2022年初中英语：常见介词用法错误.docx

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1、2022年初中英语：常见介词用法错误 误 We got to the top of the mountain in daybreak. 正 We got to the top of the mountain at day break. 析 at用于具体时刻之前，如：sunrise， midday， noon， sunset， midnight， night. 误 Don’t sleep at daytime 正 Don’t sleep in daytime. 析 in 要用于较长的一段时间之内，如：in the morning / afternoon， 或 in the

2、 week / month / year. 或 in spring / supper /autumn / winter等等。 误 We visited the old man in Sunday afternoon. 正 We visited the old man on Sunday afternoon. 析 in the morning， in the afternoon 如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词都要改为on， 如：on a cold morning， on the morning of July 14th 误 He became a writter at his tw

3、enties 正 He became a writter in his twenties 析这句话应译为：他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词in来表示，而在具体岁数时用at来表示。 误 He went to New York to find a job in sixteen years old. 正 He went to New York to find a job at sixteen. 析 在具体年岁前用at， 如：at the age of 12， at your age，等等。 误 We went to swim in the river in a very h

4、ot day. 正 We went to swim in the river on a very hot day. 析 具体某一天要用介词on， 又如：on New Year“s Day 误 I”m looking forward to seeing you on Christmas. 正 I’m looking for ward to seeing you at Christmas. 析在节日的当天用on，而全部节日期间用at，Christmas是圣诞节期间，一般要有两周或更长的时间。 误 I haven’t see you during the summer hol

5、idays. 正 I haven’t seen you since the beginning of the summer holidays. 析 during表示在某一段时间之内，所以一般不与完成时搭配，如：I visited a lot of museums during the holiday. 而for表示一段时间，可以用于完成时，如：I haven“t see you for a long time. 而through 用来表示时间时则为“整整，全部的时间”。如：It rained through the night.而since则是表达主句动作的起始时间，一般要与完成时

6、连用。 误 At entering the classroom， I heard the good news. 正 On entering the classroom， I heard the good news. 析 On 加动名词表示“一.就”。本句的译文应是：我一进入教室就听见这个好消息了。又如：on hearing. 一听见， on arrival 一到达就.(on表示动作的名词) 误 In the beginning of the book， there are some interesting stories. 正 At the beginning of the book， the

7、re are some interesting stories. 析 at the begining与at the end都是指某事物的开始与结束部分，均不指时间范围，而in the beginning 则是指开始一段时间。in the end=at last是指“最终，终于”之意。 误 Till the end of next week. I will have finished this work. 正 By the end of next week. I will have finished this work. 析 by 引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点，其意思为“不迟于某一时刻将工作

8、做完”，所以主句一般是完成时态。当然可以有将来时态，如：I‘ll be there by five o”clock.而till则表达其一动作一直持续到某一时刻，但句中的动词一定要用持续性动词，而瞬间的截止性动词应用其否定句式，如：I won“t finish this work till(until) next weekend. 误 He came to London before last weekend. 正 He had come to London before last weekend. 正 He came to London two weeks ago. 析 befor

9、e 一般要与完成时连用，而ago则与一般过去时连用。 误 I have studied English for three years gince I had come here. 正 I have studied English for three years since I came here. 析 since用来表达主句动作的开始时间，所以其引出的从句中应为过去时，而不能用完成时态 误 I can help you repair this bike. You will get it after two hours. 正 I can help you repair this bike. Y

10、ou will get it in two hours. 析中文经常讲两小时之后来取，两天内会修好，而这个介词在英文中要用in而不要用after.其原因有二，after 多用于过去时，如：I arrived in New York. After three days， I found a job in the bank. after 加时间是表达一个不确定的时间范围，如：after three days， 即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在许诺若干时间内会完成某事时，一定要用介词in. 误 Three days after he died. 正 After three days he died.

11、 正 Three days later he died. 析 after 与 later都可以用来表达一段时间之后，但它们所处的位置不同，after 在时间词前，而later在时间词后。 误 She hid herself after the tree. 正 She hid herself behind the tree. 析 after多用来表达某动作之后，所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词，如：I run after him. After finishing my homework， I went to see a film. 而behind则多用于静态事物之后。 误 There is a b

12、eautiful bird on the tree. 正 There is a beautiful bird in the tree. 析 树上长出的果实，树叶要用on， 而其他外来的人、物体均要用in the tree. 误 Shanghai is on the east of China. 正 Shanghai is in the east of China. 析 在表达地理位置时有3个介词：in， on， to. in表示在某范围之内; on表示与某地区接壤;to则表示不相接。如：Japan is to the east of China. 误 I arrived at New York

13、 on July 2nd. 正 I arrived in New York on July 2nd. 析 at用来表达较小的地方，而in用来表达较大的地方。at常用于at the school gate， at home， at a bus stop， at the station， at the cinema， at a small village. 误 He lived in No. 3 Beijing Road. 正 He lived at No. 3 Beijing Road. 析 在门牌号码前要用at， 并要注意它的惯用法：at the end of the street， at t

14、he foot of the mountain， at the top of the page. 误 There is a colour TV set at the corner of the hall. 正 There is a colour TV set in the corner of the hall. 析 在屋内的角落应用in，而墙的外角用at，如：There is a tree at the corner of the street. 误 This weekend I”ll stay in Uncle Wang’s. 正 This weekend I’ll

15、stay at Uncle Wang’s. 析 要注意英文的特殊表达法，如：at a tailor’s shop (裁缝店)=at a tailor’s， at the doctor’s (去看病) at the bookseller’s (在书店) at uncle Wang’s (在王叔叔家) 误 Do you know there is some good news on today’s newspaper? 正 Do you know there is some good news in today&r

16、squo;s newspaper? 析 在报纸上的新闻要用in， 而在具体某一版上，或某一页上则要用on. 误 The school will begin on September 1st. 正 School will begin on September 1st. 析这里的school应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程，即开学之意。要注意，有些活动场所当表达正在从事该种活动时不要加冠词，如：at table (吃饭)， When I came to Tom’s home， they were at table. 还有： at desk (学习)，at work (工作) at sch

17、ool (上学)， in hospital (住医院) at church 作礼拜如加上定冠词则另有他意，如：at the school 即在学校工作或办事，in the hospital 即在医院工作或去看望病人。 误 In my way to the station， I bought a newspaper to kill time. 正 On my way to the station， I bought a newspaper to kill time. 析译文为：在去车站的路上我买了份报纸，为的是消磨时光“在.的路上”应用on one“s way.。而 in the way 有挡道

18、之意，如：Please move the chair it is in the way. 误 Look， the door is open， Maybe someone broke into. 正 Look， the door is open， Maybe someone broke in. 正 Look， the door is open， Maybe someone broke into the office. 析 in是表达一个静止状态，在与break连用时其后不加介词宾语，而into则是动态介词，与break连用时要加介词宾语。 误 I”ll leave Beijing to Shan

19、ghai tomorrow. 正 I’ll leave Beijing for Shanghai. 正 I’ll leave for Shanghai. 析 leave for 是离开某地去某处的固定搭配，不可将for改为别的介词。这样的搭配还有：start for 动身前往某处，set out for， sail for. 误 I’m sorry. I have to get out the bus at next stop. 正 I’m sorry. I have to get out of the bus at next stop. 析 g

20、et in， 与 get out是两个相反的词组。get in 为上车，而get out为下车，但语法家认为这里的in与out为副词，所以其后不能接名词，我们可以讲We’d better get in. 或We’d better get out. 还有一组词组有关上下车：get on/off(a train， a ship， a struck) get into/out of (a car， taxi.) 误 Be careful The temperature of the water is ninety degrees over zero. 正 Be careful

21、. The temperature of the water is ninety degrees above zero. 析 over 与 above 在作为比某物高的意思时有时可以互换。但在垂直方向上的高矮时，即正上方时则要用above.而泛指上方时用over. 误 There is an old stone bridge above the river. 正 There is an old stone bridge over the river. 析 over还有一意为“跨越，横跨”。 误 The Dead Sea is under the sea level. 正 The Dead Se

22、a is below the sea level. 析在垂直下方要用below.也就是讲above与below互为反意词，over与under也是反意词。 误 There is a big tree in the front of the house. 正 There is a big tree in front of the house. 析 in front of 是在物体外部的前面，而in the front of 是在物体内部的前面，如：The driver sits in the front of the bus. 误 It took them two days to walk ac

23、ross the forest. 正 It took them two days to walk through the forest. 析 across 作为介词有两个主要意思： 横过，如：I want to walk across the street. 对面，如：There is a post office across the street，而through 多用于三维空间中的穿越。across则多用于平面上的横过。如：The little girl ran across the room to meet her mother. 误 The sun sets toward the we

24、st. 正 The sun sets in the west. 析 towards也可用作toward，它主要表达朝向某方向运动，但不一定到达，如：He ran toward(s) the mountain.而在表示方位east， west， north， south 时，其前面要用in.要注意的是这4个词可以用作副词，如：I went south. 也可用作名词，如：I went to the south.也可用作形容词，如：I went to the south part of China. 误 Do you have no other clothes except those? 正 Do

25、 you have no other clothes besides those? 析 beside 是“在.旁边”，如：The students stood beside their teachers.而besides是“除.之外，不仅.而且.，除了.以外还有.”，如：I studied English besides French， when I was in college. 而except 则是从同一类物体中去掉某一部分，如：I come here every day except Sunday. 而except for 是指去掉不同种类的事物，如：The room is clean

26、except for two chairs. 而except that则要加从句。 误 Can I write the exam paper with ink? 正 Can I write the exam paper with a pen? 正 Can I write the exam paper in ink? 析 with后要加拿得起来放得下的工具，而墨水、颜料等原料则要用in. 误 I’m earlier today. I came here by his car. 正 I’m earlier today. I came here in his car. 析在交

27、通工具前加介词by，但不能再有任何指示代词或冠词，否则要改换相应的介词。by taxi=in a taxi by train=in a train by bicycle=on a bicycle by ship=on a ship by boat=in a boat by bus=on a bus by plane=on a plane by air 空运 by land 陆运 by sea 海运 on foot on horseback by phone by letter by radio by air mail by hand 误 A lot of French wines are ma

28、de of grape. 正 A lot of French wines are made from grape. 析 made of 是指由原材料到成品过程中原材料未发生质地的变化，而发生了某种变化则要用from，如：The desk was made of hard wood. 误 This is a good dictionary in English grammar. 正 This is a good dictionary on English grammar. 析关于某方面的书籍、报告等有两个介词，其中on表示某专业用书，about则为某方面的普通读物，如：This is a boo

29、k about physics.即物理科普知识。 误 Do you have the key of the door. 正 Do you have the key to the door. 析 key to the door门的钥匙。相同用法还有answer to the question， entrance to the highway， danger to health.千万不要用of. 误 Today a lot of Chinese people have interest of collecting stamps. 正 Today a lot of Chinese people ha

30、ve interest in collecting stamps. 析 have interest in是在某方面有兴趣。 误 I didn’t do my homework， so the teacher was angry to me. 正 I didn’t do my homework， so the teacher was angry with me. 析 be angry with其后接人，而be angry at其后接事。如：He was angry at what she said. 误 He was good for skating. 正 He was

31、good at skating. 析 be good at 为“擅长某事”，而be good for somebody为对某人很好。 误 It was good to you to help my little boy. 正 It was good of you to help my little boy. 析 这句话应译为：你真太好了，帮助了我的小孩。而be good to somebody 是对某人态度好。如：Her mother is good to everyone. 误 My parents were very pleased at me. 正 My parents were ver

32、y pleased with me. 正 My parents were very pleased at my studying. 析 be pleased with后加somebody， 而be pleased at后加something. 误 He is agree with me. 正 He agrees with me. 误 He againsts me. 正 He is against me. 析同意agree为动词，而反对against则为介词。在使用中一定要注意。 误 I haven’t heard letters from him. 正 I haven’

33、t heard from him. 析 hear from 即为：从某人处得到信件。不要再加letter了。 误 Teacher. May I call at you this weekend? 正 Teacher. May I call on you this weekend? 析 作为“拜访”讲call at其后接地点，如：May I call at your home this weekend?而call on其后接人。 误 Do you know the girl on white? 正 Do you know the girl in white? 析 in white为穿一身白。与i

34、n有关的词组有：in bed(睡觉)，in hospital(住院)，in a hurry(匆匆忙忙)，in danger(危险中)，in joy (高兴)，in good health(身体好)，in love(恋爱)，in trouble(困境)，与之相反的是out of ，如：out of trouble (摆脱困境)，out of date(过时了)， out of order(出故障) 误 He looked at me at surprise. 正 He looked at me in surprise. 析 surprise的用法一般有三种。用于句首，To one’s surprise， 如：To my surprise he succeeded. be surprised at， 如：I was surprised at the news. 用于句尾in surprise. 误 She didn’t come to school because of she was ill. 正 She didn’t come to school because she was ill. 析 because of 后接名词，如：The game was put off because of the rain.