2019考研英语一真题及答案解析完整版.pdf

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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Section Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Today we live in a world where GPS systems,digital maps,and other navigation apps are available o

2、n our smart phones.1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone.But phones 2 on batteries,and batteries can die faster than we realize.3 you get lost without a phone or a compass,and you 4 cant find north,a few tricks to help you navigate 5 to civilization,one of which is to follow the

3、land.When you find yourself well 6 a trail,but not in a completely 7 area,you have to answer two questions:Which 8 is downhill,in this particular area?And where is the nearest water source?Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys,and on supplies of fresh water.9 ,if you head downhill,and follow any H2O

4、 you find,you should 10 see signs of people.If youve explored the area before,keep an eye out for familiar sightsyou may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another 12 :Climb high and look for signs of human habitation.13,even in dense forest,you should

5、 be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads,train tracks,and other paths people carve 15 the woods.Head toward these 16 to find a way out.At night,scan the horizon for 17 light sources,such as fires and streetlights,then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18,assuming youre lost in an area

6、 humans tend to frequent,look for the 19 we leave on the landscape.Trail blazes,tire tracks,and other features can 20 you to civilization.1.ASome BMost CFew DAll 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！2.AputBtakeCrun Dcome 3.ASince B If C Though DUntil 4.Aformally B relatively C gradually D

7、literally 5.A back B next C around D away 6.Aonto BoffCacross Dalone 7.AunattractiveB uncrowded Cunchanged Dunfamiliar 8.A siteBpoint Cway Dplace 9.A So B Yet CInstead DBesides 10.Aimmediately B intentionally Cunexpectedly D eventually 11.Asurprised Bannoyed Cfrightened Dconfused 12.A problem Boptio

8、n Cview Dresult 13.A Above all BIn contrast C On average D For example 14.Abridge Bavoid Cspot Dseparate 15.A from B through Cbeyond D under 16.A posts Blinks Cshades Dbreaks 17.A artificial B mysterious C hidden D limited 18.A Finally B Consequently C incidentally D Generally 19.A memories B marks

9、C notes D belongings 20.A restrict B adopt C lead D expose 1-20 参考答案及解析：1.生活在一个 GPS 系统，数字地图和其他导航应用程序都在我们的智能手机上轻易获取”。空格之后的语句与前面语义方向一致，再考虑到句中的without a phone，可知，此处需要双重否定表达肯定，所以，选择 few，符合文意；2.【C】run 固定搭配；此题考查与介词 on 的搭配情况；run on battery表示手机使用电池得以运行；其他选项的搭配为：put on（增加；假装；使上场）；take on（承担；呈现；具有；流行）；come on

10、（快点；开始；要求；上演；）；语义搭配不通顺，故选择 run on 搭配；3.【B】If 逻辑关系；此处考查逻辑关系。空格处所在句为“.你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路，.找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！航.文明”；前后句之间构成假设的逻辑关系，所以选择 if；其余选项：since（因为，自从）；though（虽然）；until（直到）代入后，不符合语义表达；4.【D】literally 词义辨析题；空格处所在句为“假如你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路，.找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航

11、.文明”；literally 表示确实地，真正地；符合语义表达；其余选项：formally（正式地）；relatively（相对地）；gradually（逐渐地）不符合语义表达；5.【A】back 词义辨析题；出题处的语义表达“我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航.文明”，只有 back 与前文的 lost（迷路）形成相互呼应，故而选择back；6.【B】off 词义辨析题；空格所在句提到“为当你发现自己.路径。但不是完全.的 区域。你需要回答两个问题：在这个特殊区域中，哪个.是下坡路？哪里有最近的水源?”因此，根据句意表达，off(远离，离开）符合句意；其它选项：onto（在之上；对了解）；acro

12、ss(穿过，根穿)，alone(独白地，单独地)，故选择 off；7.【D】unfamiliar 词义辨析题；根据出题处的语义表达，“为当你发现自己.路径。但不是完全.的区域”，语义搭配，unfamiliar 更符合要求；其他选项：unattractive(不吸引人的)；uncrowded(不利挤的，宽敞的)；C 选项 unchanged(未改变的，无变化的)；不符合语义表达；8.【C】way 词义辨析题；根据出题处的语境表述“你需要回答两个问题：在这个特殊区域中，哪个.是下坡路？哪里有最近的水源?”因此只有 way 符合要求；其他选项：site（地点；位置；场所）；point（要点；得分；标

13、点）；place（地方；住所；座位），不符合句意表达；9.【A】so 逻辑关系题；出题句指出“生活在山谷里的人，基本上需要淡水为生，.如果你下山，沿着水走，你会发现人类的踪迹.”，此处语义逻辑很明显，考察因果逻辑关系；故选择 so，其它选项：yet（但是，然而）；instead（反而，替代）；besides（此外，而且）；不符合句义要求；10.【D】eventually 词义辨析题；出题句提及“.如果你下山，沿着水走，你会发现人类的踪迹.”，只有 eventually（最后，终于）符合题目要求，语欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！义通

14、顺；其它选项：immediately（立即，立刻）；intentionally（故意地，有意地）；unexpectedly（出乎意料地）；不符合语义表达，故排除；11.【A】surprised 词义辨析题；出题句提及“如果你之前去过这个地方，一定要注意熟悉景象，你或许会.快速识别出一块特征明显的石头或者树木来唤起你的记忆”；此处只有 surprised 符合题目要求；其他选项带有明显的贬义色彩，故不符合；12.【B】option 词义辨析题；本文第一段中提到“如果你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路了，而且你真的找不到北方，我们会有一些技巧可言帮助你回到文明社会”，此处考查的地方就是前文提及的“另

15、一个.：登到高处寻找有人类居住的标志”；只有 option（选择）符合句义及情感色彩要求；13.【D】For example 逻辑关系题；出题句前后构抽象到具体的例证关系（前文提到“另一个选择就是登高寻找有人类居住的标志”，与后文的 look for signs形成抽象到具体的过程），故选择 For example；14.【C】spot 词义辨析题；此题需借助前面的语义内容及逻辑关系辅助做题；此处需填入的动词和 look for 语义相近，故选择 spot（发现），符合语义表达；其他选项：bridge（架桥，渡过）；avoid（避开，消除）；separate（分开）；不符合语义要求；15.【B

16、】through 词义辨析题；分析：本题为语义题及固定搭配题，考查 carve与 woods 之间的关系，根据常识可知，路应该是穿过森林开凿出来的，故本句意为穿过森林开凿出的公路，故 B 选项 through 为正确答案。16.【D】breaks 语义辨析题；本题为语义题，根据上一句信息，因为人为原因而造成的 gaps in the tree line，不难判断，朝着有树木缺口的地方走，就能找到出去的路，故 D 选项 breaks 为正确答案。17.【A】artificial 词义辨析题及逻辑关系题；因题干中 such as 表示举例关系，故我们首先根据例子信息可以判断文中 fires and

17、 streetlights 可以确定火与街灯的共同特征是人造光源，故本题 A 选项 artificial 为正确答案。18.【A】Finally 语义题；文章后面指出假设你在人类常去的地方迷路，寻找我们在地面上留下的，因前文已经举例说明了几种情况，如当你在一个并非完全不熟悉的环境中迷路，可知此处应是最后一种假设情况，故本题 A 选项 finally 为正确答案。欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！19.【B】mark 词义辨析题；根据常识，在人类常去的地方，地面上必定有很多标志，故寻找我们在地面上留下的标志，在此处更符合文意，故本题 B

18、 选项marks 为正确答案。20.【C】lead 词义辨析题；道路上的树皮刻痕、轮胎印和其他特征能够指引你去有人烟的地方，此外，本题处的单词应该与前文中的 navigate 同义，故本题 C 选项 lead 为正确答案。Section Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Te

19、xt 1 Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks.Starting next year,any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing.The main purpose of this“clawback”rule is to hold bankers acco

20、untable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution.Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit:more long term decision-making not only by banks but also bu all corporations,to build a stronger economy for future generations.“Short-termism”or the desire for qui

21、ck profits,has worsened in publicly traded companies,says the Bank of Englands top economist.Andrew Haldane.He quotes a giant of classical economies,Alfred Marshall,in describing this financial impatience as acting like“Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once”rather than

22、 putting them aside to be eaten last.The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain,he notes,has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades.Transient investors,who demand high quarterly profits from 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！companies,

23、can hinder a firms efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty.This has been dubbed“quarterly capitalism”.In addition,new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities,quicker use of information,and thus shortens attention spans in financial markers.“Th

24、ere seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,”said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in speech this week.In the US,the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for

25、senior executives by about a year,slightly helping reduce“short-termism.”In its latest survey of CEO pay,The Wall Street Journal finds that“a substantial part”of executive pay is now tied to performance.Much more could be done to encourage“long-termism,”such as changes in the tax code and quicker di

26、sclosure of stock acquisitions.In France,shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.Within companies,the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on

27、 behalf of all stakeholders.Britains new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance,not just for the short term but for the long term.21.According to Paragraph 1,one motive in imposing the new rule is the_.A.enhance bankers sense of responsibility B.help corporat

28、ions achieve larger profits C.build a new system of financial regulation D.guarantee the bonuses of top executives 22.Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate_.A.the conditions for generating quick profits 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！B.governments impatience in decision-making C.the

29、solid structure of publicly traded companies D.“short-termism”in economics activities 23.It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be_.A.indirect B.adverse C.minimal D.temporary 24.The US and France examples are used to illustrate_.A.the obstacles to preventing“

30、short-termism”.B.the significance of long-term thinking.C.the approaches to promoting“long-termism”.D.the prevalence of short-term thinking.25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A.Failure of Quarterly Capitalism B.Patience as a Corporate Virtue C.Decisiveness Required of Top

31、 Executives D.Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers 21-25 参考答案及解析：21.【A】enhance bankers sense of responsibility；细节题。题目中明确出题段落（According to Paragraph 1）及相应的信息点（one motive in imposing the new rule），因此，答案来源句则为第一段的第三句（The main purpose of this“clawback”rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-ta

32、king and to restore public trust in financial institution这个规则主要目的是让银行家为不良风险负责以及修复公众对金融机构的信任），那么答案基本就很容易提取出来。选项中的“sense of responsibility”则对应到句中的“enhance bankers sense of responsibility（增加银行的责任感）”；而其他的选项则与最佳选项无缘，在定位区间中没有相应的对应信息。欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！22.【D】short-termism in eco

33、nomic activities；细节题。题干中的定位信息在“Alfred Marshall”上，直接定位到第二段的第二句“He quotes a giant of classical economies,Alfred Marshall,in describing this financial impatience as acting.”，定位信息里的“this financial impatience”则是回指第二段首句的“Short-termism”，故信息点则为“Short-termism”，所以最佳选项则为 short-termism in economic activities，而其

34、他选项在定位信息中未提及；23.【B】adverse；细节题。此题的定位信息为题干的“transient investment”，直接定位到第三段的第二句“Transient investors,who demand high quarterly profits from companies,can hinder a firms efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty”，从四个选项的褒贬正负来看indirect、minimal 和 temporary 为中性的表述，只有 B 选项的 adve

35、rse 为明确的负面表达，意思为“不利的”，与原文中的“hinder”（阻碍打扰）对应上。24.【C】the approaches to promoting long-termism；例证题。根据题干的具体信息定位，美国和法国的例子是用来支撑什么论点。原文的第五、六段则提供了具体的信息，第五段中美国延迟发放才上任一年左右的高管绩效津贴，继而促进缓解“短期主义”盛行的现状；第六段则提及在法国持股两年以上者拥有更大的选票权。所以，最佳选项应为“促进长期主义的方法”，与原文一致；25.【B】Patience as a Corporate Virtue；主旨题。题干中的 title 为标题题的信息，所

36、以此题考查的是文章的主旨大意；B 选项里的 patience 可以对应到全文中反复出现的主题词“short-termism”和“long-termism”，corporate本身在文章中出现多次，所以 B 选项则为最近标题，体现主旨大意；其余选项均不能概括全文，故排除。Text 2 Grade inflation-the gradual increase in average GPAs(grade-point averages)over the past few decadesis often considered a product of a consumer era in higher e

37、ducation,in which students are treated like customers to be pleased.But another,related forcea policy often buried 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！deep in course catalogs called“grade forgiveness”is helping raise GPAs.Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they

38、received a low grade,and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a student s overall GPA.The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years,as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school(and paying tuition)and impro

39、ve their graduation rates.When this practice first started decades ago,it was usually limited to freshmen,to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses.But now most colleges save for many selective campuses,allow all u

40、ndergraduates,and even graduate students,to get their low grades forgiven.College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduation without incurring a bi

41、g penalty.“Untimely,”said Jack Miner,Ohio State Universitys registrar,“we see students achieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent contents or master the content that allows them to graduate on time.”That said,there is a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies coll

42、eges own needs as well.For public institutions,state funds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retentionso better grades can,by boosting figures like those,mean more money.And anything that raises GPAs will likely make studentswho,at the end of

43、the day,are paying the bill feel theyve gotten a better value for their tuition dollars,which is another big concern for colleges.Indeed,grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers expectations for higher education.Since students and parents expect a college d

44、egree to lead a job,it is in the 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！best interest of a school to turn out graduates who are as qualified as possibleor at least appear to be.On this,students and colleges incentives seem to be aligned.26.What is commonly regarded as the cause of grade infl

45、ation?A.The change of course catalogs.B.Students indifference to GPAS.C.Colleges neglect of GPAS.D.The influence of consumer culture.27.What was the original purpose of grade forgiveness?A.To help freshmen adapt to college learning.B.To maintain colleges graduation rates.C.To prepare graduates for a

46、 challenging future.D.To increase universities income from tuition.28.According to Paragraph 5,grade forgiveness enable colleges to_.A.obtain more financial support B.boost their student enrollments C.improve their teaching quality D.meet local governments needs 29.What does the phrase“to be aligned

47、”(Line 5,Para.6)most probably mean?A.To counterbalance each other.B.To complement each other.C.To be identical with each other.D.To be contradictory to each other.30.The author examines the practice of grade forgiveness by_.A.assessing its feasibility B.analyzing the causes behind it C.comparing dif

48、ferent views on it D.listing its long-run effects 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！26-30 参考答案及解析：26.【D】The influence of consumer culture；细节题。根据题干中的关键词grade inflation 可以定位到首段第一句话，此句话的句子主干：“Grade inflation is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education.”题干中的 be regar

49、ded as 对应原文中的 is considered，题干中的 the cause of（后边接结果）与原文中的 a product of（前边接结果）都表示因果关系。选项 D 中 consumer 是原文中的复现，其他选项都不具备干扰性，因此答案选择 D。27.【A】To help freshmen adapt to college learning；细节题。根据题干中的关键词，我们只能定位到文章的第二段，但是第二段讲的是 grade forgiveness具体是什么，并没有提及它的目的，然后接下看第三段的首句，出现了 this little-known practice 指的就是 gra

50、de forgiveness。而且题干中的 the original purpose 对应原文中的在第三段第二句话:“When this practice first started decades ago,it was usually limited to freshmen,to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses.”选项 A 中的 freshmen 是原词复现，help 是对应原