unit 8长句翻译.ppt

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1、Unit 8难句和长句的翻译难句和长句的翻译translation of long and difficult sentences返回返回分析原文，理清句子结构、逻辑关系分析原文，理清句子结构、逻辑关系梳理层次，找出中心内容、次要成分梳理层次，找出中心内容、次要成分划分意群，逐一译成汉语、注意呼应划分意群，逐一译成汉语、注意呼应重新组合，按照汉语习惯、调整次序重新组合，按照汉语习惯、调整次序翻译要点：翻译要点：International countertrade(对等贸易对等贸易)is a practice whereby a supplier commits contractuallyas

2、a condition of saleto Reciprocate(return sth given or done 回报）回报）and undertake certain specified commercial initiatives that compensate and benefit the buyer.International countertrade(对等贸易对等贸易)is a practice whereby(by which)asupplier commits contractuallyas a condition of saleto Reciprocate(return

3、sth given or done 回报）回报）and undertake certain specified commercial initiatives that compensate and benefit the buyer.国际对等贸易国际对等贸易作为一种销售条件，作为一种销售条件，是指是指供应方以合同的方式承诺，供应方以合同的方式承诺，通过回报和承通过回报和承办某些特别商务活动办某些特别商务活动的方式的方式给给购买方购买方以补偿和利益以补偿和利益的一种惯例。的一种惯例。西安是古丝绸之路的起点，也是中国历史上建都最多的城西安是古丝绸之路的起点，也是中国历史上建都最多的城市之一。新发掘

4、的秦兵马俑被称为市之一。新发掘的秦兵马俑被称为“世界第八大奇迹世界第八大奇迹”；大雁塔、鼓楼是唐代留下来的建筑；您可以到杨贵妃洗澡大雁塔、鼓楼是唐代留下来的建筑；您可以到杨贵妃洗澡的华清池去洗温泉澡；作为炎黄子孙还可以去拜谒离西安的华清池去洗温泉澡；作为炎黄子孙还可以去拜谒离西安不远的黄帝陵。不远的黄帝陵。西安是古丝绸之路的起点，也是中国历史上建都最多的西安是古丝绸之路的起点，也是中国历史上建都最多的城市之一。城市之一。新发掘的秦兵马俑被称为新发掘的秦兵马俑被称为“世界第八大奇迹世界第八大奇迹”；大雁塔、鼓楼是唐代留下来的建筑；您可以到杨贵大雁塔、鼓楼是唐代留下来的建筑；您可以到杨贵妃洗澡的华

5、清池去洗温泉澡；妃洗澡的华清池去洗温泉澡；作为炎黄子孙还可以去拜作为炎黄子孙还可以去拜谒离西安不远的黄帝陵。谒离西安不远的黄帝陵。Xian,the starting point of the ancient Silk Road,was also a capital city intermittently for many dynasties in Chinese history.The life-size terra cotta soldiers and horses of the Qin Dynasty(221B.C.-206B.C.),unearthed recently,are prai

6、sed as the Eighth Wonder of the World.Other places of historic interests include Da Yan Ta(Great Wild Goose Pagoda)and Gu Lou(Drum Tower),both erected in the Tang Dynasty,and Huaqing Hot Springs which used to be the private baths for Yang Guifei,favorite concubine of a Tang emperor and is available

7、to tourists nowadays.If you are of Chinese descendant,you may be interested in paying homage/respects to the Tomb of Huangdi(Huang Emperor),the Chinese ancestor.1.顺序翻译法顺序翻译法The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced Chinas determination to introduce foreign techno

8、logy by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets.1.顺序翻译法顺序翻译法The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced Chinas determination to introduce foreign technology by means

9、of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets.许多发展中国家所面临的债务问题更加坚定了中国通许多发展中国家所面临的债务问题更加坚定了中国通过直接投资和优惠融资的方式来引进外国技术的决心，过直接投资和优惠融资的方式来引进外国技术的决心，而不是通过在国际资本市场筹集大量资金。而不是通过在国际资本市场筹集大量资金。The mild capitalism emerging in Eas

10、tern Europe,though unthinkable in these Communist nations just a few years ago,is a far cry from the free-market economics practiced in the West and will probably so for a long time.东欧正出现温和的资本主义，要是几年前在这些共东欧正出现温和的资本主义，要是几年前在这些共产党执政的国家里是不可想象的。尽管如此，这种产党执政的国家里是不可想象的。尽管如此，这种温和的资本主义与西方实行的自由市场经济有很大温和的资本主义与

11、西方实行的自由市场经济有很大的差别，这种差别可能还会维持很长一段时间。的差别，这种差别可能还会维持很长一段时间。Unemployment in America(as of 1990)was running near 5.25 percent.That is somewhat higher than used to be considered full employment,but it is not a serious figure in the aggregate(added together/collectively).1990年美国的失业率近年美国的失业率近5.25%。按以往的标准按以往

12、的标准，这个比例偏高，这个比例偏高，没有达到充分就业。但就整体来没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。说问题并不严重。It did not take long,however,for man to realize that there were some things he was more capable of doing than others and that it would benefit him to concentrate his efforts on the production of those goods in which he was particularly pr

13、oficient and leave others to produce the goods that called for skills which he didnt possess.It did not take long,however,for man to realize that there were some things he was more capable of doing than others and that it would benefit him to concentrate his efforts on the production of those goods

14、in which he was particularly proficient and leave others to produce the goods that called for skills which he didnt possess.但是，不久人们就意识到，有些事情他能比别人做但是，不久人们就意识到，有些事情他能比别人做的更好，而且，假如他集中精力生产那些他擅长生的更好，而且，假如他集中精力生产那些他擅长生产的产品，而让其他人去生产那些需要别的技能产的产品，而让其他人去生产那些需要别的技能(而而这中技能他是不具备的）才能生产出来的商品，那这中技能他是不具备的）才能生产出来的商品，

15、那么他就有利可图了。么他就有利可图了。2.颠倒翻译法颠倒翻译法先把原因、条件、事实等细节译出，再把结论性、先把原因、条件、事实等细节译出，再把结论性、态度性的东西译出。态度性的东西译出。当主语相当长，也即主语的修饰成分很多时，一般当主语相当长，也即主语的修饰成分很多时，一般先把所有的修饰成分译出，再译主谓。先把所有的修饰成分译出，再译主谓。AOL Time Warners book division looks set to（to start doing something eagerly and with determination）receive limited interest buye

16、rs after some of the publishing worlds largest players indicated they would not participate in the auction being held by the troubled media group.AOL 时代华纳近日决定拍卖其图书部门，但因为时代华纳近日决定拍卖其图书部门，但因为世界出版业的几家巨头暗示将不参加华纳这一麻烦世界出版业的几家巨头暗示将不参加华纳这一麻烦缠身的媒体集团举行的此次拍卖，所以有兴趣的买缠身的媒体集团举行的此次拍卖，所以有兴趣的买主寥寥无几。主寥寥无几。The era of b

17、latant discrimination ended in the 1960s through the courageous actions of thousand of blacks participating in peaceful marched and sit-ins,to force Southern states to implement the Federal desegregation（segregation）laws in schools and public accommodations.六十年代，千千万万的黑人参加了和平游行示威六十年代，千千万万的黑人参加了和平游行示威

18、和静坐，他们的勇敢行动迫使南方各州执行联邦和静坐，他们的勇敢行动迫使南方各州执行联邦政府关于在学校和公共场所废除种族隔离的法律，政府关于在学校和公共场所废除种族隔离的法律，从而结束了公然歧视黑人的时代。从而结束了公然歧视黑人的时代。The problem of possible genetic damage to human populations from radiation exposures,including those resulting from the fallout from testing of atomic weapons,has quite properly claime

19、d much popular attention in recent years.人类由于面临辐射的威胁，包括原子武器试验产生人类由于面临辐射的威胁，包括原子武器试验产生的放射性散落物所造成的辐射威胁，很可能造成基的放射性散落物所造成的辐射威胁，很可能造成基因损伤，这一问题近年来已经理所当然地引起人们因损伤，这一问题近年来已经理所当然地引起人们的广泛重视。的广泛重视。The time is now near at the hand which must probably determine whether Americans are to be freemen or slaves;whethe

20、r they are to have any property they can call their own;whether their houses and farms are to be pillaged(stealing of property)and destroyed,and themselves consigned to a state of wretchedness from which no human efforts will deliver them.美国人将会成为自由人还是奴隶，他们是美国人将会成为自由人还是奴隶，他们是否将拥有称得上属于自己的财产，他们的否将拥有称得上

21、属于自己的财产，他们的房屋和农舍是否会遭到掠夺和毁坏，他们房屋和农舍是否会遭到掠夺和毁坏，他们自己是否会陷入任何人力都无法拯救的悲自己是否会陷入任何人力都无法拯救的悲惨境地惨境地-现在，也许必须决定这一切现在，也许必须决定这一切的时刻就在眼前。的时刻就在眼前。3.先把主语译出，再补细节先把主语译出，再补细节There is no more difference,but there is just the same kind of difference,between the mental operations of a man of science and those of ordinary

22、person,as there is between the operations and methods of baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales,and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights.科学家的思维活动和一般人的思维活动之间并没有科学家的思维活动和一般人的思维活动之间并没有多大的区别，无非

23、是面包师或者屠夫的操作和方法多大的区别，无非是面包师或者屠夫的操作和方法与化学家的操作之间有所区别，前者是用普通的称与化学家的操作之间有所区别，前者是用普通的称来称他们的货物，而后者是用天平和等级分得很精来称他们的货物，而后者是用天平和等级分得很精细的砝码来进行困难而又复杂的分析。细的砝码来进行困难而又复杂的分析。Whatever the enthusiasm of English,who seemed to believe that the Prime Minister was making the long journey to do what Mr.Asquith and Sir Edw

24、ard had failed to do in 1914warn Germany that any aggression against a small power would bring not only France but Britain into war against itHitler realized,as the confidential German papers and subsequent events make clear,that Chamberlains action was a godsend to him.不管英国人如何热心，他们似乎认为首相之长不管英国人如何热心

25、，他们似乎认为首相之长途跋涉是要完成阿斯奎先生和爱德华爵士在途跋涉是要完成阿斯奎先生和爱德华爵士在1914年所没能做到的事情年所没能做到的事情警告德国：对小国警告德国：对小国的任何侵略，不但会引起法国而且还有英国的的任何侵略，不但会引起法国而且还有英国的参战，联合反德。希特勒很明白，正如德国的参战，联合反德。希特勒很明白，正如德国的秘密文件和以后的事态演变所表明的，张伯伦秘密文件和以后的事态演变所表明的，张伯伦的行动对他来说是一个天赐良机。的行动对他来说是一个天赐良机。英国人似乎认为首相之长途跋涉是要完成阿斯英国人似乎认为首相之长途跋涉是要完成阿斯奎先生和爱德华爵士在奎先生和爱德华爵士在191

26、4年所没能做到的事年所没能做到的事情情警告德国：对小国的任何侵略，不但会引警告德国：对小国的任何侵略，不但会引起法国而且还有英国的参战，联合反德。然而起法国而且还有英国的参战，联合反德。然而不管英国人如何热心，从德国的秘密文件和以不管英国人如何热心，从德国的秘密文件和以后的事态演变所表明的，希特勒很明白，张伯后的事态演变所表明的，希特勒很明白，张伯伦的行动对他来说是一个天赐良机。伦的行动对他来说是一个天赐良机。The documentary credit offers a unique and universally used method of achieving a commerciall

27、y acceptable compromise by providing for payment to be made against documents that represent the goods and make possible the transfer of rights to those goods.跟单信用证提供了一种独特的、普遍采用的方法，跟单信用证提供了一种独特的、普遍采用的方法，即凭代表货物的单据付款，从而使货权的转移成即凭代表货物的单据付款，从而使货权的转移成为可能。这是一种商业上可以接受的方式。为可能。这是一种商业上可以接受的方式。The vast majority

28、 of foreign nationals who are sent by foreign employers to the U.S.for business or employment enter on non-immigrant visas,which,depending on the visa,may permit the individual to remain in the U.S.for anywhere from three months to many years.大多数被外国雇主派遣到美国从事商务活动或工作大多数被外国雇主派遣到美国从事商务活动或工作的外国公民都凭非移民签证进

29、入美国。这种非移民的外国公民都凭非移民签证进入美国。这种非移民签证可以允许持有者在美国逗留少则三个月、多则签证可以允许持有者在美国逗留少则三个月、多则数年，具体时间长度视每份签证上面的许可而定。数年，具体时间长度视每份签证上面的许可而定。4.拆译拆译According to the report,many of the benefits of enlargement have already taken place through the deepening of integration that resulted after the great changes,and through the

30、 so-called trade-related Europe Agreements,which were concluded in the 1990s between EU and each of the Central and Eastern European countries.根据这份报告，扩张的许多好处已经显现，有些好根据这份报告，扩张的许多好处已经显现，有些好处归因于这些巨大变化带来的一体化加深，有些则处归因于这些巨大变化带来的一体化加深，有些则归功于欧盟与每个中、东欧国家于归功于欧盟与每个中、东欧国家于20世纪世纪90年代年代所签订的所谓的与贸易相关的诸多欧洲协定。所签订的所谓的

31、与贸易相关的诸多欧洲协定。New ideas are an old tradition at Siemens.The company that grew out of the original Siemens&Halske is today a highly innovative leader in the world electrical and electronics market.Composed of Siemens AG and an array of domestic and foreign subsidiaries,the contemporary Siemens organiz

32、ation continues to set milestones on the road to progress.观念创新是西门子公司的一个悠久传统。原来的观念创新是西门子公司的一个悠久传统。原来的西门子霍尔斯公司已经发展成为今天在世界电气西门子霍尔斯公司已经发展成为今天在世界电气和电子市场上有高度革新精神的领导者。有西门和电子市场上有高度革新精神的领导者。有西门子有限公司和一大批海外子公司组成的当代西门子有限公司和一大批海外子公司组成的当代西门子公司继续在前进的道路上建起一座座里程碑。子公司继续在前进的道路上建起一座座里程碑。Siemens maintains its own produc

33、tion facilities in 35 countries and operates a world-wide sales network.With more than 300 000 employees,it is one of the largest companies in the world electrical industry,having recorded annual sales of DM（Deutschmark）54 billion in the 1986/87 fiscal year.Reliable and farsighted management is unit

34、ed with the youthful dynamism and zest for innovation that typify the company.西门子公司在西门子公司在35个国家拥有生产设施并且构建了个国家拥有生产设施并且构建了一个全球性的销售网络。它拥有一个全球性的销售网络。它拥有30多万雇员，是多万雇员，是世界电气工业中最大的公司之一。其世界电气工业中最大的公司之一。其1986至至1987财政年度销售额为财政年度销售额为540亿德国马克。远见卓识和坚亿德国马克。远见卓识和坚实可靠的管理与朝气蓬勃的活力和改革创新的热情实可靠的管理与朝气蓬勃的活力和改革创新的热情相结合，这就是西门

35、子公司的特点所在。相结合，这就是西门子公司的特点所在。1.断句与合句断句与合句世界上一些国家发生了问题，从根本上说，都是因为世界上一些国家发生了问题，从根本上说，都是因为经济上不去，没有饭吃，没有衣穿，没有房住，工资经济上不去，没有饭吃，没有衣穿，没有房住，工资增长被通货膨胀抵消，生活水平下降，大批人下岗和增长被通货膨胀抵消，生活水平下降，大批人下岗和失业，长期过紧日子。失业，长期过紧日子。Basically,the root causes for social unrest in some countries lies in their failure economy.Consequentl

36、y they lack food,clothing and shelter,and their wage increases are offset by inflation.With a decline in living standards,widespread layoffs and unemployment,people have to suffer chronic hardships.光彩夺目的上球体直径为光彩夺目的上球体直径为4545米，其观光层高达米，其观光层高达263263米，米，是鸟瞰全市景色的最佳处所，当风和日丽时，举目是鸟瞰全市景色的最佳处所，当风和日丽时，举目远望，佘山，

37、金山，崇明岛隐隐可见，真是远望，佘山，金山，崇明岛隐隐可见，真是“登泰登泰山而小天下山而小天下”之感。之感。As high as 263 meters above the city and located in the 45-meter-in-diameter radiant upper sphere,the observation deck makes it the best place to get a birds-eye view of the whole city.On a day of gentle breeze and bright sun,standing on it,one c

38、an see the hazy outlines of Mt.Sheshan,Mt.Jinshan and the Chongming Island in the distance,with the felling that the world is belittled.接着，他继续设想，鸡又生鸡，用鸡卖钱，钱买母接着，他继续设想，鸡又生鸡，用鸡卖钱，钱买母牛，母牛繁殖，卖牛的钱，用钱放债，这一连串的牛，母牛繁殖，卖牛的钱，用钱放债，这一连串的发财计划，当然也不能算是生产的计划。发财计划，当然也不能算是生产的计划。He went on indulging in wishful thinking

39、.Chickens would breed more chickens.Selling them would bring him money.With this he could buy cows.The cows would breed and selling oxen would make more money for him.With the money,he could become a money lender.Such a succession of steps for getting rich,of course,has nothing at all to do with pro

40、duction.这五年，首先是农村改革带来许多新的变化，农作这五年，首先是农村改革带来许多新的变化，农作物大幅度增产，农民收入大幅度增加，乡镇企业异物大幅度增产，农民收入大幅度增加，乡镇企业异军突起。军突起。During those five years,rural reform brought about many changes:a great increase in crop production and in farmers income as well as the rise of rural enterprises as a new force.2.理关系分主次理关系分主次有个年轻

41、人，名叫颜回，家里很穷，缺吃少穿，住有个年轻人，名叫颜回，家里很穷，缺吃少穿，住的房子又小又破。的房子又小又破。There was a young man.He was called Yanhui.His family was very poor.They did not have enough food to eat nor enough clothing to wear.The house they lived in was small and dilapidatedThere was a young man named Yanhui,who was so poor that his fa

42、mily lived in a small,dilapidated house with insufficient food and clothing.教室太吵，宿舍太闷，校园里的树林中，小河边，假教室太吵，宿舍太闷，校园里的树林中，小河边，假山旁，芳草上全是同学知己，一个个手捧本书，口中山旁，芳草上全是同学知己，一个个手捧本书，口中念念有词。念念有词。As the classroom was too noisy and the dorm too stuffy,I went outdoors,only to find fellow students everywherein the woods

43、,by the brood,beside the rockery,and on the laws,all with books in their hand and reading the texts aloud.中国能不能顶住霸权主义，强权政治的压力，坚中国能不能顶住霸权主义，强权政治的压力，坚持我们的社会主义制度，关键就看能不能争得较持我们的社会主义制度，关键就看能不能争得较快的增长速度，实现我们的发展战略。快的增长速度，实现我们的发展战略。If China wants to withstand the pressure of hegemonism and power politics an

44、d to uphold the socialist system,it is crucial for us to achieve rapid economic growth and to carry out our development strategy.3.突出信息中心突出信息中心英语的语序是把重要的信息如结论、观点、态度英语的语序是把重要的信息如结论、观点、态度放在句子的前面表达，然后给予原因、条件、理放在句子的前面表达，然后给予原因、条件、理由、事实予以说明。汉语则相反。由、事实予以说明。汉语则相反。我们是在五九年出国的，之后中国连续三年遭受自我们是在五九年出国的，之后中国连续三年遭受

45、自然灾害，当我们得知这个消息，心情颇为低沉。然灾害，当我们得知这个消息，心情颇为低沉。We had been dismayed at the news of the natural calamities that followed one another for three years after we left China in 1959.现在整个中国，从广东到厦门和上海，改革之风深现在整个中国，从广东到厦门和上海，改革之风深入人心，人人都在为繁荣的明天奋斗，中国有何理入人心，人人都在为繁荣的明天奋斗，中国有何理由要改变目前的状况？由要改变目前的状况？Why would China upse

46、t the situation when all of China,from Guangdong to Xiamen and Shanghai,is embracing sweeping reforms,and working hard for the future prosperity?4.句子调整句子调整中文中的时间，地点，职务，背景知识等往往是用中文中的时间，地点，职务，背景知识等往往是用一个独立句来表示的。而根据英文习惯，这些非重一个独立句来表示的。而根据英文习惯，这些非重要的信息不能独立成句，应译为状语、定语、同位要的信息不能独立成句，应译为状语、定语、同位语等，隶属主语。语等，隶属

47、主语。太湖明珠无锡，位于江苏省的南部，地处美丽太湖明珠无锡，位于江苏省的南部，地处美丽富饶的长江三角洲的中心地带。这里物产丰富，富饶的长江三角洲的中心地带。这里物产丰富，气候温和，温差不大，雨量偏少。大多数时间气候温和，温差不大，雨量偏少。大多数时间阳光灿烂，万里晴空，是适合全年的旅游胜地。阳光灿烂，万里晴空，是适合全年的旅游胜地。Wuxi,the pearl on the Tai Lake,lies in the south of Jiangsu Province,the center of the beautiful and rich Changjiang Delta.The mildne

48、ss of its climate,with slight temperature variations and infrequent rainfall,combined with a high average level of sunshine and brilliant skies,all make it ideal for tourism all the year round.中国的事情能不能办好，社会主义和改革开放能不中国的事情能不能办好，社会主义和改革开放能不能坚持，经济能不能快一点发展起来，国家能不能能坚持，经济能不能快一点发展起来，国家能不能长治久安，从一定意义上说，关键在人。长

49、治久安，从一定意义上说，关键在人。In a sense,personnel form the key to the issue of whether we can do well in Chinas domestic matters,whether socialism,reform and opening can be adhered to,and whether the economy can grow faster and the country enjoy long-term peace and stability.If people mean anything at all by th

50、e expression“untimely death”,they must believe that some deaths run on a better schedule than others.Death in old age is rarely called untimelya long life is thought to be a full one.But with the passing of a young person,one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the measure of that life was sti