真题演练演练真题真题演练英语四级真题考研英语真题.docx

《真题演练演练真题真题演练英语四级真题考研英语真题.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《真题演练演练真题真题演练英语四级真题考研英语真题.docx（134页珍藏版）》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、真题演练2006年6月英语四级真题Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheetl.For questions 1-7 markY (for TES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the pa

2、ssage;N (for NO)if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.HighwaysEarly in the 20th century, most of the streets and roads in

3、the U.S. were made of dirt, brick, and cedar wood blocks. Built for horse, carriage, and foot traffic, they were usually poorly cared for and too narrow to accommodate (容纳)automobiles.With the increase in auto production, private turnpike (收费公路)companies under local authorities began to spring up, a

4、nd by 1921 there were 387,000 miles of paved roads. Many were built using specifications of 19th century Scottish engineers Thomas Telford and John Mac Adam (for whom the macadam surface is named), whose specifications stressed the importance of adequate drainage. Beyond that, there were no national

5、 standards for size, weight restrictions, or commercial signs. During World War I, roads throughout the country were nearly destroyed by the weight of trucks. When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, after serving in the U.S. Armys first transcontinental motor convoy (车队)，he noted:u Th

6、e old convoy had started me thinking about good, two-lane highways, but Germanys Autobahn or motorway had made me see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land. ”It would take another war before the federal government would act on a national highway system. During World War II, a tremendous incr

7、ease in trucks and new roads were required. The war demonstrates how critical highways were to the defense effort. Thirteen per cent of defense plants received all their supplies by truck, and almost all other plants shipped more than half of their products by vehicle. The war also revealed that loc

8、al control of highways had led to a confusing variety of design standards. Even federal and state highways did not follow basic standards. Some states allowed trucks up to 36,000 pounds, while others restricted anything over 7,000 pounds. A government study recommended a national highway system of 3

9、3,920 miles, and Congress soon passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, which called for strict, centrally controlled design criteria.The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century. To build its 44,000-mil

10、e web of highways, bridge, and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Consider the many geographic features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, desserts, and plains. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavem

11、ent to support the load, the intensity of road use, and the nature of the underlying soil. Urban areas were another problem. Innovative designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, f

12、orever altering the face of America.Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like Fort McHenry in Maryland and Mt, Baker in Washington, met many of the nations physical challenges. Traffic control s

13、ystems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns.Today, the interstate system links every major city in the U.S. and the U.S. with Cana

14、da and Mexico. Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited access. The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S. roads (0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger

15、miles compared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads).By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country, spurred the growth of suburbs, and provide people with greater options in terms of jo

16、bs, access to cultural programs, health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they cherish most personal freedom of mobility.The interstate system has been an essential element of the nations economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: m

17、ore than 75 percent of the nations freight deliveries arrive by truck; and most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle. Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin

18、-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads, residential streets, expressways, and freeways

19、 built to support millions of vehicles. The highway system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vision and leadership. The year construction began he said: Together, the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear United S

20、tates. Without them, we would be a mere alliance of many separate parts.w注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1. National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921.2. General Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorways made more sense than the two-lane highways of America.3. It was in the 1950 that the Ameri

21、can government finally took action to build a national high way system.4. Many of the problems presented by the countrys geographical features found solutions in innovative engineering projects.5. In spite of safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of o

22、ther American roads.6. The interstate highway system provides access between major military installations in America.7. Service stations, motels and restaurants promoted the development of the interstate highway system.8. The greatest benefit brought about by the interstate system was.9. Trucks usin

23、g the interstate highways deliver more than.10. The interstate system was renamed after Eisenhower in recognition ofPart IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25minutes)Section ADirection: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank

24、from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use

25、any of the words in the bank more than once.EI Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange _47_ happens every five to eight years. It starts in the pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds (信风)，whi

26、ch affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in _48_, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5.The warning of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid (潮湿的)air over the ocean causes severe _4

27、9_ thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America, _50_ floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and _51_.EI Nino usually lasts f

28、or about 18 months. The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most _52_ weather in modem history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds _53_ of damage. The 1990 EI Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists _54_ this to be the longest EI Nino for 2,

29、000 years.Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an EI Nino will _55_, but they are still not _56_ sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答A)estimateI)completelyB)strengthJ)destructiveC)deliberatelyK)starvationD)notifyL)bringingE)tropicalM)exhaustion

30、F)phenomenonN)worthG)stableO)strikeH)attractionSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding l

31、etter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has found that

32、 people are twice likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded 一 and can come back to haunt (困扰)you 一 appears to be the key to the finding.Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communic

33、ations diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21

34、per cent of instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls.His results, to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected e-mailers to be the biggest liar

35、s, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接触)of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication.But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conver

36、sation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.People are also more likely to lie in re

37、al time in an instant message or phone call, say 一 than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous (脱口而出的)responses to an unexpected demand, such as : Do you like my dress?”Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their

38、 employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But given his results, work assessment, where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57. Hancocks study focuses on.A) the conseq

39、uences of lying in various communications mediaB) the success of communications technologies in conveying ideasC) peoples references in selecting communication technologiesD) peoples honesty levels across a range of communications media 58. Hancocks research finding surprised those who believed that

40、.A) people are less likely to lie in instant messagesB) people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactionsC) people are most likely to lie in email communicationD) people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations59. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth

41、through certain media of communication?A) They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies.B) They believe that honesty is the best policy.C)rrhey tend to be relaxed when using those media.D) They are most practiced at those forms of communication.60. According to Hancock, the telephone is a p

42、referable medium for promoting sales because. A) salesmen can talk directly to their customersB) salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerateC) salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthyD) salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively61. It can be inferred from the passage that.A) ho

43、nesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communicationsB) more employers will use emails to communicate with their employeesC) suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposes D) email is now the dominant medium of communication within a companyPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 ar

44、e based on the following passage.In a country that defines itself by ideals, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come, work and live here? In the wake of the Sept. 11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing.On Dec. 11, 2001, as part of the effort to increase homeland securi

45、ty, federal and local authorities in 14 states staged “Operation Safe Travel - raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification. In Salt Lake City there were 69 arrests. But those captured were anything but terrorists, most of them illegal immigrants from Central or South America. Aut

46、horities said the undocumented workers illegal status made them open to blackmail by terrorists.Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods.Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent.

47、t4Were saying we want you to work in these places, were going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, and then when its convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security, especially after Sept. 11, then youre disposable. There are whole families being u

48、prooted for all of the wrong reasons,“ Anderson said.If Sept. 11 had never happened, the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely. And Castro, a manager at a Ben & Jerrys ice cream shop at the airport, had been working 10 ye

49、ars with the same false Social Security card when she was arrested in the December airport raid. Now she and her family are living under the threat of deportation (驱逐出境).Castros case is currently wailing to be settled. While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben & Jerry