英语语音语调知识课件.ppt

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1、语音语调知识.语音语调知识1.发音器官发音器官2.音标音标3.音节音节4.单词重音规则单词重音规则5.句子重音句子重音1.6.音变音变2.6.1 元音的清晰度元音的清晰度3.6.2 音长音长4.6.3 失去爆破失去爆破/不完全爆破不完全爆破5.6.4 连读连读6.6.5 同化同化7.6.6 元音省略和弱化元音省略和弱化7.7.词尾读音词尾读音8.8.连读连读9.意群和停顿意群和停顿10.语调语调.影响英语发的影响英语发的主要器官：主要器官：唇、齿、舌、唇、齿、舌、腭、鼻腔、声腭、鼻腔、声带带1.发音器官发音器官.2.音标音标-元音元音单单元元音音舌舌位位前前/i:/i/e/后后/:/中中/:/

2、:/u:/u/双双元元音音合口合口/ai/ei/i/au/u/集中集中/i/u/Kingsoft 体体Jones体体/i:/e/:/:/:/u:/a/e/a/e/.辅音辅音发音方式发音方式发音方式发音方式辅音音标辅音音标数量数量舌舌边边音音l1半半元音元音w j 2鼻鼻辅音辅音m n 3爆爆破音破音p b t d k 6摩摩擦音擦音s z f v r h10破破擦音擦音 tr dr6.辅音辅音清清ptkfstr浊浊bdgvzdr清浊成对有清浊成对有1010双双清辅音：清辅音：h h浊辅音浊辅音 :r r l w j m n l w j m n 声带振动声带振动.Listening Exerci

3、se Sounds for information1.Thespeakerwantstohavealookatthe_.A.cartB.card2.Whatwasthegirldoing?A.Sopping.B.Sobbing.3.Themanmustbefondof_.A.writingB.riding4.Whatdidthemando?A.Hehitthedog.B.Hehidthedog.5.Theboyswere_.A.prayingB.playing6.Whataretheygoingtodo?A.Tryit.B.Dryit.Soundsinperceptionandproducti

4、on1.a.What does faith mean?Belief.b.What does face mean?Surface.2.a.How do you spell math?MATH.b.How do you spell mass?MASS.3.a.How do you like Rods place?Ive never been to his place.b.How do you like Rods plays?Most of them are very good.4.a.Did anyone explain the loss?Yes.It was a terrible loss.b.

5、Did anyone explain the laws?Yes.It was quite complicated.5.a.Wheres the other half?Its in the desk.b.Wheres the other hearth?Look for the fireplace.ListeningExercise Sound discrimination1.thinthing2.winwing3.ton tongue4.sanesame5.shesee6.yokejoke7.fin thin8.yetjet9.westvest10.worseverse11.truechew12

6、.twicetrice13.leafreef14.blightbright15.fleshfresh.3.音节音节1、音节、音节一般是以元音来划分的，一个元音就是一般是以元音来划分的，一个元音就是 一个音节一个音节 一个音节：一个音节：eye,friend 二个音节：二个音节：our,blackboard2、一些辅音因发音响亮（、一些辅音因发音响亮（成音节辅音）成音节辅音），也可，也可自成音节自成音节成音节辅音：成音节辅音：/l,m,n/bottle,people,cotton,bottom.3.1 音节的类型音节的类型-11、开音节：以元音字母结尾的音节、开音节：以元音字母结尾的音节hi,h

7、e relation,secret，notion2、相对开音节、相对开音节:以辅音字母和一个不发音的以辅音字母和一个不发音的-e 结尾结尾的音节的音节 name,scene,amusement 3、闭音节、闭音节:以辅音字母结尾的音节以辅音字母结尾的音节map,bag,dullvictory,umbrella,instruction.音节的类型音节的类型-24、元音字母组合音节、元音字母组合音节 wait,play,beneath,believe,snowy,surround,certainly 5、-r(-re)音节音节 various,serious,fire,our during /vr

8、is/siris/fai/au/dju:ri/6、成音节辅音成音节辅音音节音节:bottle,bottom,button.3.2 音节的划分音节的划分-11.在两个音节的相邻处有在两个音节的相邻处有两个两个辅音字母（辅音字母组合辅音字母（辅音字母组合和和r除外），一般一个属于前一音节，一个属后面音除外），一般一个属于前一音节，一个属后面音节。例：节。例：let-ter,Eng-lish,ap-ple。2.在两个音节的相邻处只有在两个音节的相邻处只有一个一个辅音字母时，一般这辅音字母时，一般这个辅音字母属个辅音字母属后后一音节，例：一音节，例：stu-dent,lo-tus。3.在两个音节相邻处

9、有在两个音节相邻处有两个两个r时，一个属前一音节，时，一个属前一音节，一个属后一音节，前面的元音节按闭音节读音，例：一个属后一音节，前面的元音节按闭音节读音，例：sor-ry,mar-ry,mir-ror,bor-row.音节的划分音节的划分-24.相邻音节是相邻音节是元音字母元音字母+r+其它其它辅音辅音字母时，元音字母时，元音字母字母+r属于前面的重读音节，例：属于前面的重读音节，例：fur-ther,cir-cle5.相邻的音节是相邻的音节是元音元音字母字母+r+其它其它元音元音字母时，字母时，r属属于前面的重读音节，于前面的重读音节，按按re音节音节的规则读音，例：的规则读音，例：du

10、r-ing,ser-ious。6.有有字母组合字母组合的单词划分音节时，一定要将字母组的单词划分音节时，一定要将字母组合划在合划在一个音节内一个音节内，例：，例：neigh-bour,plea-sure.给下列双音节词划分音节，并标出重读音节vlocal pare15.connect16.enlarge17.employ18.expense19.inform20.mistake21.prepare22.repeat23.depend24.perfect(v.)25.import(v.)26.present(v.)27.object(v.)28.protest(n.)29.herself30.m

11、achine单词的重读规则.4.音节的重读规则音节的重读规则-1一、单音节：重读一、单音节：重读二、双音节词二、双音节词1 1、大多数词的重音在第一音节上；、大多数词的重音在第一音节上；2 2、重音在第二个音节上的规律：、重音在第二个音节上的规律：1 1）单词有前缀）单词有前缀:alike,mistake:alike,mistake 2)2)与名词或形容词同形的动词与名词或形容词同形的动词 increase,perfect,object,recordincrease,perfect,object,record 3)3)反身代词反身代词 4 4）少数来自法语的词汇：）少数来自法语的词汇：mach

12、ine,police,machine,police,hotelhotel.音节的重读规则音节的重读规则-2三、多音节词三、多音节词1、重音一般在倒数第二个音节、重音一般在倒数第二个音节remember,establish,important2、有前缀的，重音在词根上，即在前缀后的音节、有前缀的，重音在词根上，即在前缀后的音节determine,encourage,invisible,inadequate,3、带有后缀的多音节词的重音在后缀前一个音节上、带有后缀的多音节词的重音在后缀前一个音节上musician,politician,energetic,electricity4、下列后缀重读、下

13、列后缀重读 -ee employee,interviewee,trainee -eer engineer,volunteer5、下列后缀前两个音节重读、下列后缀前两个音节重读-tive negative,relative.Read aloud 重读音节重读音节1.reality2.conflict3.affect mitment19.essential20.distributor.5.句子重音1、实义词重读名词、实义动词、形容词、副词、感叹词和某些代词（指示代词、反身代词、不定代词和疑问代词）2、功能词不重读冠词、助动词、情态动词、人称代词、物主代词、关系代词、联系动词、连词和介词（单音节介词

14、）.Therearecertain“safe”topicsthatpeopleusuallymakesmalltalksabout.Theweatherisprobablythenumberonethingthatpeoplewhodonotknoweachotherwilldiscuss.Anothertopicthatisgenerallysafeiscurrentevents.Aslongasyouarenotdiscussingacontroversialissue,suchasarecentlawconcerningequalrights,itisusuallysafetodiscu

15、ssthenews.6.音的变化音的变化元音：清晰度音长变化省略、弱化辅音：浊化同化失去爆破在朗读中，英语的元音和辅音音素会发生变化。在朗读中，英语的元音和辅音音素会发生变化。在朗读中，英语的元音和辅音音素会发生变化。在朗读中，英语的元音和辅音音素会发生变化。.6.1 元音的清晰度元音的清晰度1、amount,delay,export,authentic【元音在重读音节前,发音模糊】2、corporate,popular,family,favorite,dictionary【连续两个或几个轻读音节结尾，前面的轻读音节模糊】.6.2 音长音长音长：重读音节中元音的长短音节内后面没有辅音 后面有浊

16、辅音 后面有清辅音staystayedstateteateamteachmusicamusecute.6.3 省略与省略与弱化弱化省略省略:在多音节的词中，非重读音节的元音/或或/i/会被省略会被省略factory,history,university,seldom,practical缩略与弱化缩略与弱化：youre,Id like to,Ill，Theyve.1.a/eI/Wevegotadog.2.an/n/n/Takeanapple.3.her/h:/h/,/:/,/Whatshername?4.his/hIz/Iz/Johnhadhishaircut.5.our/a/:/Wecando

17、itonourown.6.some/sm/sm/,/sm/Getmesomewater.7.the/i:/I/,/Theysawtheyoungandtheold.8.your/j:/j/Takeyourtime.9.he/hi:/hI/,/I/Whatdidhedo?10.me/mi:/mI/Letmehavealook.11.she/i:/I/Didshecome?12.them/em/m/,/m/Letthemgo.13.us/s/s/Hetoldusastory.14.we/wi:/wI/Hereweare.WordsSFWF Samplesentence.15.you/ju:/j/D

18、idyouseemypen?16.him/hIm/Im/Givehimapen.17.am/m/m/,/m/Improudofit.18.are/:/Whatareyoudoing?19.be/bi:/bI/Dontbelate.20.can/kn/kn/,/kn/WhatcanIdo?21.do/du:/d/,/d/WhatdoyoudoonSundays?22.does/dz/dz/Whendoesthetrainleave?23.had/hd/hd/,/d/,/d/Howmanyhadhehad?24.has/hz/hz/,/z/,/z/,/s/Whathashappened?25.ha

19、ve/hv/hv/,/v/,/v/Thekidshavegone.26.is/Iz/z/,/s/Heiscoming.27.must/mst/mst/,/ms/Wemustgonow.28.shall/l/l/,/l/Whatshallwedo?WordsSFWFSamplesentence.WordsSFWeakformSamplesentence29.was/wz/wz/,/wz/Hewasout.30.were/w:/w/Wewerealllate.31.will/wIl/wl/,/l/Thatwilldo.32At/t/t/Lookathim.33.for/f:/f/Isitforme

20、?34.from/frm/frm/,/frm/Theycomefromthestates.35.of/v/v/,/v/,/f/Itsverykindofyou.36.to/tu:/t/Youdonthavetoworry.37.and/nd/nd/,/n/,/nd/,/n/Wehadfishandchips.38.as/z/z/Justasyoulike.39.but/bt/bt/Itsgoodbutexpensive.40.so/s/s/Itsnotsocoldhere.41.than/n/n/Itsbiggerthanthis.42.that/t/t/Hesaidthathewascomi

21、ng.6.4 6.4 失去爆破失去爆破/不完全爆破不完全爆破在单词、短语或句子中，爆破音在下列辅音前失去在单词、短语或句子中，爆破音在下列辅音前失去爆破或不完全爆破爆破或不完全爆破1、爆破音、爆破音 active,advise,a good girl2、摩擦音、摩擦音 friendship,old friends3、破擦音、破擦音 great changes,picture4、鼻音、鼻音 good morning,important notice5、舌边音、舌边音 at least,hardly,the second longest.6.5 浊化浊化一般在重读音节，清辅音/p/,/t/,/k/

22、在/s/音后读其对应的浊辅音/b/,/d/,/g/student/stju:dnt/,distinguishexcuse,discussspeak,expand.6.6 同化同化同化：一个音因为受了另外一个邻音的影响而发成了这两个音之外的第三个音。education/edjukeieducation/edjukei n n/e/eukeiukei n n/issue/isju:/i issue/isju:/iu:/u:/length/le length/le/le/len n/Did you see him?/did ju si:(h)im/did Did you see him?/did j

23、u si:(h)im/did u si:(h)im/u si:(h)im/.7.词尾读音asksstopsmonthsthanksstaysdogsclothessavesrisesvoiceshazeshousescatsrightscorrectswritescrowdsaddsguardsbeds/s/s/z/z/iz/iz/./d/d/t/t/id/id/closedfilledarrangedstayedcleanedfixedwatchedpassedblushedaskedaddedplantedhatedpattedwanted-d,-ed的读音.-r,-er 的读音的读音/r

24、/sharpenersuppliersellerheavierthinnerrarerpoorerclevererclearersinger/si/longer/l/.8.连读连读1、辅音、辅音+元音元音come in take it away,in an hour2、r+元音元音after all remember it for example a pair of shoes3、元音、元音+元音元音1)当前面的单词以当前面的单词以/i:/i/ai/ei/i/结尾，与后面的元音连读结尾，与后面的元音连读2)the other my uncle million see off3)2)当前面的单词

25、以当前面的单词以/u:/u/au/u/结尾，与后面的元音连结尾，与后面的元音连读读4)two others,do it,you are,too often,go on.Mark the linking1.alotofwork2.assoonaspossible3.Ihavequiteenough.4.Bothofuswentout.5.Thefishisexcellent.6.Comealonghomeifyoulike.7.Johnwonanaward.8.Hefetcheditforme.9.Tellusallaboutit.10.Isheillagain?.9.意群和停顿意群和停顿意群是

26、句子中密切相关的短语，在句子中应该被读在一起,意群之间应通过语调或短暂的停顿来区分。a.Billsaid,Ourbossislost.b.Bill,saidourboss,islost.a.Hesoldhishouseboatandtrailer.b.Hesoldhishouse,boatandtrailer.2.a.Shelikespineapples.b.Shelikespieandapples.3.a.WouldyoulikeSuperSalad?b.Wouldyoulikesouporsalad?4.a.(A+B)C=X.b.A+(BC)=X.10.语调语调一、种类：降调、升调、降升调

27、二、应用：（一）降调的应用1、陈述句2、特殊疑问句3、祈使句4、反问句Nancyisveryintelligent.Intelligent?Isshereally?Ithinkshesdumb.（二）升调的应用1、一般疑问句2、陈述疑问句3、选择疑问句的前面选择部分4、请对方重复的疑问句5、反义疑问句的后半部分6、命令句的附加问句7、语句未完的停顿8、逗号前语调语调.（三）降升调1、表对比Inmyclassthereare35students.Andthereare37inyourclass.2、表含蓄3、表不同意4、表反驳5、表警告.Intonation Marking:Falling to

28、neI was in LONDON on SUNDAY.Hes STUDYING FRENCH.She was GOING A WAY.He WANTS some BEEF.Im afraid I CANT.START doing it NOW.COME to the BLACKBOARD.WRITE it TO MORROW.WHO is COMING to DINNER?WHEN will you be READY?WHAT would you LIKE?WHERE are the KIDS STAYING?WHY are you LEAVING in such a HURRY?HOW w

29、as the WEEKEND?WHOSE BOOK are you READING?WHICH BUS did you TAKE?.IntonationMarking:RisingtoneAre you HUNGRY?Would you LIKE some?Can I SIT here?Were they LATE last NIGHT?Do you WORK for the NEWS?Did he TALK to you ABOUT it?Did I HEAR you CORRECTLY?Are you LOOKING for a CAR?Can I TRY it OUT?Did you D

30、O it on the COMPUTER?Are you TAKING a VACATION in the SUMMER?Do you WANT some YOGURT?Did you HEAR her YESTERDAY?Do you BELIEVE it?Did you TAKE the JOB?.Intonation Marking:Falling-rising toneTHATS GOOD.Its BEAUTIFUL.He USED to.Well WAIT.Well WAIT for TOM.Well WAIT for TOM.I said NOW.Theyd AR RIVED.I can READ it.Ive got some LETTERS to WRITE.Hes CLEVER.Its IM POSSIBLE.The TEACHERS are COMING.Im afraid I CANT.NOBODY is LEAVING.SUNDAYwill DO.ItSOUNDSWONDERFUL.