高二英语必拿下的知识点归纳.docx

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1、高二英语必拿下的知识点归纳高二英语知识点汇总meantodosth.打算做某事mean(doing)sth意味着做某事bemeantfor打算给予，打算做用(had)meanttodo本来打算做而实际上未做byallmeans可以，当然行，没问题bymeansof借助的手段;依靠Bynomeant绝不，一点儿也不takeplace发生doharm/good有害处/好处gotocleangraves扫墓inmemoryof为了纪念incelebrationof为了庆祝infavorof赞同inpraiseof为了表扬intheshapeof以的形状offersbsth=offersthtosb提

2、供某人某物/某物给某人offertodosth主动提出做某事/建议将做某事offer(sb)moneyforsth(向某人)出价多少买某物offer(sb)sthformoney(向某人)开价多少卖某物dressup装扮playatrick/trickson=playajoke/jokeson开玩笑thearrivalof的回归gainindependence获得独立theagriculturalwork农活decoratewith用装饰winawards赢得奖品admirethemoon赏月admiresbforsth因为羡慕某人lookforwardtodoingsth期待做某事dayan

3、dnight日日夜夜colourfulclothingofallkinds各种各样的漂亮的衣服asthough/if好像becoveredwith被覆盖havefunwith取乐aworldwideholiday全世界的节日turnup/away/back/down/in/off/on/out/over/to出现/拒绝/原路返回/关小，拒绝/上交/转变;关掉/打开/证明是;生产/翻转/转向;求助于inturn轮流/反过来taketurnstodosth/indoingsth轮流做某事dosthbyturns轮流干某事laughat嘲笑makefunof取笑keeponesword/promis

4、e守信用，履行诺言holdonesbreath屏住呼吸Itisobviousthat很明显wipethetable擦桌子fallinlovewithsb爱上某人beinlove相爱(与表示一段时间的动词连用)getmarried/bemarriedtosb/marrysb与某人结婚onceayear一年一次setoff出发setabout着手开始setagainst把与比较/对比setback使后退，阻碍，拨慢(钟表)setforward前进，促进，拨快(钟表)setdown写下setout动身，出发;摊开，陈列;表述(理由)throwaway扔掉remindof使想起remindsbtodo

5、sth提醒某人干某事forgivesb原谅某人akindof+n.(s./pl.)+V(单)一种kindsof+n.(s./pl)+V(复)各种各样的holdback阻止，退缩holdonto抓住，不卖掉，不放弃holdon等一等，请稍等，坚持，忍受着holdup举起，拿起，延误，使停顿holdout伸出starvefor渴望，缺乏starvetodeath饿死importantreligiousfestival重要的宗教性节日lightlamps点灯apologizetosbfor(doing)sth因某事向某人道歉=saysorrytosbforsth=make/offeranapolog

6、izetosbfor(doing)sthapologizetosbforsb替某人向某人道歉高二英语知识点大全TheFrenchwriterJulesVernewrotefamousbooks,suchas20,000LeaguesUndertheSeaandAroundtheWorldin80days.法国作家儒勒?凡尔纳写了很多书籍，比如海底两万里和八十天环游地球。(1)JulesVerne儒勒?凡尔纳。法国科学幻想家和冒险小说家。(2)suchaslike;forexample像;诸如;例如eg:everythingthat凡是eg:Suchasremainsaftertaxwillbe

7、yourswhenIdie.我死后全部财产除了交税以外全部给你。(3)leaguelign.formermeasureofdistance(about3milesor4.8km)里格(旧时长度单位，约3英里或4.8公里)。eg:Thehorsecanrun50leaguesaday.这匹马一天能跑240公里。国际联盟是一个国际组织。Trythesmallsciencequizbelowtoseeifyouknowanybetter.试试下面的科学小测验，看看你是否了解得多些。anybetter更好anyanIadv.(usedwithfaster,slower,better,etc.,inqu

8、estionsandafterif/whether用于疑问句中，与faster,slower,better等连用;用于if/whether之后)toanydegree;atall在任何程度上;丝毫eg:Icantrunanyfaster.我无法跑得更快了。Isyourfatheranybetter?你父亲有所好转了吗?Whatisthedistancefromtheearthtothemoon?地球到月球的距离是多少?distancedIstnsn.C,U(amountof)spacebetweentwopointsorplaces距离;间距Agoodcyclistcancoveradista

9、nceofoverahundredmilesaday.自行车骑得好的人一天可以行驶一百多英里。distantplaceorpoint远处;远方eg:Atadistanceofsixmilesyoucantseemuch.距离六英里以外的东西很难看清。atadistance(稍)远处，表示一定的距离，近距离或用以说明具体的距离，其不定冠词a有时可以略去或改用some。eg:Thispicturelooksbetteratadistance.这幅画远看就好些。inthedistance(faraway)在(较)远处，强调距离之远。eg:Theywereexpectingtoseeinthedist

10、ancesomesignsoftheenemy.他们期望着发现远处敌人的迹象。keepsb.atadistance与某人保持一定距离;不愿与某人亲近eg:Healwayskeepsanyoneatadistance.他总是不愿与任何人亲近：Howfastdoesaballoontravel?Howaboutanairplane?Howaboutaspaceshuttle?一只气球能走多快?一架飞机呢?还有一架航天飞机呢?ballonblunn.brightly-colouredrubberbagthatisfilledwithair,usedasachildstoyoradecoration(

11、用作玩具或装饰品的)气球eg:Theyboughttheirsonalotofballoonsyesterday.昨天他们给他们的儿子买了很多气球。v.swelloutlikeaballoon如气球一般膨胀eg:Herskirtballoonedinthewind.她的裙子让风吹得鼓起来了。goballooning乘气球eg:Theyliketogoballooningatweekends.他们周末喜欢乘气球玩。How/Whatabout?怎么样?常常用来打听消息或提出建议，征求对方意见，后接名词，代词或动名词。eg:Howaboutyourmother?Doesshefeelbetterto

12、day?你妈妈怎么样听?她今天觉得好点儿了吗?spaceshuttlespacecraftdesignedforrepeateduse,egbetweenearthandaspacestationorthemoon航天飞机;太空穿梭机eg:Ihaveneverseenaspaceshuttle.我从未看见过航天飞机。高二英语知识点1.做主语：-般来说，不定式和动名词成份相同时，表示客观性、一般性行为为多用动名词表示，而表示一次性、具体性行为则多用不定式。Lookingafterchildrenisherjob.Tocleantheclassroomishisjobtoday.2.做宾语：Ili

13、keswimming,butIdontliketoswimtodaybecauseIdontfeelwell.(1).有些动词只能接不定式做宾语，这些动词接上不定式，含有明显的主观性和将来性意义。如：help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem)，等等。Herefusedtospeakontheradio.He

14、desiredtoseeyou.(2).有些动词只接动名词做宾语，这些动词接上动名词，含有明显的依据往事或来作出理解和判断的意思。mind，finish，enjoy，suggest，permit，appreciate，consider，miss，dislike，keep(on)，avoid，permit，imagine，risk，escape，admit，stand(忍受)，allow，forbid，excuse，等等。动词：giveup，putoff，lookforwardto，feellike，insiston，objectto，preventfrom，setabout，canthelp，

15、be/getusedto等短语：beworthdoing，benogooddoing，benousedoing，bebusydoing等Themotherdidagreetolettheboyriskswimmingacrosstheriver.Shecantstandhavingnothingtodoathome.Hiswifedoesntallowsmokinginsidetheroomandoftenadvisedhimtogiveupsmoking.Allthefamilyinsistedonmystayingwiththemafewdayslonger.Itsnogoodlearni

16、ngwithoutpracticing.Imlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.Shedoesntfeellikeeatinganything，beingillforafewdays.(3).有些动词后面既可接不定式，又可接动名词，其意义基本相同，区别不大。如;like，love，hate，delay，continue，attempt(企图)，afford(提供)，prefer.omit(省略)，begin，start.TheEinsteins,however,couldnotaffordtopayfor(or：payingfor)theadvancededu

17、cationthatyoungAlbertneeded.Ipreferstaying(tostay)athomeonSunday.注意：begin和start本身为进行时，或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时，须接不定式。Whenwecamein,theywerebeginningtohavesupper.Afterhisexplanation,Ibegantounderstandit/realizethatIwaswrong.(4).有些词后面既可以接不定式.亦可接动名词，但其意义有很大区别，须特别注意：remember，forget，regret接动名词，表示完成意义(=havingdone)

18、，接不定式，表示将来意义：PleaseremembertobringmethebookIwantnexttime.Irememberseeingher(=havingseenher)somewherebefore.Dontforgettowritetomesoon.Ineverforgetvisiting(=havingvisited)themforthefirsttime.Iregretmissingthatgoodfilmlastweek.(后悔干事)Iregretnottaking(nothavingtaken)youradvice.IregrettosayIcanttakeyourad

19、vice.(遗憾=besorry)mean：meantodo=wanttodo打算，想要;meandoing：意味着，就是Iamsorry,Ididntmeantohurtyourfeelings，Imeanttocallonyou,butIwassobusy.Learningaforeignlanguagedoesntmeanjustworkinginclass.stop：stoptodo停下来，要干另一件事，不定式作目的状语;stopdoing停止干，动名词作宾语。Aftersometime,theystoppedwalkingandhadarest.Afterwalkingsometim

20、e,theystoppedtohavearest.D.try：trytodo，努力，试图干事;trydoing：试着干事Hesearchedeverywhereandtriedtofindhiskey.Hecametothecityfromthecountrysideandtriedtofindajob.Themotherisoutandtheboyhadtotrycookingforhimself.Theytriedtosucceedandtrieddoingtheirexperimentsagainandagain.want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，表示需要、该;接不

21、定式，表示想，要干Theroomwantscleaning.Thebikerequiresrepairing.Theseyoungtreesrequirelookingafter.Thematterneedsthinkingover.(=tobethoughtover)AMr.Wangwantstoseeyou.Youdontneedtoleavesoearly.goon：goontodo继续干和原来不同的另一件事，不定式作目的状语。goondoing继续干原来同一件事，动名词作宾语。Afterasmoke，hewentontellingusthatinterestingstory.动词adv

22、ise，allow，permit，forbid后面接单宾语时用动名词，接复合宾语时用动词不定式。Doctorsadvisegivingupsmokingtobenefitoneshealth.Thedoctoradvisedhimtogiveupsmokingsoastoimprovehishealth.Shedoesntallow(permit)smokinginherroom.=Shedoesntallow(permit)anyonetosmokeinherroom.Parkingisforbiddenhere.=Anycarsnotpermittedtoparkhere.3.做宾补：不定

23、式可以表示一次性、具体性行为，以及将来意义的行为。现在分词可以表示当时正在发生的进行意义的行为，亦可表示-个持续时间的延续性的行为动作。过去分词可以表示完成意义的行为或状态，及物动词的过去分词亦有被动意义，不及物动词的过去分词仍是主动意义。WhenIcamein,Isawherdancinghappily.IoftenhearhersingsongsinEnglishinherroom.Theyhadthelightsburningallnightlong.IsawLiPingpassbyandenterthenextroomjustnow.Themotherwillhavethedoctor

24、examinehersonagain.TomorrowIllhavemyhaircut.WhenIgothomeIfoundthewindowbrokenandthethiefgoneawayalready.Whentheyreturnedtotheirhometown,afteranabsenceoftwentyyears,theyfoundeverythingchanged.4.做表语：不定式和动名词做表语解释主语内容，且可以和主语颠倒，意思仍然通顺，回答what的问题。它们有时存在经常性和一次性行为的区别，分词做表语表明主语的性质、特征和状态，不能和主语颠倒，可以回答how的问题。Her

25、jobiscleaningoffices.(Whatisherjob?)(Cleaningofficesisherjob.)Ourjobtodayistocleantheoffice.(=Tocleantheofficeisourjobtoday.)Thenewsisveryexciting.(Howisthenews?)Theyareverytiredafteralongwalk.Thedoorislockednow.Thechildrenarewelldressedthesedays.5.做定语：不定式做定语与先行词有动宾、主谓和解释先行词内容等关系。在时态上常是将来意义，现在分词做定语是

26、现在时或进行时态意义;过去分词做定语则是完成时态意义。此外，不定式做定语时只能后置，不可前置，而单个分词做定语可前置，分词短语做定语则须后置。动名词做定语，须前置，且要重读，它表明先行词的用途。而分词做定语表明先行词的性质、特征和状态。aswimmingboy=aboywhoisswimmingaswimmingpool=apoolforswimmingtheboilingwater=thewaterthatisboilingdrinkingwater=waterfordrinkingTodayIhavealettertowrite.Pleasefindamantohelpus.Itisago

27、odchancetopractiseyourspokenEnglish.IlikereadingbookswrittenbyLuXun.ThewomanstandingoverthereisourEnglishteacher.Thehousetobebuilt(=whichwillbebuilt/whichistobebuilt)nextyearwillbeournewlibrary.Thehousebeingbuilt(=whichisbeingbuilt)nowwillbeournewlibrary.Thehousebuilt(=whichwasbuilt)lastyearisournew

28、librarynow.6.做状语：不定式和分词做状语各有不同分工。动词不定式多做目的、结果和原因状语，且多放在句末;分词可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式状语，多置于句首，做伴随状语，多放在后面。单独的动名词不能做状语，在介词后形成介词短语，从而做状语。(1).目的状语：通常有不定式表示，由于不定式的客观性和将来性特征。不定式前还可加上inorder，soas来加强说话的口气。但soasto通常不用于句首。TheSmithshavegonetoLondontospendtheirholidays.Icamehere(inorder/soas)tohearthereport.Inorderto

29、(不用soasto)seebetter,wetookfrontseats.(2).时间状语：分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。现在分词作时间状语一般位于句首，表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生，有时现在分词前可以加上时间连词。如果分词动作发生在谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成体形式。过去分词作时间状语与谓语动词构成同时性和被动意义。分词前有时加上时间连词。Arriving(=Whenhearrived)atthebusstop,hefoundhissisterthere.Waiting(=WhenIwaswaiting)toseethedoctor,Imetwithafriendofmine.H

30、aving(=Whenwehave)madefullpreparations,wearereadyforanexamination.Having(=Whenhehad)finishedhishomework,hewenttobed.Afterfinishinghishomework,hewenttobed.Seen(=Whenthetownisseen)fromthehill,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.Locked(=Whenhewaslooked)upintheroom,hefoundhimselfisolatedfromtheouterworld.Whenaske

31、dtomakeaspeech,hesaidhewasgladtodoso.Oncerecovered,hewentallouttodohiswork.(3).原因状语：不定式作原因状语往往用于形容词之后,这些形容词通常是happy,sorry,fortunate,angry,glad,ashamed,discouraged,delighted,frightened,shocked等。分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句。一般位于句首。Iamsorrytohearthatyouarenotwell.Imverysorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.Wearegreatlyd

32、elightedtohaveanativeasourguide.Being(=Sincehewas)illalllastyear,helivedinasanatorium.Therebeingnoenoughmoney,hecouldntbuythedictionarythathewanted.Having(=Sincetheyhad)beenaskedtostay,theycouldntpossiblyleaverightaway.Moved(=Ashewasmoved)bytheheroicdeedsofthePLAman,heburstintotears.(4).条件状语：通常用分词来表

33、示，相当于条件状语从句。一般位于句首。Turning(=Ifyouturn)totheleft，youwillseethepostoffice.United(=Ifweareunited),westand;divided(=ifwearedivided),wefall.Given(=Ifhehadbeengiven)moretime,hewouldbeabletodobetter.(5).结果状语从句：不定式作结果状语通常用于so+形容词或副词+asto，such+名词+asto，tooto，enoughto和onlyto等结构。现在分词作结果状语表示谓语动词的结果。Hearrivedlate

34、tofindthetraingone.Iworkedlateintothenight,onlytofindIhadnotfinishedhalfofthejob.Hewassofriendlyastobealwayshelpfultohisneighbours.Hisissuchasadstoryastoarouseoutsympathy。Iranfasterthanever,reachingtheschoolyardquiteoutofbreath.Themandiedyoung,leavingnothingbutdebt.(6).让步状语：通常有过去分词来表示，而且前面通常有表示让步意义的

35、though。Thoughwounded,thesoldiermanagedtogettothevillagesafely.Thoughwarnedofthedanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice.(7).伴随或方式状语：分词作伴随状语通常位于句尾，表示谓语动词正在所处主动或被动的状态。Chinesebusinessmen,taxidriversandstudentstalkwiththemusingEnglish.Shecamerunningtowardsus.Theywalkedalongthestreets,talkingandlaughing.Hewentintothehouse,followedbysomechildren.Hecontinuedtowalkupanddown,lostinthought.