13. 情态动词.ppt

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1、人教版人教版有有自自己己的的词词汇汇意意思思，不不能能独独立立作作谓谓语语，须须跟跟动动词词原原形形。表表示示说说话话人人的的语语气气、情情态态，无无人人称称和和数数的的变变化化。否否定定时时，在在情情态态动动词词后后加加not(must,have to除除外外)，疑疑问问时时，将将情情态态动动词词提提至至主主语语前前。情情态态动动词词数数量量不不多多，但但用用途途广广泛泛，主主要要有有：can(could)，may(might)，must，mustnt，need，neednt,shall(should)，will(would),dare。情态动词情态动词(mod.v)can,could 的用

2、法的用法(1)表示能力，意为表示能力，意为“能，会能，会”。如：如：Can you swim?I cant,but I can play basketball.(2)表示怀疑，猜测，常用于否定句和疑问句中。表示怀疑，猜测，常用于否定句和疑问句中。如：如：That _ Mr.Wang.He has gone to Beijing.那肯定不是王老那肯定不是王老师师，他已，他已经经去北京了。去北京了。(3)could是是can的的过过去式，可以表示去式，可以表示过过去的能力。去的能力。Could you skate last year?No,I couldnt.cant beCan表示现在的能力，表

3、示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力，那么其表示过去的能力，那么其他时态表示能力怎么表达呢？他时态表示能力怎么表达呢？Be able to我明年一定会开车。我明年一定会开车。I will be able to drive a car next year.人教版人教版(1)may(might)许许可或可或请请求求对对方方许许可可_ I use your pen?我可以用你的我可以用你的钢钢笔笔吗吗？You may put on more clothes.你可以多穿衣服。你可以多穿衣服。Might I borrow some money now?(2)表示祝愿。表示祝愿。如：如：May you

4、be happy.祝你开心。祝你开心。（3）表示推）表示推测测。如：如：He might be alive.他可能他可能还还活着。活着。He may come tomorrow.MayMay&might人教版人教版(1)Must 必必须须，应该应该You must finish your homework before you watch TV.I _ finish my work today.(2)表示推表示推测测一定，准是一定，准是”。There is someone knocking at the door.It must be Jim.(3)否定句中，否定句中，mustnt表示禁止，意

5、表示禁止，意为为不允不允许许。You mustnt play your cell phone at school.(4)Must 提提问问，肯定用，肯定用must回答，否定用回答，否定用needntMust I finish the project today?Yes,you must./No,you neednt.mustMustmust 用用于于一一般般现现在在时时和和一一般般将将来来时时，过过去去式式可可用用 _的的过过去式代替。如：去式代替。如：We had to wear our uniform to school in junior high.have to人教版人教版注意注意 m

6、ust 和和 have to 的区的区别别：must 表示表示说话说话人的主人的主观观意愿；意愿；have to 表示客表示客观观需要。如：需要。如：I must do my homework first.我必我必须须首先做家庭作首先做家庭作业业。It is raining hard outside；I _ stay at home.外面雨下得很大，我不得不待在家里。外面雨下得很大，我不得不待在家里。have to人教版人教版(1)need 表表示示“需需要要”。主主要要用用于于否否定定句句和和疑疑问问句句中中，否否定定形形式式为为neednt，表表示示“没没有有必必要要，不不必必”；need

7、 提提问问时时，肯肯定定回回答用答用must，否定回答用，否定回答用 neednt。Need we do some cleaning now?Yes，you must.“我我们们必必须现须现在大在大扫扫除除吗吗？”“”“是的，你是的，你们们必必须须。”No，you neednt.“不，你不，你们们不必了。不必了。”(2)need 还还可可当当作作实实意意动动词词使使用用，这这时时 need 结结构构为为 need to do sth。I need to learn more.我需要学我需要学习习更多。更多。Need作作为实为实意意动词时动词时，问问句句应该应该借助于借助于_Do you nee

8、d to help your parents with the housework?need do人教版人教版shall用用于于第第一一人人称称的的句句子子中中表表示示提提建建议议或或请请求求；should用用于于各种人称的句子中各种人称的句子中强强调义务调义务或或责责任。任。_ we go out for a walk?我我们们出去散步好出去散步好吗吗？(建建议议)You should study hard at school.你你们们在学校在学校应该应该努力学努力学习习。(劝劝告告)ShallshallWill/wouldwill用用于于第第二二人人称称疑疑问问句句中中时时，表表示示征征求

9、求意意见见或或提提建建议议。would 为为 will 的的过过去去式式，可可用用于于多多种种人人称称，表表示意愿。示意愿。Will you have a little soup?你要不要喝点你要不要喝点汤汤？情态动词的完成时情态动词的完成时情态动词情态动词+have done1)must have done 对过去已经发生的事的肯定对过去已经发生的事的肯定推测推测.(只用于肯定句只用于肯定句)He must have gone to bed,for the light was out.Where is my pen?I must have lost it.2)can/could have d

10、one 对过去行为的怀疑和不肯定的推测对过去行为的怀疑和不肯定的推测.(常用于否定句和疑问句常用于否定句和疑问句)在否定句意为在否定句意为“不可能不可能,不会是不会是”Mick cant/couldnt have found hiscar,for he came to work by bus this morning.(不可能不可能/不会找到车不会找到车)Can she have heard from you?她可能收到你的信吗她可能收到你的信吗?注意注意:could+have done 具有两层意思具有两层意思 1.表示对过去发生的事的揣测表示对过去发生的事的揣测,可与可与can互换互换.2

11、.表示对过去能做的事而没有做表示对过去能做的事而没有做,不可与不可与can替换替换.意为意为:“本来可以做本来可以做/能做能做”虚拟语气虚拟语气e.g.,-I stayed at a hotel while in New York.-Oh.Did you?You could have stayed with Barbara.She has moved to New York.3.有时含有责备或遗憾的意思有时含有责备或遗憾的意思.You could have done it better.You could have come earlier.e.g.,1.你本可以把这件事做得更好你本可以把这件

12、事做得更好.2.你本可以来的更早你本可以来的更早.3)may/might have done 表示表示推测推测,可能性更小可能性更小,主要用于肯定句主要用于肯定句.译为译为:“或许或许”He may/might have gone to the library.他或许已经去图书馆了他或许已经去图书馆了.might+have done 有时含有委婉的有时含有委婉的责备或庆幸等感情。责备或庆幸等感情。这时不能用这时不能用mayYou might have told me earlier.你本可以早点把消息告诉我的你本可以早点把消息告诉我的.虚拟语气虚拟语气4)should have done 表示

13、本应该做表示本应该做 但却未做但却未做,含有含有“后悔后悔,遗憾遗憾,责备责备,批评批评”之意之意.虚拟语气虚拟语气You should have been more careful.你本应该更细心些你本应该更细心些.You shouldnt have told him about it.你本不该告诉他这事你本不该告诉他这事.5)neednt have done 表示表示“本来用不着本来用不着,本不必本不必”之意之意.You neednt have asked him.(But you asked him.)You neednt have come.I have finished the wo

14、rk.虚拟语气虚拟语气1.I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning.She_ at the meeting.A.mustnt have spoken B.shouldnt have spoken C.neednt have spoken D.couldnt have spokenD2.He_you more help,even though he was busy.A.might have given B.must have given C.can have given D.may giveA3.-I saw our teacher in

15、 the office just now.-You_her,she is still abroad.A.cant have seen B.mustnt have seen C.neednt have seen D.shouldnt have seenA4.We_last night,but we went to the concert instead.A.must have studied B.might study C.should have studied D.would studyC5.There was plenty of time.She_.A.mustnt have hurried

16、 B.couldnt have hurried C.mustnt hurry D.neednt have hurriedD6.Sorry,Im late.I_have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.A.might B.should C.can D.willA7.Yesterday,Jane walked away from the discussion.Otherwise(另外）另外）,she_something she would regret later.A.has said B.said C.might s

17、ay D.might have saidD8.I didnt hear the phone.I_asleep.A.must be B.must have been C.should be D.should have beenB9.Janny_have kept her word.I wonder why she changed her mind.A.must B.should C.need D.wouldB10.Tom ought not to_me your secret,but he meant no harm.A.have told B.tell C.be telling D.havin

18、g toldA11.I told Sally how to get here,but perhaps I_for her.A.had to write it out B.ought to write it out C.must have written it out D.should have written it outD12.-Jack fell off a ladder yesterday,but he is all right.-Hes lucky.He_himself badly.A.could wound B.would have wounded C.could hurt D.would woundB