浙江师范大学外国语学院《翻译》课程大纲及教案.docx

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1、浙江师范大学外国语学院课程大纲及教案专业名称:央语专业课程名称:翻诩（1）主导教材:毛荣贵新世纪大学英汉翻译教程所属课程组:翻译组课程负责人:适用年级:英语专业本科2003级200 5 - 200 6学年第一学期翻译（1） （2）课程大纲-、课程概况课程名称:翻译课程类别:专业基础课学分:4学时：68 课程编号:030903081, 030903082 开课学期:五、六二、课程教学目标和要求1、教学目标通过本课程的教学,帮助学生有效提高翻译实践能力和理论认识,达到高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲对其翻译能力的基本要求,即：能运用翻译理论与技巧,将英美报刊上的文章以及文学原著译成汉语，或将我国报刊、

2、杂志上的文章和一般文学作品译成英语,译文忠实、流畅,译速每小时250-300个英文单词汉字,使之可以胜任未来的中学英语教学以及其他涉及翻译能力的工作.2、课程要求本课程为系列专业基础课,由英译汉和汉译英组成，要求学生按顺序修读.为达到课程教学的目的,采用讲练结合的方式,布置相当数量的课后作业要求学生按时按量完成，并积极参与课堂讨论。三、教学内容与教学安排1、教学内容要点本课程教学以实践为主,理论为辅，重点是翻译技巧的介绍与练笔,翻译内容涉及各类文体、各个领域.课程安排按照讲练结合的原则展开,帮助学生有步骤有针对性地训练翻译的基本技能.通过大量的练习和讲评,强化学生对不同文本语体特点和翻译原则的

3、认识，为其将来从事翻译工作或运用英语作为工作语言打下坚实的双语转换实践基础.2、教学安排本课程教学依据教学大纲,安排在本科三年级上、下两学期进行，共计68学时, 其中36学时为英译汉,32学时为汉译英，每周2学时.教学计划允许授课教师在具体操作中有一定的灵活度,但至少应包含以下3部分的主题内容:1）翻译概述（含翻译的标准、原则、过程、中外翻译简史及翻译名家的主要观点等）;2）翻译技巧讲练（介绍主要的英汉互译技巧,结合学生的练笔进行讲评）；3）多视角的翻译实践与研究（不同领域的翻译实践及其操作原则与技巧,如外来词翻译、报刊标题及新闻翻译、旅游翻译、科技翻译、广告翻译、文化与翻译等; 在实践的基础

4、上开始涉猎翻译的前沿理论，提高学生对翻译的理性认识,目的在于训练其解决问题的探索能力，为其将来从事翻译实践或理论研究开辟个窗 ）.四、教材及主要参考资料教材:毛荣贵:新世纪大学英汉翻译教程,上海交通大学出版社2002年版毛荣贵：新世纪大学汉英翻译教程，上海交通大学出版社2002年版主要参考资料:Newmark, P. A Textbook of Translation. Shanghai: SFLEP, 2001.Nida, E. A. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanghai: SFLEP, 1993.Nida, E. A. Language

5、and Culture: Contexts in Translating. Shanghai: SFLEP, 2001.陈宏薇:新实用汉译英教程,湖北教育出版社2000年版冯庆华:实用翻译教程（英汉互译）,上海外语教育出版社2002年版杨平:名作精译中国翻译英译汉选萃,青岛出版社1998年版张培基:英汉翻译教程,上海外语教育出版社1980年版中国日报网站:汉英最新特色词汇,上海社会科学院出版社2002年版 中国翻译杂志.五、作业与考核方式作业:相关翻译练习考核方式:课程考核以平时作业和期末闭卷考试相结合的方式,考核成绩由平时作业成绩（30%）和期末考试卷面成绩（70%）组成.Teaching

6、Plan for Translation (1)OTitle of Lesson: A Brief Introduction to TranslationWeek Time Needed: Two periods ( 40 minutes per period )O leaching Objectives:1. Help the students achieve a basic understanding of translation: its nature, classification, evaluation criteria, the role of translator, etc.2.

7、 Briefly introduce to the students the development of translation in China.OKey leaching Points:1. The nature and evaluation criteria of translation.2. The difficulties involved in translating process.O Difficult leaching Points:1. The nature of translation.2. The evaluation criteria of translation.

8、3. The influence of language / cultural barriers on translation. Teaching Contents:1. Discussion: What is translation? What is a successful translation? What difficulties might occur in translating process?A. What is translation?1. Key words:source language(SL) / receptor language / target language(

9、TL); reproduce; message / information; equivalence / correspondence2. Nature of translation (Eugene A. Nida):Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.3. Classif

10、ication of translation:a. Oral interpretation / written translationb. Human translation / machine translationc. Literary / scientific / political / commercial translationd. Domestication (naturalization) / foreignization (estrangement, alienation)e. Literal translation / free translationB. What is a

11、 successful translation?1. 严复:信、达、雅(faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance)2. 傅雷:以效果而论,翻译应当象临画一样,所求的不在形似而在神似3. 钱钟书:诱、讹、化4. Eugene A. Nida: natural / close; dynamic/functional equivalenceC. What difficulties might occur in translating process?1. Language / Cultural BarriersTranslatability is lower wh

12、en (1) the work to be translated is quite distant both in time and space; (2) its form is very much unique; (3) the content is not shared in the two cultures. Betrayal: Loss / Distortion2. Example analysis:a.东边日出西边雨,道是无喷却有喷.b.纵苇之所如,凌万顷之茫然c. The whole sky spangled gay twinkling stars, and the Milky W

13、ay is as distinct as though it had been washed and rubbed with snow for holiday.整个天空点缀着繁星,快活地眨着眼。那么清楚地显现出来,就好像有人在过节以前用雪把它擦洗过似的。d. He made you a highway to my bed;But I, a maid, die maiden-widowed.一 Romeo and Juliet译文1:他要借你做牵引相思的桥梁可是我却要做一个独守空闺的怨女而死去。译文2:他本要借你做捷径,登上我的床;可怜我这处女,活守寡,到死是处女。3. In the long

14、run there is a tendency: translation itself can convert intranslatability into translatability.e.g. crocodiles tears; science / democracyII. The Role of Translator:The craft of translator is . deeply ambivalent; it is exercised in a radical tension between impulses to facsimile and impulses to appro

15、priate recreation.一 George Steiner 译者的技艺是个深刻的矛盾体。这种技艺是在两种冲动的极度张之间形成的: 一方面是依样画葫芦的冲动,另一方面又有适当再创作的冲动。A. Metaphors for translator:1. A courier of the human spirits (普希金)2. A sculptor who tries to recreate a work of painting3. A straitjacketed dancer4. A musician / an actor5. Traduttori-traditori (Transl

16、ators are traitors.)B. Responsibility of translator:1. Competent linguistic ability & bicultural knowledge2. Being as transparent as possible3. Being a good negotiatorIII. The Development of Translation in China:翻译史上的三个高峰期:1 .汉至唐宋佛经的转译:支谦;鸠摩罗什;道安;玄奘2 .明清以后西欧科技文化的引进:徐光启;严复;林纾;（译并世数严林一康有为）3 .五四之后的现代阶段

17、:郭沫若；鲁迅；瞿秋白；傅雷;钱钟书IV. Homework:(P. 46)新世纪大学英汉翻译教程 Title of Lesson: Contrast between English and Chinese （1）Week 2OTime Needed: Two periods （ 40 minutes per period ）O leaching Objectives:1. Introduce to the students some basic diflerences between English and Chinese.2. Briefly analyze the influence o

18、f these differences on translating.OKey leaching Points:The difference of language embodies the difference in thinking styles.O Difficult leaching Points:The embodiment of different syntactic features in translating processO leaching Contents:I. Thinking Style and DictionA. Insubstantial （虚）vs. Subs

19、tantial （实）1. Embodimente.g. In this new year, we face momentous uncertainties: war （or wars）, a weak economy.译:这新的一年里,我们面临着战争（乃至连续的战争）、经济低迷等一系列重大的不确定円本。2. Visualizatione.g. utterly quiet 鸦雀无声e.g. In 1966 the North Korean team made it to the quarter finals.译:1966年,北朝鲜队成功地踢进了四分之一决赛。B. Static （静）vs. D

20、ynamic （动）Examples:1） Compare the following two sentences and decide which one is better:a） The pop star appeared on the stage, which caused the audience to stand up and applaud.b） The pop stars presence on the stage brought the audience to their feet in applause.2）rFranslate the following sentence:

21、They are the employers of managers as much as they are the employs of workpeople. 译:他们不仅雇佣工人也雇佣经理。II. Thinking Style and SyntaxA. Hypotaxis （从属结构）vs. Parataxis （并列结构）e.g. It is a pity, however, that Dr. Thomas seems not to have learned the real lesson that history offers us namely, that the “great b

22、reakthroughs“ in any technology are always preceded by a radical change in how we view ourselves, and how we behave.（流水句）译:在任何技术取得“重大突破”之前,我们的行为和对自己的看法都会发生剧变 举便是历史给我们的教训。遗憾的是,托马斯大夫似乎并未真正理解这 点。（竹节句）B. Impersonal vs. Personal1. Inanimate noun （无灵名词）as subject e.g. Doubts began to creep into peoples mi

23、nds about the likely success of the project.译:!1渐渐对这项计划成功的可能性产生了怀疑2. Preparatory word: ite.g. It hurts! （it”: unspecified word 虚义词）好疼!e.g.Jt just struck me that I still owe you for the concert tickets.译:忽然想起还欠你音乐会的门票钱.3. Passive voice （hidden agent/doer）e.g. It is generally believed that Hong Kong w

24、ill continue to keep its prosperity and stability after its return to China.译:人们普遍认为香港回归后会继续保持繁荣和稳定。C. Subject-Prominent （主语句）vs. Topic-Prominent （主题句）Examples:1） We could only build one house with these materials.译:咨华材料只够我们盖栋房子。2） I regard it as an honor that I am invited to your wedding.译:被邀请参加您的婚

25、礼,我感到很荣幸。3） Bright colors and bold strokes characterize his early painting.译：他早期绘画的特征是色彩明亮、笔触大胆。III. Homework1. Now that you are in for it, you must carry on.2. Cigarettes were the death of me.3. If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening does not wish to ge

26、t into trouble, he will return the umbrella to No. 10 Broad Street.4. If you confer a benefit, never remember it; if you receive one, remember it always.5. Her sighs made it clear that she was unhappy.6. They had no running water where they lived. Nor did they have any conveniences of life such as g

27、as and electricity.7. Theatre will be reinvented and become much freer and more imaginative.8. Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing.9. By the end of the war, 800 people had been saved by the organ

28、ization, but at a cost of 200 Belgian and French lives.10. It should be noted that he and she were extremely close allies.Reference versions:1 .你既然沾上了手,就得干下去。（形象化）2 .香烟断送了我的性命.（静-动）3 .上星期日傍晚,有人曾见某君在市教堂取走雨伞一把。取伞者如不愿卷入纠纷,还是将伞送至布劳德街10号为妙。（流水句一竹节句）4 . 施恩勿记,受恩勿忘.（省略连接词）5 . 她唉声叹气,这说明她不快乐。（物称一人称）6 .他们住的地方没

29、有自来水,也没有煤气和电这类生活上的便利设施。（主语-主题）7 .戏剧将脱胎换骨,变得更自由、更富想象。（被动-主动:受事者+动词）8 .如今人们知道,如果食物中抉少了某些重要的成分,即使其中不含有任何有害的物质,也会引起严重的疾病。（被动句泛称句）9 . 大战结束时,这个组织拯救了 800人,但那是以200多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。（施事者直接作主语）10 .应当指出,他和她是极为密切的盟友。（被动句无主句） Title of Lesson: Contrast between English and Chinese (2)Week 3OTime Needed: Two periods

30、 ( 40 minutes per period )O leaching Objectives:1. Introduce to the students some basic diflerences between English and Chinese.2. Briefly analyze the influence of these differences on translating.OKey leaching Points:1. Lexical differences;2. Syntactic differences.O Difficult leaching Points:The em

31、bodiment of different syntactic features in translating processO leaching Contents:I. Comment on the homeworkII. Lexical DifferencesA. Word meaning1. Exact equivalente.g. the Pacific Ocean; palace (*compare with dragon)2. No equivalente.g. mascon, cosplay - a tendency of translatability (e.g. bar, d

32、isco)3. Partial equivalenta. Polysemy ( 词多义)e.g. aunt, bird, drink, homelye.g. to cut wheat / cake / finger-nailse.g. to have dinnerto have a beardto have very little Spanishto have doubts about their loyaltyto have a letter from my cousinto have a difficult timeb. Homonymy (同形/同音异义)e.g. can; lead;

33、bill; reed / readc. Fixed expressionse.g. ready money / pocket money / easy money / hard money e.g. Its six of one and half a dozen of the other.B. Word order1. Attributive modifiersExamples:1) something important 重要的事2) the ancient Chinese poet 中国古代诗人3) a little, yellow, ragged Jame, unshaven begga

34、r 一个身材瘦小的叫化子,面黄肌瘦,衣衫褴褛,胡子拉渣的,还痛着腿4) a candidate with little chance of success 一个当选不望极微的候选人2. Adverbial modifiersExamples:1) to develop rapidly 迅速发展;extremely fast 快极了 极快2) With a bag of books we walked across the garden in the gray lighl of the dawn. 我们提着一袋书,在晨曦中穿过了花园。3) He was quick to use self-dep

35、recating humor to throw anyone off the scent. 为了迷惑别人,他机灵地说些自我挖苦的笑话。4) He was born in Rome on May 27, 1980.他是1980年5月27日在罗马出生的。/他于1980年5月27日出生于罗马。III. Syntactic DifferencesA. Transformation of sentence structure1. Simple Sentence Complex Sentencee.g. His superior grades at high school enabled him to e

36、nroll at the tuition-free College of the City of New York.由于在中学成绩优异,他进入了免费的纽约市立大学。2. Complex Sentence Simple Sentencee.g. That he will come to the discussion is certain.他肯定会来参加讨论的。e.g. He doesnt know what life means to him他不知道人生的意义。3. Complex Sentence 一 Complex Sentencee.g. Our men had gone quite a

37、distance off before the enemy reinforcement troops came up.我们的队伍已经走得很远了,敌人的增援部队赶上来。e.g. This place is really beautiful, and many people bring their wives and families out here to live,这地方实在漂亮,(所以)许多人都带着家小搬来居住。4. Inverted Order 一 Natural Ordere.g. Little did I then know the meaning of war and what it

38、 was in reality.当时我确实还不太懂得战争的意义以及战争实际上是怎么回事。5. Passive Voice Active Voicee.g. He is respected by everybody.人人都尊敬他。e.g. I was told not to trust what I read in the newspaper,有人告诉我不要相信报纸上读到的消息。B. Sentence order1. Time ordere.g. He had flown in just the day before from Georgia where he had spent his vac

39、ation basking in the Caucasian sun after the completion of the construction job he had been engaged in in the South.译:他本来在南部从事项建筑工程;任务完成之后,他就上格鲁吉亚去度假, 享受高加索的阳光,昨天才坐飞机回来。2. Logic ordera. Cause-result ordere.g. He had to stay at home yesterday owing to the bad weather.b. Condition -result ordere.g. Sh

40、e will play the piano only if she is paid,只有付给她报酬,她愿意演奏钢琴。IV. HomeworkA. Presentation task:PK台- Please find the full word of PK and its original meaning. Any related information would also be appreciated.- Make a PPT document to present what you have learned about PK stage, which should not be longe

41、r then 5 minutes.- At the end of the PPT, put in the source of your knowledge and the names of all your group members also.B. Translate the following paragraph:It seemed a point scored for her side when Joanne, panicked that her father-in-law would bungle the turnoff for the Pulaski Skyway, shattere

42、d the tip of her cigarette against the back of the seat and a live ash fell on the babys belly. It went unnoticed for a second until Corinne screamed; then they all saw it, a little flea of fire glowing beside the perfect navel. Joanne jumped, and squealed with guilt, and flapped her hands and stamp

43、ed her feet and hugged the baby against her, but the evidence could not be destroyed; a brown dot of char on the globe of immaculate skin. Corinne continued her screams, splicing them with shrill hard gasps of intake, while everyone rummaged through purses and pockets for Vaseline, butter, toothpast

44、e 一 anything for an urgent. Mother had a tiny bottle of toilet water given her in a department store; Joanne dabbed some of this on, and in time Corinne, shaken by more and more widely spaced spasms of sobbing, mercifully dragged her injury with her into the burrow of sleep.Reference version:琼恩正以为自己

45、领先了一分呢,忽然间她的公公在拐弯驶向普拉斯基公路时差一点要出车祸；她惊之下,手里的烟头碰上车座靠背,发烫的烟灰（燃着的烟灰）落在了婴儿的肚子上。起初的一瞬间谁也没有注意,等到科琳大声哭了起来,大家这才看见有跳蚤那么大的颗火星儿在那十全十美的肚脐边上闪着亮。琼恩弹（蹦）了起来,满怀罪恶感地尖叫着,又是拍手又是跺脚,把孩子紧紧搂在怀里。然而罪证是无法销毁的了, 在白壁无瑕的滚圆的肚皮上,烫出了一粒棕色的圆点.科琳哭得死去活来，不时凄厉地倒抽一口气。这时大家翻钱包,摸衣兜,找凡士林，黄油,牙膏总之,能当药膏用的就行.母亲拿出小瓶花露水，是一家百货公司的赠品;琼恩把它轻轻地抹在孩子的伤处上.渐渐地,

46、科琳抽噎的间歇拉长了,又过了一阵，她总算饶了他们,带着伤进入了梦乡.O Title of Lesson: Transfer of Word MeaningWeek 4OTime Needed: Two periods ( 40 minutes per period )O leaching Objectives:Acquaint the students with a general idea about how to transfer the wording meaning properly.OKey leaching Points:1. Choice of word meaning.2. C

47、ommendatory sense and derogatory sense3. Amplification of word meaningO Difficult leaching Points:1. Commendatory sense and derogatory sense2. Amplification of word meaningO leaching Contents:I. RepresentationII. Comment on the homeworkIII. Choice of Wording Meanings (词义的选择)A. Context:The meaning and/or the word class of a poly seme can only be decided in certain context. For example: 1. cover:a. They laid him on a stretcher and covered him with a blanket.b. The bandages were covered in blood.c. We covered 400km