高考英语考纲词汇用法详解.docx

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1、高考英语考纲词汇用法详解AaE&R切，anE国I超 a. L一 （个，件，）2,任何都3.每（一）4.某，某一个：I have got a ticket.我有一张票。/ an awful noise 一种可怕的噪音 / A bird can fly.鸟 会飞。/ We often go to school two times a day.我们常常一天两次去学校。/ A Mr. Brown wishes to see you. 一位叫布朗的先生想见你。【注意】1.单数可数名词若泛指，其前需加a/an,不要从汉语习惯出发，漏掉此不定冠 词（高考短文改错中常考查此知识点，许多同学在做书面表达时也常犯

2、此错），如不能说 Mr. Smith is interesting man.（需在is后加an） 2.在序数词之前使用a （an）,可以表 示数量或序数的增加：Do you want to read it a third time?你还想看第三次吗？able围乳陟& 切.能的，有才能的，能干的，能够的：Shes as clever and able as her sister.她像她姐姐一样聪明能干。【句型】be able to do sth能做某事【说明】比较级和最高级可以是abler和ablest或more able, better able和most able, 但不如前者常见。【辨析】

3、be able to与can的区别，见can。aboutprep.在附近，关于，在周围，忙于办.附近，大约，转向，左右， 周围：She sat up and looked about her.她坐了起来，环顾四周。/1 had no money about me.我身边没有带钱。/ She likes to walk about.她喜爱四处走走。/ There were few people about.附近几乎无人。【句型】1. be about to do即将，就要（不能与tomorrow等具体时间状语连用）2. How What about.（你认为）怎么样？【辨析】about与。n：前

4、者指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事，后者指比较系统、深入地论述 某事：It is a book on birds.那是一本论及鸟类的书。（可能是一本学术著作）/ It is a book about birds.那是一本关于鸟的书。（可能是一本供小孩看的关于鸟类的故事书） above中同& ） ： prep.在上方，过于，超出adv.在上面adj.上面的，上述的，上文 的：We were flying above the clouds.我们在云层上面飞行。/ Health is above wealth. 健康胜过财富。/ He is above doing such things.他不至于做出这样

5、的事来。【辨析】above与over： over表示垂直在上的正上方，above则不一定表示正上方（即表 示正上方时两者均可用，不表示正上方时要用above） oabroadp图4口力国adv.至|（在）国外：He has gone abroad.他出国了。/ He has just returned from abroad.他刚从国外归来。【用法】L是副词，不是形容词，不置于名词前作定语，但可置于名词后作定语：ones recent tour abroad某人最近的国外之行。2.是副词，不是名词，所以不说go to abroad之类 的。accept ITtO以 接受，承认：Much to

6、my regret, Im unable to accept your kind invitation.我不能接受你盛情的邀请，非常遗憾。【辨析】accept与receive：前者指主观上接受，后者指客观上收到:He received the gift, but he did not accept it.他收到这件礼物，但没有接受。news he became excited. 一听到这消息，他变得很激动。/ He bought it at （the price of） 50 dollars.他以50美元的价格买下了它。attackE同a攻击.C, U进攻；（疾病）侵袭，发作：Wolves w

7、ill not usually attack humans.狼通常不会袭击人。attempt中图0。口.尝试，试图：She made every attempt.她尽一切努力。/She attempted to get getting in touch with them.她企图和他们联系上。【用法】1后接动词作宾语时，该动词可用不定式，也可用动名词。2. make an attempt后 接动词表示试图做某事时，该动词可用不定式或用at doing sth的形式。attendE同虱幻u.出席,参加；看护,照料，护理；注意：He didn9t attend the meeting becaus

8、e he was ill.他因病没有出席会议。/ ril attend to the matter.这事我来处理。 / Im too busy. I cant attend to you now.我很忙，现在不能接待你。attention中同.U留心，注意：Please give it your attention.请关注此事。/ He called our attention to what he said.他提醒我们注意他说的话。【用法】在pay give, bring attention to等短语中的to是介词，后接动词时用动名词： He gives all his attention

9、 to making money.他的注意力完全集中在赚钱上。attract中图*吸引、引起（兴趣，注意）,招引：The film attracts a large audience. 这部电影吸引很多观众。/ Newton found that all masses attract each other.牛顿发现 所有的物质都相互吸引。August同力昌4可.八月（缩写 Aug. ） ： August 1 is our Army9s Day. 8 月 1 日是我 国建军节。aunt氧旦.C姨，姑，伯母，舅母，婶：Aunt Polly波莉姑妈Australia力图R彤勺旬 .澳洲，澳大利亚：D

10、ont confuse Austria with and Australia.不要把奥地利与澳大利亚弄混淆了。Australian 力同几秒雅 .C澳大利亚人 ,澳大利亚（人）的：The Australians speak English.澳大利亚人说英语。author.C作家，创造者：The book has a preface written by the author.该 书有作者写的序言。autumn SOQ4Q n. C, U秋天，秋季：In autumn the leaves change from green to brown. 秋天树叶由绿变黄。/ the Moon Festi

11、val=the Mid-autumn Festival 中秋节average翻当何 儿C平均（数）a丝平常的，平均的北平均为，求的平均数： An average of 10 students are absent each day.平均每天有 10 个学生缺席。/ What was the average temperature yesterday? 昨天的平均气温是多少？ / He is just an average student. 他只是个普通的学生。/ He averages two trips a year.他平均每年旅游两次。【短语】above the average 中上/ b

12、elow the average 中下 / on （the, an） average 平均， 按平均数计算，一般地说awakev. （awoke, awoken / awaked）醒，唤醒；使醒。丝（作表语）醒着的： The baby is awake.婴儿是醒的。/ He is awake to the serious problem.他已意识到 了这个严重的问题。【用法】1.用作动词时，相当于wake up,但本身通常不与副词up连用。2.用作形容词 时，只用作表语，不作定语；要表示“完全醒着”，不用very修饰，而用wide, fully, thoroughly 等修饰。away号司.虱

13、修adu.离开；远离：My birthday is two months away.我的生日还有两个 月。【用法】其后虽然可接that引导的宾语从句，但不能接普通的名词或代词，遇此情况需用 reply to。report口修息口力星羽.& 报告，汇报，报道：We must report to the teacher at once.我 们必须马上向老师报告。/ They reported seeing having seen UFOs.他们报告说他 们看见了飞碟。/ Ifs reported that he was seriously injured.据说他受了重伤。republic口修图口）

14、彤C共和国：the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共 和国request口秒同n.& 以请求：Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.参 观人士请勿触摸展品。/ Such books are in great request.那样的书非常需要。require口秒同令彤旬 需要，要求：They required her to keep silent.他们要求她 保持沉默。【说明】1 .其后可接动名词（主动表被动）或不定式（被动表被动）：These children require looking after

15、to be looked after.这些孩子需要照看。2.后接that从句通常用虚拟语 气:He required that everyone （should） attend the meeting.他要求人人参加会议。research口形图*中国 .U调查，研究：Hes doing research （es） into the causes of cancer.=Hes doing research（es） on cancer.他在研究癌症的病因。【说明】虽不可数，但有时可用复数形式（注意不能受数词或many的修饰）。respect修唱口n&j*以尊敬，尊重.U尊敬，尊重；关心，注意；（用

16、复数）敬意， 问候 C方面：If you dont respect yourself, how can you expect others to respect you? 自己不自重，又怎能受到别人的尊重呢？restOITt* .&九休息；其余的:Lets stop and take a rest.我们停下来歇会儿吧。restaurant SCI.C饭馆，饭店：a restaurant car 餐车result口移承中.C结果,效果近.由而造成；结果，导致:What was the result of the game?比赛结果如何？ / Love results in marriage, n

17、aturally.恋爱终归于婚姻（有 情人终成眷属）。/ His failure resulted from his carelessness.他的失败是由他的粗心造 成的。【短语】as a result结果,因此/ as a the result of由于的结果return眇同星北回来；归还；回答九（用单数）归来，返回；归还；回报：He didnt return me the money. =He didnt return the money to me. 他没有还书给我。【短语】in return for作为的报答或交换review彤同:屋也复习；重新调查，审查；回顾.C,U复习；复查，回

18、顾；评 论：We were reviewing our lessons last night.昨天晚上我们在复习功课。revolution晶口代毋中图星kp. .U, C革命；旋转：One revolution of the earth around the sun takes a year.地球绕太阳运行1周需1年时间。rice口。陟 .U水稻，米饭：Rice is an important food crop.稻是重要的粮食作物。 / Most of the Asians live on rice.大多数亚洲人以大米为主食。rich口秒.e.富裕的，有钱的：Oranges are rich

19、 in vitamin C.桔子含有丰富的维生素C。/ The rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。ride 口合陟u. （rode, ridden）骑马，骑自行车，乘车旅行.（乘车船）旅行：He likes to ride （on） a camel.他喜欢骑骆驼。right口令秒时.右,右边的；正确的，对的几右，右边；正确，对adu.正好；正确： Small children do not know right from wrong. 、孩子不懂是三。 / I read right to the end of the book.我一 口气把这本书看完了。/

20、You answered right.你答对 了。/ He was right in selling to sell the farm.他把农庄卖掉是对的。ring口当具.C环，戒指y.（rang, rung）（钟，铃等）响；打电话：Call in, or ring us up. Ifs up to you.你可以亲自来访，也可以打电话来，由你定。ripe口右彤口 分（成）熟的：Is it ripe enough for us to eat?它熟到我们能吃吗？rise 口令影对v. （rose, risen）上升，升起； 起床，起立：The river is rising after the

21、rain.雨后河水涨了。/ He rises very early.他起床很早。river周口炒:飞C江，河：There is a bridge across E=over the river.河上有座桥。【用法】1.用于专有名词时，英国英语通常将River加在名称之前；而美国英语则通常将 River加在名称之后，但不管是英国英语还是美国英语，在含有River的专有名词前， 一般用定冠词：the River Thames泰晤士河/ the Mississippi River密西西比河2.说a city on the river,其意通常不是指“河上的城市”，而是指“河畔的城市”。roadn：

22、路，道路，街道：It takes three hours by train and four by road.乘 火车要3小时,乘汽车要4小时。/ the road to wealth致富之路【用法】其前可用介词in （英）或on （美）：I live in on Marston Road.我住在马斯顿 路。rockrJ0（j九C, U大石头：The house is as solid as a rock.这房子坚如磐石。rolerj .C角色，作用，职责，任务：He will play take the leading role.他 将出演主角。/ The U. N. plays an im

23、portant role in international relations.联合国在 国际关系中扮演重要角色。rollO? 有.粗糙的；粗野的，粗暴的；狂暴的，汹涌的；粗略的，大概的；倒霉 的,难熬的;不舒服的:The cloth feels rough.这布摸起来很粗糙。/ He has a rough tough.他说话很粗野。/ A rough wind was blowing.大风刮起来了。round口令。 a圆的，球形的到处；转过来；循环地，围绕地p“.环绕，围 绕；绕过，转过；四处，在的附近；大约C 一轮l变圆，绕行：The earth goes round the sun.地

24、球围绕太阳转。/ The children stood round the teacher.孩子们围着 老师站着。/ Come round and see us this evening.今晚请过来看我们。rowO .C（一）排，（一）行；戈U船 上划船：They rowed across the lake.他们划 船过湖。/ What about going for a row? 一起去划船好吗？rubber 同口 + &可.U橡胶，合成橡胶C橡皮擦：Tires are made of rubber.轮胎是 用橡胶做成的。rubbish同口 ） &陟* U垃圾，废物：Dont talk ru

25、bbish.别胡说八道。rude口国,粗鲁的,无礼的：Its rude to point your fingers at people.用手指指 人是很不礼貌的。ruin围口星陟以（使）毁坏，（使）毁灭.U毁灭C（用复数）废墟，遗迹：The heavy rain ruined our holiday.大雨把我们的假期彻底搞糟了。rule口昼 .C规则，规定；习惯期统治：Students must obey observe, follow, keep the rules of the school.学生必须遵守校规。【短语】as a rule通常/ by rule按规定，循规蹈矩ruler围口口

26、.C统治者；尺：He was a wise ruler.他是位明智的统治者。1111口）上跑，奔跑；（车船等）行驶，（溪河等）流动，（机器等）运转，（钟表等）走动； （颜色）褪色；经营奔，跑；短途旅行：Dont drink running water.别喝自来水。/The well has run dry.水井已干涸了。/ The engine runs well.发动机运转良好。【短语】in the long run终究，到最后/ in the short run在短期内，当前/ on the run 忙忙碌碌的（地），匆匆忙忙的（地）/ run away逃走，逃脱/ run out of用

27、完rushD +，u.冲，奔跑；匆忙；催促.C繁忙，抢购，冲，奔：rush hour交通高峰 时亥ij,上下班交通最拥挤的日寸候/ She rushed into the room to tell us the news.她 冲进房间告诉我们这个消息。Russia同口）*中.俄国，俄罗斯：Tolstoy was one of Russia most famous writers.托 尔斯泰是俄国最著名作家之一。Russian煦俄国的 /.U俄语C俄国人：Russian is a difficult language to master.俄语是一种难掌握的语言。sad*8W.悲伤的；使人悲伤的：

28、We were sad about at, over, with her death.我们为她的死感到悲伤。/ He was sad to hear the news.他听到这个消息很伤心。safe*）Tt陟弁.安全的，平安的：They were safe from attack.他们很安全，未受到攻 击。/ We,re safe in accepting the offer.我们接受这个提议不会有错。safety同修旧陟U安全，保险：They ran to safety, away from the fire.他们 跑到安全的地方，远离了大火。/ We are now in safety.现

29、在我们安全了。sailR彤 .（常用单）航行C帆,帆状物上开航，驾（船）,航行（于）：The ship sails for Shanghai tomorrow.这船明天开往上海。sailor 同+乳眇中.C海员，水手，水兵：a bad （good） sailor晕船（不晕船）的人 saleOR陟九U,C卖，出售；销量，销售额；减价出售，拍卖：He got $1000 from for the sale of his house.他卖房子得了 1000 美元。【短语】for sale待售，出售的/ on sale （有货）售卖，上市；减价时salt?O星.U盐川,加盐于，用盐腌：Please p

30、ass me the salt.请把盐递给我。sameHV秒O a%.同一的，同样的同样的事：Do whatever you want, it9s all the sameto me.你想干就干啥，我无所谓。/ He likes to read in bed, and it is the same w油 me.他喜欢在躺床上看书，我也一样。【用法】1 .其前通常要加定冠词。2.表示“与样”，要用the same as,不能用as sameas 或 the same with like o 3.Its the same with意为也一样，与“so+助动词+ 主语”意思相似。4.The same

31、 to you为口语常用语，意为“你也一样”，主要用于回 答祝愿。sand 揖U沙，沙子（复数）沙地,沙滩:The children were playing on the sand （s）. 孩子们在沙滩上玩。sandwich国幡陟2守九C三明治，夹心面包：He made some cheese sandwiches.他 做了一些干酪三明治。satisfaction 鱼 8陟同m8&ja .U满意C乐事，趣事：I find great satisfaction in his improvement.我对于他的进步极为满意。satisfy同幡彤公彤上满足,使满意,使相信:Are you sat

32、isfied with the service?你 对这服务满意吗？Saturday同切 ,星期六：She doesnt work on Saturdays.她星期六不工作。savehPV物。也救，挽救；节省，存钱；免去，省去；保全，保留：He saved the boy from drowning.他救起了这个男孩，使他免于溺死。/ Save me some milk. =Save some milk for me.给我留点牛奶吧。【用法】用于save sb （from） doing sth表示“免去某人做某事：/ If you do it tonight, it will save you

33、 from having to get up early.你如果今晚做这事，明天早上你就不必 早起了。say nt%v. （said, said）说，讲；（被动）据说：Its said that he knows your father.据 说他认识你父亲。【用法】What do would you say to-?意为你说怎么样呢？，其中的to为介词： What do you say to playing tennis?打打网球怎么样?scene*XHB/i. C, U（戏剧、电影等的）一场，场景；布景；风景，景色；（事件或事 故的）发生地点：The sunrise was a beauti

34、ful scene.日出是一幅美景。/ The criminal fled the scene.罪犯逃离了现场。school国.C学校，学院U上学，上课：There will be no school tomorrow. 明日学校放假。/ Did you take history at school?你在学校上过历史课吗？science右移中（一门）科学，学科；（统称）科学,科学研究；（统称）自然 科学，理科：computer science 计算机科学 / The chief sciences are chemistry, physics and biology.主要的自然科学是化学、物理和

35、生物。scientific 23 8（jadj.科学的，合乎科学的：a scientific method 科学方法/ He has a scientific mind.他有科学头脑。scientist围合秒中影.C科学家：Scientists have discovered a new virus.科学 家发现了一种新病毒。scold 代号。 2 l责骂，申斥,斥责:His mother scolded him for getting his clothes dirty. 他妈妈因他弄脏了衣服而责骂他。score*（j0H .C二十；得分 近.记分，刻痕，得分：What is the sco

36、re now?现在比 分是多少？/ Jack got a low score on the test.杰克测验得分不高。【用法】表示“二十”时，其复数形式通常不加词尾-s,且其后一般不接介词of,如three score eggs 60只鸡蛋。当其后的名词前有the, these, those等表示特指的限定词修饰 时，或当其后接的是us, them, you等人称代词时，则score后必须要有介词of： three score of these eggs这些鸡蛋中的60只。另外，scores of（许多）是习语，其中的score 用复数。scream上尖声叫，尖声喊叫.C尖叫声，喊叫声：Sh

37、e screamed out that there was a thief under the bed.她尖叫道床下有小偷。sea*KH九U海，海洋C许多，大量：I dont like to travel by sea.我不喜欢乘船 旅行。【用法】构成专有名词时，其前通常要用定冠词：the Red Sea红海search中国ey.& .c, U搜索，搜寻：The police searched the city.警察搜遍了全 城。/ The police searched for the thief.警察搜找那个小偷。【短语】in search of 搜找 / in ones (the) se

38、arch for 搜找season围为国对 .C季，季节：Spring is a lovely season.春天是怡人的季节。【短语】in season当令，及时，正是时候/ out of season不当令，在淡季seat*N座，座位可.使坐下：Which are our seats?哪些是我们的座位？ / He seated himself at the writing table.他在写字台前坐下。second围R&j中秒；片刻；第二者；第二人另一个；又一个姓第二： Well have to do it a second time.我们得再做一次。secret同口器 .C秘密， 秘诀。

39、砺秘密的，隐秘的：We have no secrets from you.我们对你毫无隐瞒。【短语】in secret秘密地,偷偷地/ in the secret知道秘密secretary 同ITt&j口田口%.C秘书；书记：He was secretary of this Party branch.他 是这个党支部的书记。/ Shes private secretary to the Minister.她是部长的私人秘书。see*XHv. (saw, seen)看，看见；了解，领会：I saw her crying under the tree.我看 见她在树下哭。/ Ive never s

40、een the word used that way before.我从来没有看见这 个词这样用过。/ I see little of Mr Smith.我很少见到史密斯先生。【短语】see about (doing) sth负责处理(安排)某事/ see off为送行/ see sb out送 某人出门(到门口)/ see through看穿，识破；帮助渡过(困难等)；进行到底seed兴国种子,萌芽,结实,播种:Plants develop from seeds.植物由种子发 育而成。seek*XH(j v. (sought, sought)寻找，探索：He has sought to ex

41、plain it.他一直想对 此作出解释。/ He sought out his friend in the crowd.他在人群中找到他的朋友。seem兴国O近.像是，似乎：It seems as if he is happy.他好像很高兴。/ It seems that he has caught a cold.他似乎感冒了。/ It seems like a good idea.那似乎是个好主 意。/ He seems to know everything.他似乎什么都懂。seize *且混上抓住，逮住，夺取：He was seized with a slight fever.他突然有点

42、发烧。/ She seized the gun from him.她从他手里夺过了枪。seldom 同乳2%0“办.很少，不常：The children are seldom ill.这些孩子很少生病。 【用法】在正式文体中可放在句首，其后用倒装语序：Seldom does he read in his free hours.他空余时间很少看书。sell)Tt (sold, sold) 口.出售，卖：He sold me his camera. =He sold his camera to me. 他把照相机卖给了我。/ He sold his car at a low price.他低价卖掉

43、了他的汽车。【短语】sell out卖完send )T 1 v/. (sent, sent)送，寄，派遣：Please send him my best wishes. =Please send my best wishes to him.请代我向他问好。/ He sent his son to post the letter.他叫 他儿子去寄信。/ The sound of the gun sent the birds flying away.枪声把鸟吓飞了。【短语】send up发射/ send out发出(光亮等)；生出(长出)某物【比较】l.send sb to do sth与send

44、 for sb to do sth：前者表示派某人做某事，后者表 示派人请某人做某事。2. send sb to do sth与send sb （sth） doing sth：前者表示派（叫） 某人去做某事，后者表示使某人或某物很快地或失去控制地做某事。C官能，感觉，意识 诃.感到，理解，认识：Can you make sense of this poem?你能看懂这首诗吗？ / I sensed that I had made a serious mistake.我意识到自 己犯了个严重的错误。【短语】in a sense在某个意义上/ make sense有意义，讲得通，有道理senten

45、ce同R田句子，判决以审判，判决：A sentence usually contains a subject and a verb. 句子通常包括主语和动i司。/ The sentence was twenty years in prison. 判决是20年徒刑。separate围.几口寸口乳陟八.分开。丝国口中口分开的，分离的，个别的，单独的： Separate the longer ones from the shorter ones. 把长的与短的分开。/ Our children have separate bedrooms.我们的孩子有各自的卧室。September*p同ITtOcQp,九月：School begins in September.九月开学。serious图修可口移 以,严重的，严肃的，认真的：He was serious about （doing） his work. 他对待（做）工作很认真。/ Im serious.我是认真的。servant围中旦C仆人，用人；公仆，公务员：A politician should be a servant of the people.政治家应该是人民的公仆。serve且。服务，服役：L