国际贸易（英文）（广东外语外贸大学）.docx

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1、国际贸易（英文）（广东外语外贸大学）广东省省级精品课程国际贸易第一章导论广东外语外贸大学 何元贵教授Jan., 2010Chapter 1： INTRODUCTION 1. General Review1、 The History and Station of the Course International Trade Soviet Model in Early Times.International Economics in 90 s.One of Compulsory Course for Students Majored in Economics.2、 The Relation bet

2、ween International Trade and other Subjects2. 1 The Subject Origin of International TradeInternational Economics(International Trade and InternationalFinance)EconomicsPhilosophy2. 2 International Trade vs Philosophy & Science2. 3 The Relation between International Trade and other Coursesin Inter

3、national Trade SubjectEconomics is the forward course , especially Microeconomics；It, s the forward course of WTO, Transnational Corperations , International Investment, and etc；It s the parallel course with General Review of Chinese Foreign Trade.3、 Reference Material1) Peter Lindert (彼得.林得特)，Inter

4、national Economics,上海译 文出版社，1985.2) Dominick Salvatore, International Economics, Eighth Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2004.3)Paul Krugman and Maurice Obstfeld, International Economics: Theory and Policy (Fifth Edition), Addison-Westley Publishing Company , 2000.4) All kinds acdemic journals a

5、nd newpapers, such as: International Trade, Journal of International Trade 、 World Economy International Business Daily 人大报刊复印资料。5) Internet. Such as:中华人民共和国商务部.htm4、 Plan and Arrangement1) 3 hours classes study every week;2) 3homeworks,oneiscoursepaper;3) 1seminar4) 1final test5) 1innovativeteachin

6、gclass6) Course EvaluationThe grading system for the course is based on the students, academic performance. That includes :30% homework & class performance +70% final exam. 2. The Emergence & Development of International Trade & the theory of International Trade1、 The Emergence & Dev

7、elopment ofInternational Trade1. 1 ConceptInternational trade is the exchange activity of goods and services across international borders or territories.Foreign trade is the exchange activity of goods and services between one country (district) with others.1. 2 The Prerequisite for Emergence of Inte

8、rnational Trade(1) There are surplus products for exchange;(2) Establishment of national states with their own sovereignty.1. 3 The History of International Trade1) The early international trade occurred in ancient Roma and Greece. Definitely, it s only trade between districts” .2) Only after indust

9、rial revolution, international trade and world market had definitely formed and got developed.3) After the Second World War, international trade entered a new developing era, especially in the fields of service trade, Transnational Corperations , International Investment.Value of World Merchandise T

10、radeUnit: US$ hundred million （亿美圆）63728. 7561648. 40200035565. 0934250. 43199020474. 2519936. 2519803289. 213145.8119701194. 001131. 001960580, 00554. 001950ImportExportYear1.4 The History of Chinese Foeign TradeEarly in Xihan, China started trade with Middle East and Europe through the famous Silk

11、 Road” 。From the set of Silk Road to the Opium War (1840-1842) ”，the development of Chinese foreign trade were stganantoUntil mid 19 s, China had benn opened its foreign trade door by European and American artillery。China casted off the control of western countries only after the New China founded i

12、n 1949. But then, for the reasons such as embargo from western countries which leaded by U. S. , China had to carry on closed-door policy again. And its foreign trade failed into stagnancy once more.So, the export ratio of China in the world dropped from 1. 9% in 1959 to 0. 8% in 1969, then 0. 74% i

13、n 1978!After 1978, Chinese foreign trade entered into a fast developing period. From 1978 to 2006 , the value of Chinese merchandise trade increased from US$ 20640 million (206. 4 亿美圆)to US$ 1760690 million, the yearly average growth rate is over 15%, far more than that of other countries and the wo

14、rld average growth. China became the third country of trade in the world.Chinese service trade got developed in late 80 s. The value of service export increased from the only US$ 2700 million in 1982 to US$ 5748 million in 1990, then US$ 157081 million in 2005, and became the eighth service export c

15、ountry in the world.Questions(homework 1)：(1) Balance of foreign trade of China in 2008 and 2009 ?(2) Balance of srevice trade of China in 2008 and 2009 ?(3) How about the Chinese ratio and rank in world trade?(4)Statistic trade datas of other main countries.2、 The Produce & Development of the T

16、heory of International Trade 国际贸易中充满的异国情调和浪漫主义色彩，在历史上曾使许多国家的 商人、航海家、旅行家和小说家为之神往。他们的口述笔扎在促进各族人民的经 济贸易交往中曾起过很大作用。错综复杂的国际贸易问题也吸引了各个时代的经 济学家们的注意力。每一代的著名经济学家都参加到国际贸易问题的讨论中。经 典作家和其他一些著名的经济学家曾在这上面倾注过大量的心血。(姚曾荫，国际贸易概论，第8页，人民出版社，1987)The Development Track ofInternational Trade TheoryEarly 15 s-Mid 18 s, Merc

17、antilism;Mid 18 s, Trade based on absolute advantage (Adam Smith) ； trade based on comparative advantage (David Ricardo )；After 20 s, H-0 Model ；The Leontief Paradox by W. W. Leontief ;Specific factor model by Paul Samuelson ；Bhagwati Effect by Jagdish Bhagwati；Intra-industry Trade Model by Paul Kru

18、gman；Trade Model in Product Cycle by Raymond Vernon.3、 Study PatternInternational trade theory is divided to:Positive theoryNormative theoryPositive Analysis：Mainly shows the relations between economic variables, analyses the reasons and results of all kinds trade behavior and policys, but not give

19、judgment and comment. Positive Analysis is a kind of technical analysis.Normative Analysis：is mainly the diagnosis and judgment or comment to the results of positive analysis . And the diagnosis and comment reflect different cognition and value 6view.Relation between Positive Analysis and Normative

20、Analysis:Usually closely related, can not be cutted. Positive analysis supply the basis for normative analysis. A theory without positive analysis is always short of conviction o On the other hands, if a theory only composed by positive analysis but no normative analysis, it 11 lose its economic soc

21、ial significance.50, international trade theory should be the unite of positive analysis and normative analysis.Most statements are not easily categorized as purely positive or purely normative.4 Usual Economic Analysis Tools(1) The autarky equilibrium analysisproduction possibility frontier (PPF),

22、opportunity cost, indifference curve；(2) Part equilibrium analysissupply curve, demand curve.Implicationsfor the production possibility frontierThe marginal rate of transformation (MRT) increases as more units of good X are produced.The marginal rate of transformation is another name for opportunity

23、 cost.The value of MRT is given by the slope of the PPF.Community indifference curvesA community indifference curve displays the combinations of two products that offer the community the same level of satisfaction.Characteristics of community indifference curves:Negative slopeConvex to the originDif

24、ferent curves do not crossCommunity indifference curveYIIIIIIXThe marginal rate of substitution (MRS) falls as more of good X is consumed.The MRS is the amount of one commodity that must be given up as one gains additional units of another commodity.The autarky equilbriumAutarky exists in the absenc

25、e of international trade.The autarky equilibrium occurs when maximum societal satisfaction has been obtain from available production.This will occur when one community indifference curve is tangent to the PPF.XYReview : Cl. INTRODUCTION 1. General Review 概述1、国际贸易课程的历史及其地位2、国际贸易与其他学科之间的关系3、国际贸易课程学习参考

26、资料4、本学期学习安排2,国际贸易及其理论的产生和发展概述1、国际贸易的产生和发展（世界和中国）2、国际贸易理论的发展3、国际贸易的研究方法4、国际贸易研究常用的经济分析工具广东省省级精品课程国际贸易Chapter 2Basic Classification of Foreign Trade and Statistics Index广东外语外贸大学国际经贸学院卢立岩副教授Chapter: 2Basic Classification of Foreign Trade and Statistics Index2. 1 Basic Classification of Foreign TradeFor

27、eign Trade can be classify to different type basic on the different ways. Details as follows:2. 1. 1 On The Basic of Trasit, Foreign Trade can be Classify as:Export Trade: one country sells its commodities or services to other country.Import Trade: one country buys commodities or services from other

28、 contry.Transit Trade: when country A trasit commodities to country B through country C, it is called Transit Trade to country C.2.1.2 On The Basic of Style of Commodity, Foreign Trade can be Classify to:Goods Trade: The trading material is tangible. It is the main parp in international trade.Servic

29、e Trade: The trade is intangible. The services generally include the following categories: wholesale and ratail trade, restaunts andhotels,transport, storage,communications, financialservices, insurance, real estate, business services, personal services, community services, social services and gover

30、nment services.The amount of service trade grows rapidly in the resent years. It is getting more and more important in the international trade.2. 1.3 On the Basic of Different Standard for what is Import and Export, the Trade can be Classify to:General Trade: the country calculate its import and exp

31、ort amount as soon as the trading commodities move across its frontierSpecial Trade: the country calculate its import and export amount as soon as the trading commodities move across its customs area2. 1. 4 On the Basic of Different different terms of trade, the Trade can be Classify to:Direct Trade

32、: the manufaturing country and the consuming country buys and sells the commodities directly.Indirect Trade: the manufaturing country and the consuming country buys and sells the commodities indirectly through the third partyEntrepot Trade: the indirect trade to the third party2. 1. 5 On the Basic o

33、f Different terms of transportation, the Trade can be Classify to:Trade by Roadway: the trading commodities are transported by roadwayTrade by Seaway: the trading commodities are transported by seawayTrade by Airway: the trading commodities are transported by airwayTrade by mail order: the trading c

34、ommodities are transported by mail order2. 2 Statistics Index of Foreign Trade2. 2. 1 Value of Trade and Quantum of TradeValue of Trade: It provides the total value on export and import to a nation or the total value on export to the world. It is accounted on the basic of instant price.The export va

35、lue of the worldThe export and import value of ChinaQuantum of Trade: It provides the total value on export and import to a nation or the total value on export to the world. But It is accounted on the basic of price index.Value of Trade and Quantum of Trade provide the information on the trading sit

36、uation to a nation or to the world. The difference between of them is the former is accounted on the basic of instant price which makes it would be affected by the change of price; the latter is accounted on the basic of price index which makes it would not be affected by the change of prics.2.2.2 B

37、alance of Foreign TradeBalance of Foreign Trade: It provides information on the balance of export and import to a nation. It is an important part of Balance of Payment to a nation.When export is over import, it is called Export Surplus;When import is over export, it is called Import Surplus;When exp

38、ort equals to import, it is called the trade under balance.2. 2. 3 Net Export and Net ImportNet Export: Export is over import in the same commodity. It shows that this commodity to the nation is more competitive in the world market.Net Import: Import is over export in the same commodity. It shows th

39、at this commodity to the nation is less competitive in the world market.2. 2.4 Composition of TradeComposition of Trade: It provides information on the percentage of goods and services in the trade.Another important concept is:Commodity Composition of Trade: It provides information on the percentage

40、 of manufactures and the primary products.2. 2. 5 Trade by RegionTrade by Region, it is also called Geographical Composition of Trade: It provides information on the ratio of a nation, s export and import value to the total trade value in the international market. It shows the importance of a nation

41、 in the world market.2. 2. 6 Degree of Dependence upon Foreign TradeDegree of Dependence upon Foreign Trade: It is the ratio between Trade Value and GDP. It shows the importance of foreign trade to the domestic economy in a nation.广东省省级精品课程国际贸易Chapters：Classical International Trade Theory第三章 古典国际贸易理

42、论广东外语外贸大学何元贵教授Jan., 2010What shall we do in this chapter?In this chapter, we 11 review the history, follow the thought of Adam Smith and David Ricardo about the division of labour and foreign trade. In this way, we get to know how international trade theory occurred and developed, how the model of i

43、nternational trade theory modified and developed by breaking through the theoretical limitoWe should know:(1) What is the basis of trade?(2) What is the price of trade?(3) What are the gains from trade? 1. Mercantilism*、The Building Time & Background of MercantilismThe early study and theory of

44、international trade almost all came from the books of Mercantilism.Mercantilism is a kind of popular economic philosophy during the period of western European system turning from feudalism to capitalism, definitely from 16 s to 18 s early times.二、Mercantilism Viewon Trade & Economy1. What is wea

45、lth?The Mercantilist answer was the stock of precious metals possessed by a country.2. How can precious metals be obtained?Extraction from naturally occurring stocksThis option is available to few countriesEarn precious metals through exports of goods and servicesSince payment for exports is made wi

46、th precious metals, exporting causes precious metals to flow into a countrySimilarly, since payment for imports is also made with precious metals, importing causes precious metals to flow out of country3. The natural conclusion - exports must exceed imports for a country to become wealthy!4. Can thi

47、s condition hold for all countries?No!Therefore, the wealth of one country must come at the expense of another country.5. Mercantilist policyStrict government control over economic activity to ensure a positive trade balance6. A further look at the MercantilistsMercantilism was the economic philosophy adopted by merchants and statesmen during the 16th and 17th centuries. Mercantilists believed that a nation s wealth came primarily from the accumulation of gold and silver. Nations without mines could