考研英语一真题原文及答案完整版.pdf

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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！2013 年考研英语一真题原文及答案完整版 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！2 2013 年考研英语一真题原文及答案完整版 Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Peop

2、le are,on the whole,poor at considering background information when making individual decisions.At first glance this might seem like a strength that _1_ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by _2_ factors.But Dr Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big _3_ was leading d

3、ecision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with._4_,he theorised that a judge _5_ of appearing too soft _6_crime might be more likely to send someone to prison _7_he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day

4、.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！3 To _8_this idea,they turned their attention to the university-admissions process.In theory,the _9_ of an applicant should not depend on the few others_10_ randomly for interview during the same day,but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was_11_.He stud

5、ied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews _12_ by 31 admissions officers.The interviewers had _13_ applicants on a scale of one to five.This scale _14_ numerous factors into consideration.The scores were _15_ used in conjunction with an applicants score on the GMAT,a standardised exam which is _16_out

6、 of 800 points,to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _17_ that,then the score for the next applicant would_18_ 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！

7、我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！4 by an average of 0.075 points.This might sound small,but to_19_the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been _20_.1.A grants B submits C transmits D dilivers 2.A minor B external C crucial D objective 3.A issue B vision C pi

8、cture D moment 4.A Above all B On average C In principle D For example 5.A fond B fearful C capable D thoughtless 6.A in B for C to D on 7.A if B until C though D unless 8.A.test B.emphasize C.share D.promote 9.A.decision B.quality C.status D.success 10.A.found B.studied C.chosen D.identified 欢迎您阅读并

9、下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！5 11.A.otherwise B.defensible C.replaceable D.exceptional 12.A.inspired B.expressed C.conducted D.secured 13.A.assigned B.rated C.matched D.arranged 14.A.put B.got C.took D.gave 15.A.instead B.then C.ever D.rather 16.A.selected B.passed C.marked D.introduced

10、17.A below B after C above D before 18.A jump B float C fluctuate D drop 19.A achieve B undo C maintain D disregard 20.A necessary B possible C promising D helpful Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following fourtexts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C o

11、r D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！6 Text 1 In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada,Miranda Priestly,played by Meryl Streep,scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her,Priestly explains h

12、ow the deep blue color of the assistants sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldnt be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would

13、 described in Overdressed,Eliazabeth Clines three-year indictment of“fast fashion”.In the last decade or so,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara,H&M,and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inv

14、entory,欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！7 more frequent release,and more profit.These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two,although they dont advertise that and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.By offering on-tr

15、end items at dirt-cheap prices,Cline argues,these brands have hijacked fashion cycles,shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution,of course,are not limited to designers.For H&M to offer a$5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world,it m

16、ust rely on low-wage overseas labor,order in volumes that strain natural resources,and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion worlds answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollans The Omnivores Dilemma.“Mass-produced clothing,like 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权

17、请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！8 fast food,fills a hunger and need,yet is non-durable and wasteful,”Cline argues.Americans,she finds,buy roughly 20 billion garments a year about 64 items per person and no matter how much they give away,this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed,Cline introduced

18、 her ideal,a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont,who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes and beautifully.But as Cline is the first to note,it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft;her example cant be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their i

19、mpact on labor and the environment including H&M,with its green Conscious Collection line Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability,be it in food or in energy.Vanity is a constant;people will only start 欢迎您

20、阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！9 shopping more sustainably when they cant afford not to.21.Priestly criticizes her assistant for her A poor bargaining skill.B insensitivity to fashion.C obsession with high fashion.D lack of imagination.22.According to Cline,mass-maket labels urge consum

21、ers to A combat unnecessary waste.B shut out the feverish fashion world.C resist the influence of advertisements.D shop for their garments more frequently.23.The word“indictment”(Line 3,Para.2)is closest in meaning to A accusation.B enthusiasm.C indifference.D tolerance.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系

22、删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！10 24.Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?A Vanity has more often been found in idealists.B The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.C People are more interested in unaffordable garments.D Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25.Wha

23、t is the subject of the text?A Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.B Challenge to a high-fashion myth.C Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.D Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2 An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is,no one knows which half.In the i

24、nternet age,at least in theory,this fraction can be much reduced.By watching what people 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！11 search for,click on and say online,companies can aim“behavioural”ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value

25、to advertisers of such fine-grained information:Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads?Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Cornmission(FTC)proposed adding a do not track(DNT)option to internet browsers,so tha

26、t users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed.Microsofts Internet Explorer and Apples Safari both offer DNT;Googles Chrome is due to do so this year.In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance(DAA)agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT reques

27、ts.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！12 On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row:It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8,would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond.Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking,al

28、though some companies have promised to do so.Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsofts default,some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.Atter all,it has an ad business too,whic

29、h it says will comply with DNT requests,though it is still working out how.If it is trying to upset Google,which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm.DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文

30、档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！13 favourably with Googles on that count before.Brendon Lynch,Microsofts chief privacy officer,bloggde:we believe consumers should have more control.Could it really be that simple?26.It is suggested in paragraph 1 that“behavioural”ads help advertisers to:A ease compe

31、tition among themselves B lower their operational costs C avoid complaints from consumers D provide better online services 27.“The industry”(Line 6,Para.3)refers to:A online advertisers B e-commerce conductors C digital information analysis D internet browser developers 28.Bob Liodice holds that set

32、ting DNT as a default A many cut the number of junk ads B fails to affect the ad industry 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！14 C will not benefit consumers D goes against human nature 29.which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6?A DNT may not serve its intended purpose B A

33、dvertisers are willing to implement DNT C DNT is losing its popularity among consumers D Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads 30.The authors attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:A indulgence B understanding C appreciaction D skepticism Text 3 Up until a few deca

34、des ago,our visions of the future were largely-though by no means uniformly-glowingly positive.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！15 Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity,leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable,as we

35、 have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us,from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change.You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced.The fossil record shows that many species have endur

36、ed for millions of years-so why shouldnt we?Take a broader look at our species place in the universe,and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens,if not hundreds,of thousands of years.Look up Homo sapiens in the Red List of threatened species of the International Union

37、 for the Conversation of Nature(IUCN),and you will read:Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！16 distributed,adaptable,currently increasing,and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.So what does our deep f

38、uture hold?A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question.For example,the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully,it may be easier to think abou

39、t such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future.The potential evolution of todays technology,and its social consequences,is dazzlingly complicated,and its perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage.Thats one reason

40、why we have launched Arc,a new publication dedicated to the near future.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！17 But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance.As so often,the past holds the key to the future:we have now identified enough

41、 of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet,and our species,to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad.To be sure,the futur

42、e is not all rosy.But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans,and to improve the lot of those to come.31.Our vision of the future used to be inspired by A our desire for lives of fulfillment B our faith in science and technology C o

43、ur awareness of potential risks 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！18 D our belief in equal opportunity 32.The IUCNs“Red List”suggest that human being are A a sustained species B a threaten to the environment C the worlds dominant power D a misplaced race 33.Which of the following is tru

44、e according to Paragraph 5?A Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.B Technology offers solutions to social problem.C The interest in science fiction is on the rise.D Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34.To ensure the future of mankind,it is crucial to A explore our planets abunda

45、nt resources 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！19 B adopt an optimistic view of the world C draw on our experience from the past D curb our ambition to reshape history 35.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A Uncertainty about Our Future B Evolution of the Human

46、Species C The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind D Science,Technology and Humanity Text 4 On a five to three vote,the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizonas immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Aministration.But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision

47、was an 8-0 defeat for the federal government and the states.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！20 An arizona.United States,the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizonas controversial plan to have state and local police enfour federal immigrations law.The Cons

48、titutional principles that Washington alone has the power to establish a uniform Rule of Anturalization and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial.Arizona had attempted to fashion state police that ran to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy,joined by Chief Justice Jo

49、hn Roberts and the Courts liberals,ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun.On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately occupied the field and Arizona had thus intruded on the federals privileged powers However,the Justices said that Arizona police woul

50、d be allowed to verify the legal 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！21 status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.Thats because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and coop