高二英语语法词汇突破讲义.doc

《高二英语语法词汇突破讲义.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高二英语语法词汇突破讲义.doc（23页珍藏版）》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 高二英语词汇突破1高二英语语法突破讲义高二英语语法突破讲义主讲：李健主讲：李健欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材Unit 1一、高考词汇复习要点及方法 1、 听力：跳过单词的形而直接将音与义联系起来，并注意对话的背景 2、 单选：以考察语法为主，但需注意连词、代词、情态动词 3、 完形填空：注重单词的辨析，尤其是形近及义近词汇 4、 阅读：注重对单词引申义的辨别及超纲单词的推测 5、 改错：注意对名词、代词、介词及连词的关注 6、 作文：保证不出现拼写错误，只选择熟悉的单词 一、高考语法复习要点加方法 1、 听力：基本没有复杂语法，以简单句

2、为主 2、 单选：重点注意几种语法现象：时态、语态、非谓语动词及交际用语、 3、 完形填空：以单词考察为主，语法处于辅助地位 4、 阅读：关键在于对复杂句的掌握 5、 改错：时态是重点 6、 作文：选择简单语法，确保正确表达 二、单词记忆法 1、词根词缀记忆法。 例如：dis- 表示否定意义 dislike，disorder， dishonest ，disappear 2、合成记忆法： 例如：undertake; basketball; wheelchair 3、读音记忆法例如：agriculture; exploration; intelligent 4、机械记忆法。 例如：take-too

3、k-taken, cut-cut-cut, lose-lost-lost, 新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 高二英语词汇突破25、谐音记忆法 例如：exhaust vt.使筋疲力尽；用完耗尽 n. 排气管 谐音：一个早死的他（谐音）-体力精力耗尽早早死去 flee vt.逃走 vi.消散 谐音：飞离(谐音)飞着就离开了,逃走 ambition n. 雄心勃勃的、野心的 谐音：俺必胜（谐音） 6、近形故事记忆法 例如：鸽子(dove)服药(dose)打瞌睡(doze)b-tter：黄油(butter)苦(bitter)一点(bit)更好(better) 三、动词不定式 1.不定式的句法功能

4、1）作主语： To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. To lose your heart means failure 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语 It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes It means failure to lose your heart. 2）作表语 Her job is to clean the hall. He appears to have caught a cold. 3）作宾语 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope

5、, wish, offer, fail 等。 We plan to study in the best university in China 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用 it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式） 后置，放在宾语补足语后面 Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 4）作定语 动宾关系 I have a meeting to attend. 注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词 He found a good house to live in. The c

6、hild has nothing to worry about. 如果不定式修饰 time, place, way，可以省略介词 He has no place to live. 说明所修饰名词的内容 We have made a plan to finish the work. 被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语 He is the first to get here. 5）作状语 表目的 She sold her hair to buy the watch chain。 注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致 To save money, every means has been tried

7、. 新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 高二英语词汇突破3To save money, he has tried every means. To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. 表结果 He arrived late to find the train gone. 常用 only 放在不定式前表示强调 I visited him only to find him out. 表原因 They were very sad to hear the new

8、s. 表让步或条件 A man would be blind not to see the truth. You shouldnt do that to save your own life. 6）作宾语补足语 宾语补足语说明宾语做了什么，正在做什么或去做什么常见动词：advise sb to do, ask sb to do 2.不定式的时态及语态 1）一般式 结构：to do Im glad to meet you. He seems to know a lot 2）进行式 结构：to be doing The boy pretended to be working hard. He se

9、ems to be reading in his room. 3）完成式 结构：to have done I regretted to have told a lie He is pleased to have met his friend. 3.不定式的被动语态 结构：to be done That is my honor to be invited to join the party. I wish to be excused. 3.典型例题1. There are five pairs of shoes _, but I am at a loss which to buy.A. to b

10、e chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing2. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _everything.A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told 4. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A. it what to do with B. what to do it wit

11、hC. what to do with it D. to do what with it 重点词汇 patient adj. 耐心的，忍耐的 n. 患者，病人 patience n. 耐心 30. You know, Bob is a little slow _ understanding, so.So I have to be patient _ him .A. in; with B. on ; with C. in; to D. at ; for （05 重庆） even if = even though = no matter新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 高二英语词汇突破4whet

12、her 是否 as if 仿佛 There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, _ she was an only child. Aever since Bnow that Ceven though Deven as（05 辽宁） bore: sth bore sb, sb be/get bored, sth be boring 35. Mr. Smith, _of the _ speech, started to read a novel.A. tired; boring B. tiring; boredC. tired: bored D.

13、 tiring; boring （03 北京 春季）五、易混单词及词组辨析 1. about , on The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism _ the wildlife in the area. A. in B. on C. at D. with B 2. accept receive 1)_ a reply, the decided to write again. (全国) A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Havin

14、g not received C 2) Mary finally_ Bruce as her life-long companion.(上海) A. received B. accepted C. made D. honored B 3. across cross over past through The sunlight came in _ windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.(上海) A. through B. across C. on D. over A 4. act action deed We all know that _

15、speak louder than words.(上海) A. movements B. performances C. operations D. actions D 5.affect effect 1) The new law will come into _ on the day it is passed.(上海) A. effect B. use C. service D. existence A 2)According to the new research gardening is a more _ exercise for older women than jogging or

16、swimming.(上海) A. mental B. physical C. effective D. efficient C 6.few a few little a little 1)It is impossible for so _ workers to do so _ work in a single day.(全国) A. few much B. few many C. little much D. little many A 2)Are the new rules working? Yes. _ hooks are stolen. (全国) A. Few B. More C. So

17、me D. None A 3)Theres _ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get _?(北京) A. little some B. little any C. a little some D. a little any A 7. after in later The doctor will be free _.(全国) A. 10 minutes later B. after 10 minutes C. in 10 minutes D. 10 minutes after C新东方在线

18、 网络课堂电子教材系列 高二英语词汇突破5Unit 2非谓语动词 过去分词在句中相当于名词、形容词及副词，因此可以做宾语、表语、定语、状语及宾语 补足语，但是不可做主语。 1、过去分词做定语知识总结与归纳：过去分词或过去分词短语可以用来修饰名词做定语。过去分词表达的内容与被修饰的名 词具有完成和被动关系，如果是单个过去分词则放在名词之前，如果是过去分词短语则放 在名词之后。语法结构：过去分词+名词 名词+过去分词短语1. Chen wrote about the efforts to bring stolen cultural relics back to China.2. The lette

19、r mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3.还有一些过去分词是表达人或物品的特性或状态，这些词已经被形容词化了，与其说 是过去分词，倒不如说是以 ed 结尾的形容词。1） The retired workers told him about their family life and their problem.2）Im going to buy some used books tomorrow. 2、过去分词做表语 过去分词在在 be 动词或其他动词后面做表语来描述人或物品的特性或状态，表示“感 觉，例句：1. He is interested

20、 in classical music. 2.The situation remains unchanged.注意：在许多句子中，be + done 可能表示被动意义，也可能表示主语所处的状态，是系 表结构。辨别方法主要有两个，其一是被动语态可以补充 By+动作的执行者而系表结构不 行，其二是系表结构可以用 well, very, much, quite 等副词修饰而被动语态则不行。 例如：Why is the glass broken? （系表结构）By whom is this glass broken? （被动语态） 3、过去分词做宾语补足语 语法结构总结：谓语动词+宾语+过去分词（do

21、ne）：done 短语做宾语补语，表示“宾语” 被；（过去分词与前面的宾语具有动宾关系） 。在这种句型里常用的谓语动词有：see; hear; find; get; have; notice; want; make; keep 等。例句：1. Why dont you get the job done by somebody else ?2. The police found a car abandoned by the roadside. 4、过去分词做状语1.表示原因，相当于原因状语从句Praised by the neighbors, he became the pride of his

22、 parents. 2表示动作发生的时间，相当于时间状语从句Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 高二英语词汇突破63.表示一个假设情况，相当于条件状语从句Given more time, Ill be able to do it better. 过去分词例题： 1. The Olympic Games ,_in 776 BC, didnt included women players until 1912.A. first playing B. to be first playedC. first played D.

23、to be first playing2. The film was so _ that everyone became _ at it. A. excited; exciting B. exciting; excited C. exciting; exciting D. excited; excited3. The first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having written B. to be written C. being written

24、 D. written 4. The next day they found that the door remained _, and that the boss was gone.A. to lock B. locking C. locked D. to be locked 5. At any rate, I did not succeed in making myself _ by you.A. understand B. understood C. understanding D. to understand6. The managers discussed the plan that

25、 they would like to see _ next year.A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out7._ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.（2006 年全国卷 I）A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprised8. _ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spir

26、its.（2006 福 建卷）A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed 在掌握了过去分词在句子中的一些用法之后我们来看一下过去分词与现在分词在句子 中充当同样成分时有那些区别 整体而言现在分词和过去分词都可以作表语、定语、状语和补语，现在分词表示主动 和进行，过去分词表示被动和完成。 1.作表语 现在分词表示主语的性质，过去分词表示主语的状态 The film Titanic is very moving. 表示性质，主语本身怎样 My hair is sold and gone. 表示状态，不在了2.作定语分词作定语时的逻辑主语就是被修

27、饰的词。当逻辑主语同分词是主动关系的时候就用现 在分词，否则就用过去分词。The books sealing with the Long March are sold out. The books written by Lu Xun are popular with young pople.3.作状语分词作状语，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，逻辑主语同分词是主动关系时使用现在分词， 否则即使用过去分词。Hearing a cry for help, he rushed out without delay.4.作补语区别同以上两点相同典型例题： 1. five people won the “ Ch

28、inas Green Figure ” award, a title _ to ordinary people for their contributions to environment protection. 2006 山东新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 高二英语词汇突破7A being given B is given C given D was given 2. _ with so much trouble , we failed to complete the task on time. 2006 四川A Faced B Face C Facing D To face Part

29、Two下面我请大家同我一起来学习一下同过去分词有关的另一个重要语法概念，即独立主格 结构。 1. 独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+过去分词； 2. 独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词是主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 举例：The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.The president assassinated, the whole country was in

30、deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 3. With 的复合结构作独立主格 表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用 with 的复合结构。 with +名词(代词)+过去分词 举例: He stood there, his hand raised.= He stood there, with his hand raise. 典型例题The murder was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back。A.

31、 being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 注意: 1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题： 当介词是 in 时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词） ，也不用复数。 但 with 的复合结构不受此限制A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. ( hand 前不能加 his)。 2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分 词，不及物动词用过去分词。He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking

32、straight up. 独立主格在高考中的出现频率也是比较高的，下面我通过几个练习来进一步掌握一下这部 分内容 例题： 1. His paper _, he will go abroad for further education.A being finished B is finished C finished D finishing 2. Five students joined in the discussion , John _A including B included C to include D include Part Three 高二阶段重点单词 1.stand 于 can

33、, could 连用表示经受，承受， 用于否定和疑问句中，强调不喜欢，无法容新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 高二英语词汇突破8忍，忍受 例：Modern plastics can _ very high and very low temperatures. 2005 山东 A stand B hold C carry D support 2. A is to B what C is to D = A is to B just as C is to D= (Just ) as C is to D, so is A to B= what C is to D, that is A to B 例：

34、Energy are to machines _ hearts are to animals. 2006 山东 A as B that C what D which 高考易混淆单词1.allow let permit promise 1) I didnt necessarily like work, but I loved what working _ me to have.(北京) A. asked B. told C. promised D. allowed 2.also either too Theres coffee and tea, you can have _. Thanks.(全

35、国) A. either B. each C. one D it 3. although though Mr. White understands that _ math has always been easy for him , it is not easy for the students.(北京春) A. unless B. since C. although D. when 4. another other others the other the others 1) Have you finished your report yet? No, Ill finish in _ the

36、 minutes.(全国) A. another B. other C. come D. less 2) Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers. Now she would like to read _ stories by writers from_ countries.(全国) A. some any B. other some C. some other D. other other 3) If you want to change for a double room youll have to pay_$15.(全国) A

37、. another B. other C. more D. each 4) Your performance in the driving test didnt reach the required standard _, you failed.(全国) A. in the end B. after all C. in other words D. at the same time 5) Shanghai is really a fascinating city and weve decided to stay for _ two weeks.(上海) A. another B. other

38、C. the other D. others 6. a number of the number of 1) The number of people invited_ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.(全国) A. were was B. was was C. was were D. were were 2)The young dancers looked to charming in their beautiful clothes that we took _ pictures of them.(上海)

39、A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large amount of 7. anxious eager 新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 高二英语词汇突破9She is _ to leave as soon as possible.(上海) A. hurried B. anxious C. worried D. nervous 8.any some When shall we meet again? Make it _ day you like , its all the same to me.(全国) A. one B. any C.

40、another D. some 9.all whole Youre always working. Come on, Lets go shopping. _ you ever want to do is going shopping.(北京春) A. Anything B. Something C. All D. That Unit 3句子结构 英文语句按照结构分为三种:简单句,并列句,复合句. 简单句的五种基本句型 1.主谓: Nobody knows. 2.主谓宾: I love you. 3.主谓双宾: He told us a story. 4.主谓宾补:We saw her read

41、ing. 5.主系表:You are my best friend. 并列句:由两个或者两个以上的简单句连在一起That is a good idea and I think we should do it now. 复合句:由一个主句同一个或者一个以上的从句构成,主句可以单独存在,分句不可以.The office that deal with passports is upstairs. The boy who is watching TV in the room is my brother.复合句分为两种: 名词性从句:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，它们在复合句中的功用相当于

42、名词，因此称为名词性从句，在句中分别作主语、表语、宾语以及同位语 形容词性从句:定语从句,在复合句中的作用相当于形容词,起修饰和说明的作用,因此称为 形容词性从句. 副词性从句:状语从句,在复合句中的作用相当于副词,因而称为状语从句 在此处从如何由词入手掌握句子的角度出发讲解从句的结构及使用之后突出一下三类从句 之间的区别与联系。名词性从句之间的联系与区别 1.主语从句,在复合句中作句子主语的从句 引导词：连词 that、whether;疑问代词 who, what, which;疑问副词 when, where, how, why 2.表语从句新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 高二英语词汇

43、突破10引导词：连词 that、whether; as if疑问代词 who, what, which;疑问副词 when, where, how, why 3.宾语从句在句中充当宾语的成分 引导词：连词 that、whether; if疑问代词 who, what, which;疑问副词 when, where, how, why 4.同位语从句：一般跟在某些名词后面，用以解释或说明前面的名词的内容 引导词: 连词 that, whether； 疑问代词 who, which, what 疑问副词 where, when, why, how 等 1、主语从句 1)连词 that（无词意）,

44、whether(是否), 在从句中不担任句子成分，只起连接作用; whether 能引导主语从句，而 if 不能That you dont like him has nothing to do with me. 2）疑问代词 who, what, which, 在从句中既作连接词又充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等 Who will be sent abroad to further his studies is not announced. Who 做 send 的 宾语What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play th

45、e violin so well. What 做从句的主语 Whatever was said here must be kept secret. Whatever 做从句的主语 3)疑问副词 when, where, how, why 在从句中充当时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因 状语When they will start hasnt been decided yet. Where the hero went is not mentioned at the end of the story. How he managed to finish the composition in 4)用 it 作形式主语时将 it 放在句首而将真正的主语放在从句中可以避免句子的头重脚轻.It is said that he has passed the exam. It