaundryisnotveryclean,”shesaidtoherhusband.“Theneighbordoesntknowhowtowashcorrectly.Perhapssheneeds57._(good)laundrysoap.”Herhusbandlookedon,bu
24、tremained58._(silence).Everytimeherneighborhungherwash59._(dry),theyoungwomanwouldmake60._samecomments.Aboutonemonth61._(late),theyoung woman was surprised to see a nice clean wash on herneighborslineandsaidtoherhusband,“Look!Shehaslearnedhowtowashcorrectly.Iwonder62._taughtherthis?”wereeatingbetter
25、silenttodrythelaterwhoPage 37unlimitedThehusbandsaid,“Igotupearlythismorningandcleanedourwindows!”Canyouseehowitmightbeagoodideatocheckfirsttoseeifyourwindowsareclean?Whatweseewhen63._(watch)othersdependsonthepurityofthewindowsthrough64._welook.Beforewegiveanycriticism,itmightbeagoodideatocheckourstateofmindandask65._(we)ifwearereadytoseethegoodratherthanjustlookforsomethingwronginthepeoplewemet.watchingwhichourselves