小学英语语法知识点汇总(必看).pdf

《小学英语语法知识点汇总(必看).pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《小学英语语法知识点汇总(必看).pdf（30页珍藏版）》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、小学英语语法知识点汇总小学英语语法知识点汇总(必必看看)在此处键入在此处键入 小学英语语法知识点汇总小学英语语法知识点汇总一、一、名名 词词表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。强调：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用强调：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用 is is 或者或者 waswas；最好不要根据最好不要根据 somesome、anyany、a lot ofa lot of 等词去作判断，以免受误导。等词去作判断，以免受误导。1 1、可数名词如何变、可数名词如何变“复数形式复数形式”：a a一般情况

2、下，直接加一般情况下，直接加-s-s，如：，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-bedsbook-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds；读音：清辅音后；读音：清辅音后读读 ss，浊辅音和元音后读浊辅音和元音后读zz。b b以以 s.x.sh.chs.x.sh.ch 结尾，加结尾，加-es-es，如：，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watchesbus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches；读音：读音：iziz。c c以以“辅音字母

3、辅音字母+y”+y”结尾，结尾，变变 y y 为为 i,i,再加再加-es-es，如：如：family-families,strawberry-strawberriesfamily-families,strawberry-strawberries；读音：读音：zz。d d以以“f“f 或或 fe”fe”结尾，变结尾，变 f f 或或 fe fe 为为 v,v,再加再加-es-es，如：，如：knife-knivesknife-knives，thief-thievesthief-thieves；读音：；读音：zz。e e以以“o”“o”结尾的词，分两种情况结尾的词，分两种情况1 1）有生命的）有

4、生命的+es+es读音：读音：zz如：如：mango-mangoesmango-mangoestomato-tomatoestomato-tomatoeshero-heroeshero-heroes2)2)无生命的无生命的+s+s读音：读音：zz如：如：photo-photosphoto-photosradio-radiosradio-radiosf.f.不规则名词复数：不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,p

5、olicewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen,mouse-mice,child-children,snowman-snowmen,mouse-mice,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanesefoot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese2 2、不可数名词没有复数。、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词

6、所表达的数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词量词+of”+of”。例如：例如：a glass of water,a piece of paper,a bottle of juicea glass of water,a piece of paper,a bottle of juice判断步骤：判断步骤：如是如是 amam、is is 或或 waswas原形原形读句子读句子读该单词读该单词认识该单词认识该单词理解意思理解意思看看 bebe 动词动词如是如是 areare 或或 werewere加加 s s 或或 eses练一练练

7、一练1 1、写出下列各词的复数。、写出下列各词的复数。I I_himhim_thisthis_her_her_watch_watch_mango_mango_child _photo _ diary _child _photo _ diary _day_day_ foot_ dress _foot_ dress _tooth_ sheep _tooth_ sheep _box_box_ strawberry _ thief _strawberry _ thief _engineer_ peach_ sandwichengineer_ peach_ sandwich_man_man_woman_

8、woman_ leaf_leaf_people_people_ 在此处键入在此处键入 在此处键入在此处键入 2 2、用所给名词的正确形式填空。、用所给名词的正确形式填空。（1 1）Are there twoAre there two(box)on the table?(box)on the table?（2 2）I can see someI can see some(people)in the cinema.(people)in the cinema.（3 3）How manyHow many(day)are there in a week?(day)are there in a week?

9、（4 4）Herere fiveHerere five(bottle)of(bottle)of(juice)for you.(juice)for you.（5 5）ThisThis(violin)is hers.Those(violin)is hers.Those(grape)are over there.(grape)are over there.二、冠二、冠词词冠词是一种虚词，不能独立使用，通常放在名词的前面，分为冠词是一种虚词，不能独立使用，通常放在名词的前面，分为“不定冠词不定冠词”和和“定定冠词冠词”两种。两种。1 1、不定冠词：、不定冠词：a a、anan。用在单数名词前，表示。用

10、在单数名词前，表示“一个，一件一个，一件”。anan 用在以元音用在以元音“音素音素”开头开头的单词前。如：的单词前。如：an e-mail,an orange,an old man,an English waan e-mail,an orange,an old man,an English watch,an hourtch,an hour2 2、定冠词：、定冠词：thethe。用在单数或者复数名词前。用在单数或者复数名词前。thethe 没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那。它没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那。它的基本用法：的基本用法：（1 1）用来表示特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：）用来表示特

11、指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：The map on the wall is new.The map on the wall is new.（2 2）表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如：）表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如：Look at the picture,please.Look at the picture,please.（3 3）表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如：）表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如：This is a stamp.The stamp is beautiful.This is a stamp.The stamp is beautiful.（4 4）用在表示世界上独一

12、无二的事物前。如：）用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sunthe sun 太阳太阳 the moonthe moon 月亮月亮 the earththe earth地球地球（5 5）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the Great Wallthe Great Wall长城长城（6 6）用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如：）用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如：the Changjiang Riverthe Changjiang River 长江长江（7 7）此外，序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定）此外，序数词、形容词

13、最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词冠词 thethe。如：。如：the first day,the best boy,play the piano,in the same classthe first day,the best boy,play the piano,in the same class确定用确定用 a a、anan 还是还是 thethe 时可根据汉语意思。时可根据汉语意思。练一练练一练1 1、用、用 a a 或或 anan 填空。填空。_“U”_“U”_ ice-cream _ ice-cream _ _ goalkeeper _goalkeeper _te

14、apotteapot_apple_apple _office _office _English book _English book_umbrella_umbrella_unit_unit_hour_hour2 2、根据需要，填写冠词、根据需要，填写冠词 a a，anan 或或 thethe。（1 1）Who is _girl behind _tree?Who is _girl behind _tree?（2 2）_old man has two children,_ son and _daughter._old man has two children,_ son and _daughter

15、.（3 3）This is _ orange._ orange isThis is _ orange._ orange is Lucys.Lucys.（4 4）He likes playing _guitar.We have _same hobby.He likes playing _guitar.We have _same hobby.（5 5）We all had_good time last Sunday.We all had_good time last Sunday.（6 6）She wants to be_doctor.She wants to be_doctor.在此处键入在此处

16、键入 在此处键入在此处键入 三三 数数 词词我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。区别：基数词前面没有示次序，常在日期中出现。区别：基数词前面没有“thethe”；序数词前一定要有；序数词前一定要有“thethe”。1 1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上“-”。如：。如：2121 twenty-onetwenty-one2 2、三位数以上的则需要在百位数后再加上、三位数以上的则需要在百位数后再加上 andand。如：。

17、如：101101 a/one hundred and onea/one hundred and one3 3、用基数词来修饰可数名词时，用基数词来修饰可数名词时，一定别忘了它的复数形式。一定别忘了它的复数形式。如：如：十八个男孩十八个男孩 eighteen boyseighteen boys4 4、用基数词修饰不可数名词时，如是复数，变它的量词为复数。、用基数词修饰不可数名词时，如是复数，变它的量词为复数。如：两碗米饭如：两碗米饭 two bowls of ricetwo bowls of rice5 5、序数词一般加、序数词一般加“th”“th”，特殊的有：，特殊的有：first,secon

18、d,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfthfirst,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth 以及二以及二十及二十及二十以外的整十：十以外的整十：twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth“twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth“第几十几第几十几”：前面整十不变，后面：前面整十不变，后面“几几”改为序改为序数词。如：数词。如：8888 eighty-eightheighty-eighth练一练练一练1 1、请翻译下列短语。、请翻译下列短语。（1 1）6060 名学生名学生（2 2）1515 本英语

19、书本英语书（3 3）九杯凉水）九杯凉水（4 4）4 4 个孩子个孩子（5 5）1212 月月 3131（6 6）6 6 月月 2 2 日日（7 7）第九周）第九周（8 8）4040 年前年前（9 9）11+711+7（1010）上学第一天）上学第一天2 2、把下列基数词改成序数词。、把下列基数词改成序数词。one-one-two-two-three-three-nine-nine-fourteen-fourteen-twenty-twenty-thirty-five-eighty-onethirty-five-eighty-one 在此处键入在此处键入 在此处键入在此处键入 四、代四、代词词代

20、词有两种：人称代词和物主代词。代词有两种：人称代词和物主代词。1 1、人称代词分为：第一、第二、第三人称，且有单复数之分。、人称代词分为：第一、第二、第三人称，且有单复数之分。2 2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语，一般用在动词前（疑问句除外）；宾格在句、人称代词的主格在句中做主语，一般用在动词前（疑问句除外）；宾格在句中中做宾语，多用于动词、介词后。做宾语，多用于动词、介词后。3 3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，后面一定要跟名词，表示该名词是属于、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，后面一定要跟名词，表示该名词是属于谁谁的。的。4 4、名词性物主代词、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词形容词性物主

21、代词+名词。如：名词。如：This is my bag.=This is mine.This is my bag.=This is mine.That is her ruler.=That is hers.That is her ruler.=That is hers.一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主代词。代词。请牢记下表：请牢记下表：单数单数复复数数主格主格I Iyouyouheheshesheit itweweyouyoutheythey人称人称代词代词宾格宾格memeyouyouh

22、imhimherherit itususyouyouthemthem形容词性形容词性mymyyouryourhishisherheritsitsourouryouryourtheirtheir物主物主代词代词名词性名词性minemineyoursyourshishishershersitsitsoursoursyoursyourstheirstheirs练一练练一练1 1、按要求写出相应人称代词。、按要求写出相应人称代词。在此处键入在此处键入 在此处键入在此处键入 I I（宾格）（宾格）_sheshe（形容词性物主代词）（形容词性物主代词）_wewe（名词性物主代（名词性物主代词）词）_heh

23、e（复数）（复数）_usus（单数）（单数）_theirstheirs（主格）（主格）_ its_ its（宾格）（宾格）_2 2、想一想，把下表补充完整。、想一想，把下表补充完整。人称代词人称代词单数单数物主代词物主代词单数单数形容形容名名词词性性复数复数主主宾宾复数复数形容形容词性词性ourour主主宾宾名名词词性性格格格格格格格格词性词性第一第一人称人称第二第二人称人称第三第三人称人称memeususyouyouheheherherit ityouyouhishisitsitsthemthemtheirtheir3 3、用所给词的适当形式填空。、用所给词的适当形式填空。1 1）That

24、is not _ kite.That kite is very small,but _ is very big.(I)That is not _ kite.That kite is very small,but _ is very big.(I)2 2）The dress is _.Give it to _.(she)The dress is _.Give it to _.(she)3 3）Is this _ watch?(you)No,its not _Is this _ watch?(you)No,its not _.(I).(I)4 4）_ is my brother._ name is

25、 Jack.Look!Those stamps are _._ is my brother._ name is Jack.Look!Those stamps are _.(he)(he)5 5）_ dresses are red.(we)What colour are _?(you)_ dresses are red.(we)What colour are _?(you)6 6）Show _ your kite,OK?(they)Show _ your kite,OK?(they)7 7）I have a beautiful cat._name is Mimi.These cakes are

26、_.(it)I have a beautiful cat._name is Mimi.These cakes are _.(it)8 8）Are these _ tickets?No,_ are not _._ arent here.Are these _ tickets?No,_ are not _._ arent here.(they)(they)9 9）Shall _ have a look at that classroom?That is _ classroom.(we)Shall _ have a look at that classroom?That is _ classroom

27、.(we)1010）_ is my aunt.Do you know _ job?_is a nurse.(she)_ is my aunt.Do you know _ job?_is a nurse.(she)1111）Where are _?I cant find _.Lets call _ parents.(they)Where are _?I cant find _.Lets call _ parents.(they)1212）Dont touch _._is not a cat,_ is a tiger!(it)Dont touch _._is not a cat,_ is a ti

28、ger!(it)1313）_ sister is ill.Please go and see _.(she)_ sister is ill.Please go and see _.(she)在此处键入在此处键入 在此处键入在此处键入 1414）The girl behind _ is our friend.(she)The girl behind _ is our friend.(she)五、形容词、副词五、形容词、副词1 1、形容词表示某一事物或人的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词有三种形式：、形容词表示某一事物或人的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词有三种形式：原形、比较

29、原形、比较级、最高级。比较级：级、最高级。比较级：+er+er 最高级：最高级：the+estthe+est两个重要特征：两个重要特征：asasasas 中间一定用原形，中间一定用原形，thanthan 的前面一定要的前面一定要+er+er。2 2、形容词、副词比较级的规则变化如下：、形容词、副词比较级的规则变化如下：（1 1）一般直接）一般直接+er+er。如：。如：tall-taller,fast-fastertall-taller,fast-faster单音节词如果以单音节词如果以-e-e 结尾，只加结尾，只加-r-r。如：。如：在此处键入在此处键入 在此处键入在此处键入 late-la

30、terlate-later（2 2）重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须双写这个字母，须双写这个字母，再加再加-er-er。如：如：big-bigger,big-bigger,fat-fatterfat-fatter（3 3）以辅音字母加）以辅音字母加-y-y 结尾的词，变结尾的词，变 y y 为为 i i，再加，再加-er-er。如：。如：heavy-heavier,early-earlierheavy-heavier,early-earlier（4 4）双音节和多音节词的比较级应在原级前加双音节和多音节词的比较级应在原级前加 moremore 构成。构

31、成。如：如：beautiful-more beautiful,beautiful-more beautiful,careful-more careful,quietly-more quietly,interesting-more interestingcareful-more careful,quietly-more quietly,interesting-more interesting（5 5）有些不规则变化的，须逐一加以记忆。如：）有些不规则变化的，须逐一加以记忆。如：good/wellgood/well better,bad/ill better,bad/ill worse,worse

32、,many/muchmany/much more,far more,far farther/further,old farther/further,old older/elderolder/elder练一练练一练1 1、写出下列形容词、副词的比较级。、写出下列形容词、副词的比较级。bigbiggoodgoodlonglongtalltalloldoldshortshortthinthinheavyheavyyoungyoungfatfatlightlightstrongstronghighhighfarfarlowlowearlyearlylatelatewellwellfastfastslo

33、wslow2 2、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1)I can swim as _(fast)as the fish,I think.1)I can swim as _(fast)as the fish,I think.2)Look!His hands are _2)Look!His hands are _(big)than mine.(big)than mine.3)I think you do these things_(well)than your classmates.3)I think you do these things_(well)than

34、your classmates.4)Whose bag is _(heavy),yours or mine?4)Whose bag is _(heavy),yours or mine?5)Does Jim run as _5)Does Jim run as _（slow)as David?Yes,but Mike runs_(slow)thanslow)as David?Yes,but Mike runs_(slow)thanthem.them.6)You have seven books,but I have _(many)than you.I ha ve ten.6)You have se

35、ven books,but I have _(many)than you.I ha ve ten.7)I jump _(far)than some of the boys in my class.7)I jump _(far)than some of the boys in my class.8)Im very8)Im very_(thin),but shes(thin),but shes _(thin)than me._(thin)than me.9)It gets _and_(warm)when spring comes here.9)It gets _and_(warm)when spr

36、ing comes here.六、介六、介词词1 1、一种虚词。、一种虚词。不能单独作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语，才能在句子不能单独作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语，才能在句子中起作用。中起作用。有：有：in,on,under,with,behind,about,near,before,after,for,to,up,down,from,in front of,in,on,under,with,behind,about,near,before,after,for,to,up,down,from,in front of,out of,out of,在此处键入在

37、此处键入 在此处键入在此处键入 fromfromto,at the back ofto,at the back of2 2、表示时间的介词有：、表示时间的介词有：at,on,inat,on,in。（1 1）atat 表示表示“在某一个具体的时间点上在某一个具体的时间点上”，或用在固定，或用在固定词组中。如：词组中。如：at tenat tenoclock,at 9:30 a.m.,at night,at the weekendoclock,at 9:30 a.m.,at night,at the weekend（2 2）onon 表示表示“在某日或某日的时间段在某日或某日的时间段”。如：。如：

38、on Friday,on theon Friday,on thefirst of October,on Monday morningfirst of October,on Monday morning（3 3）inin 表示表示“在某一段时间（月份、季节）里在某一段时间（月份、季节）里”。如：。如：in the afternoon,in the afternoon,i in September,in summer,in 2005n September,in summer,in 20053 3、inin 一词还有其他的固定搭配，如：一词还有其他的固定搭配，如：in bluein blue（穿着蓝

39、色的衣服）（穿着蓝色的衣服），in Englishin English（用英语表（用英语表达）达），take part intake part in（参（参加）加）。练一练练一练1 1、选用括号内恰当的介词填空。、选用括号内恰当的介词填空。1)What1)Whats thiss this _(at,on,in)English?_(at,on,in)English?2)Christmas is _(at,on,in)the 25th of December.2)Christmas is _(at,on,in)the 25th of December.3)The man_3)The man_(wi

40、th,on,in)black is Su Hais father.(with,on,in)black is Su Hais father.4)He doesnt do well4)He doesnt do well _(at,on,in)PE._(at,on,in)PE.5)Look at those birds _(on,in)the tree.5)Look at those birds _(on,in)the tree.6)We are going to meet _(at,on,in)the bus stop _(at,on,in)half past6)We are going to m

41、eet _(at,on,in)the bus stop _(at,on,in)half pastten.ten.7)Is there a cat _(under,behind,in)the door?7)Is there a cat _(under,behind,in)the door?8)Helens writing paper is8)Helens writing paper is _(in,in front of)her computer._(in,in front of)her computer.9)We live _(at,on,in)a new house now.9)We liv

42、e _(at,on,in)a new house now.10)Does it often rain _(at,on,in)spring there?10)Does it often rain _(at,on,in)spring there?2 2、圈出下列句子中运用不恰当的介词，并将正确的答案写在横线上。、圈出下列句子中运用不恰当的介词，并将正确的答案写在横线上。1)Jim is good in English and Maths.1)Jim is good in English and Maths.2)The films were in the ground just2)The films

43、 were in the ground justnow.now.3)They are talking to their plans.3)They are talking to their plans.4)How many students have their4)How many students have theirbirthdays on May?birthdays on May?5)Womens Day is at the third of March.5)Womens Day is at the third of March.6)I can jog to school on the6)

44、I can jog to school on themorning.morning.7)Did you water trees at the farm?7)Did you water trees at the farm?8)Can you come and help me on my8)Can you come and help me on myEnglish?English?9)I usually take photos in Sunday morning.9)I usually take photos in Sunday morning.10)What did you do on the

45、Spring10)What did you do on the SpringFestival?Festival?七、动七、动词词 在此处键入在此处键入 在此处键入在此处键入 这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称，其中包括这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称，其中包括bebe 动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词（就是我们平时总说的那种动词）词（就是我们平时总说的那种动词）。动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：先用“一（量词）先用“一（量词）”（如：一个、一张等）和这个词连起来说，如说得通，一般

46、认为（如：一个、一张等）和这个词连起来说，如说得通，一般认为是名词；说不通再用“很”去判断，就是把“很”和为个词连起来说，说得通一般就是是名词；说不通再用“很”去判断，就是把“很”和为个词连起来说，说得通一般就是形容词；都说不通就是动词。形容词；都说不通就是动词。（目前我们学过的，以后可能不同）（目前我们学过的，以后可能不同）（另外一些很明显的，（另外一些很明显的，如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道）如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道）1 1、bebe 动词（动词（am,is,are,was,weream,is,are,was,were）1 1）amamwas,iswas,is

47、 was,are-werewas,are-were 口诀：我用口诀：我用 am,am,你用你用 are,isare,is 用在他她它，所有复数全用用在他她它，所有复数全用areare。2 2）肯定和否定句）肯定和否定句 I am(not)from London.He is(not)a teacher.She is(not)in the diningI am(not)from London.He is(not)a teacher.She is(not)in the diningroom.My hair is(not)room.My hair is(not)long.Her eyes are(no

48、t)small.long.Her eyes are(not)small.3 3）一般疑问句）一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese?Yes,you arAm I a Chinese?Yes,you are.No,you arent.Are they American?Yes,e.No,you arent.Are they American?Yes,they are.No,they arent.they are.No,they arent.Is the cat fat?Yes,it is.No,it isnt.Is the cat fat?Yes,it is.No,it isnt.4 4）be

49、be 动词的否定形式：动词的否定形式：am notam not（没有缩写形式）（没有缩写形式），are not=arentare not=arent，is not=isntis not=isnt。练一练练一练1 1、用、用 bebe 动词的适当形式填空。动词的适当形式填空。1 1）I _ a boy._ you a boy?No,I _ not.I _ a boy._ you a boy?No,I _ not.2 2）The girl_ Jacks sister.The girl_ Jacks sister.3 3）The dog _ tall and fat.The dog _ tall a

50、nd fat.4 4）The man with big eyesThe man with big eyes_ a teacher._ a teacher.5 5）_ your brother in the classroom?_ your brother in the classroom?6 6）How _ your father?How _ your father?7 7）Mike and Liu Tao _ at school.Mike and Liu Tao _ at school.8 8）Whose dress _ this?Whose dress _ this?9 9）Whose s