听力教程1 第2版 (戴炜栋 施心远)Unit8.ppt

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1、Unit 8Listening Course 2Listening Course 2Section OneSection One Tactics for ListeningTactics for Listening Part 1:PhoneticsFocusUnderstanding stressed“any”,“anything”and“anyone”The use of any,anyone,anything,etc.is common in English.However,if the word is stressed,it means something.In the sentence

2、,“We wont accept any price.”If“any”is stressed,it means“We may accept but only if we are offered the best condition.”Listen to Joanna.When does she mean“Not at all”?When does she mean“Only in special cases”?Tick the right box12345678Not at all.Only in special cases.Part 2 Listen and Note-takingSleep

3、SleepFocus:1.Understanding a talk about sleep2.Selecting key words3.Organizing the notes in the form of a summaryEx.A:Listen to some sentences and fill in the blanks with the missing words.1.We are beginning to understand the importance of the dream stage in our sleep cycles.2.This stage of sleep is

4、 known as slow-wave sleep because the brain waves move in a very slow regular rhythm.3.When the eyes begin to move,this is a sign of another changethe change is that the person is dreaming.4.During 8 hours of sleep people dream for a total of 1.5 hours,on the average.5.Doctors have studied the sleep

5、 cycle and have found that everyone dreamsin fact,that everyone needs to dream in order to stay healthy.Ex.B:Take notes and complete the following summary.Everyone needs to sleep.It seems that there are two purposes of sleep:physical rest and emotional or psychological rest.We need to rest our bodie

6、s and our minds.Each night we alternate between two kinds of sleep:active sleep and passive sleep.In passive sleep,the body is at rest.The heart slows down.The body processes become very slow.This stage of sleep is know as slow-wave sleep because the brain waves move in a very slow regular rhythm.(C

7、ontinued)If a person continues to sleep,she or he enters a new stage,a more active stage.The brain temperature rises,the amount of blood in the brain increases.The body becomes very still,and the brain goes from being very inactive to being active.And the eyes begin to move rapidly.This is a sign th

8、at the person is dreaming.Throughout the night,people alternate between passive and active sleep.This cycle is repeated several times throughout the night.During eight hours of sleep dream for a total of one and a half hours,on the average.We need passive sleep in order to rest our bodies.We need ac

9、tive sleep in order to dream.And dreaming helps us to rest our minds.Section TwoSection Two Listening Listening ComprehensionComprehensionPart 1 Dialogues Focus:Understanding the construction of“must/may/might/could+have done”deduction on what have happened.Recognize specific detailsMake inferencesD

10、ialogue 1 Guess What!Dialogue 1 Guess What!Vocabulary:must/may/might have done(See attachment for more):Used to indicate logical probability or presumptive certainty:If the lights were on,they must have been at home.She is late for half an hour.She must/may/might have missed the bus.pass out:lose co

11、nsciousnessHe would pass out if he took one more drink.my gosh:Used to express surprise,meaning“my god”panic(panicked):be overcome by a sudden fearThe crowd panicked at the sound of the explosion.puppy:a young dog 附附:列表对比看列表对比看“情态动词情态动词+have done”结构的用法结构的用法一、表示对过去情况的推测或估计 结构结构所用句式所用句式意义意义must have d

12、one肯定句一定（已经）may/might have done肯定句可能（已经）否定句可能还没有can/could have done否定句不可能（已经）疑问句可能（已经）了吗？Note:1.might/could有时并不是may/can的过去式，而是表示一种委婉的语气或更小的可能性。2.might have done有时可用于疑问句中，此时might就相当于can/could。二、表示对过去所发生的事情的遗憾或责备 结构结构所用句式所用句式意义意义should/ought to have done肯定句、否定句、疑问句本来（不）应该的might/could have done肯定句本来能够/

13、可以的need have done否定句本不必要的Note:1.might have done有时可表示对过去发生事情的庆幸，意为“差点儿”。如：Didnt you see that car nearly hit me?I might have been killed.2.要注意neednt have done与didnt need to do 意义的差别。如：He neednt have come.他本没有必要来。（实际却来了）He didnt need to come.他没有必要来。（实际也没来）Ex.1.Do you know where David is?I couldnt find

14、him anywhere.Well,he _ have gone far,for his coat is still here.A.shouldnt B.mustntC.cantD.wouldnt2.He _ you more help,even though he was busy.A.might have givenB.might not giveC.may not have givenD.may give(A)3.There was plenty of time.She _.A.mustnt have hurriedB.couldnt have hurriedC.mustnt hurry

15、D.neednt have hurried(D)4.Tom graduated from college at a very young age.Oh,he _ have been a very smart boy then.A.couldB.shouldC.mightD.must(D)5.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared.Who _ have taken it?A.shouldB.mustC.couldD.shall6.I really worried about you.You _ home without a word.A.mus

16、tnt leaveB.shouldnt have leftC.couldnt have leftD.neednt leave(B)Ex.A:Listen to Jackie,Bill and Beth and decide whether the statements are true or false._ 1.They were supposed to meet Beth at 7 oclock._ 2.It was already passed 8 oclock._ 3.Bill called Beth but there was no answer._ 4.Beth must have

17、left already._ 5.Beth was delayed by the traffic._ _.TF(Jackie:Its nearly a quarter to 8)TFBeth had an emergency.She had to send her dog Sally to the vet_ 6.The dog fainted just before Beth was about to leave._ 7.The wet gave Sally an injection._ 8.The vet didnt allow Beth to take Sally home._ 9.Sal

18、ly was pregnant._ 10.Beth would have grandchildren soon.TTTTF(Beth:I had to leave her with him.)Bill is joking when he says“Congratulations!Youre gong to be a grandmother.Dialogue 2 SnakesDialogue 2 SnakesVocabulary:cobra:rat snake:prise:to move or force,especially in an effort to get something open

19、 convent:a religious residence especially for nunswretched:very unhappy;miserable go into hysterics:suffer from an attack of hysteria recurring nightmare:nightmare that comes back many times歇斯底里症的发歇斯底里症的发作作,发疯发疯Ex.A:Choose the best answer for each of the questions1.C 2.D 3.C 4.DPart 2 PassagesFocus:

20、Understanding words and expressions used in astronomyRecognizing specific informationPassage 1 What Is a Black Hole?Passage 1 What Is a Black Hole?a region of space resulting froma region of space resulting fromthe collapse of a star;extremely the collapse of a star;extremely high gravitational fiel

21、dhigh gravitational field 黑洞，实际上是一团质量很大的物质，黑洞，实际上是一团质量很大的物质，黑洞，实际上是一团质量很大的物质，黑洞，实际上是一团质量很大的物质，其引力极大（仡今为止还未发现有比它其引力极大（仡今为止还未发现有比它其引力极大（仡今为止还未发现有比它其引力极大（仡今为止还未发现有比它引力更大的物质），形成一个深井。它引力更大的物质），形成一个深井。它引力更大的物质），形成一个深井。它引力更大的物质），形成一个深井。它是由质量和密度极大的恒星不断坍缩而是由质量和密度极大的恒星不断坍缩而是由质量和密度极大的恒星不断坍缩而是由质量和密度极大的恒星不断坍缩而形成

22、的，当恒星内部的物质核心发生极形成的，当恒星内部的物质核心发生极形成的，当恒星内部的物质核心发生极形成的，当恒星内部的物质核心发生极不稳定变化之后会形成一个称为不稳定变化之后会形成一个称为不稳定变化之后会形成一个称为不稳定变化之后会形成一个称为“奇点奇点奇点奇点”的孤立点。他会将一切进入视界的物的孤立点。他会将一切进入视界的物的孤立点。他会将一切进入视界的物的孤立点。他会将一切进入视界的物质吸入，任何东西不能从那里逃脱出来质吸入，任何东西不能从那里逃脱出来质吸入，任何东西不能从那里逃脱出来质吸入，任何东西不能从那里逃脱出来（包括光）。他没有具体形状，也无法（包括光）。他没有具体形状，也无法（包

23、括光）。他没有具体形状，也无法（包括光）。他没有具体形状，也无法看见它，只能根据周围行星的走向来判看见它，只能根据周围行星的走向来判看见它，只能根据周围行星的走向来判看见它，只能根据周围行星的走向来判断它的存在。断它的存在。断它的存在。断它的存在。Vocabulary:velocity:speedescape velocity:the minimum velocity needed to escape a gravitational field 逃逸速度As a body is crushed into a smaller and smaller volume,As a heavenly bo

24、dy is shrinking into a smaller and smaller size,supernova:a star that explodes andbecomes extremely luminous in the process 超新星超新星neutron star:a star that has collapsed under its own gravity;it is composed of neutrons中子星中子星 pressure gradient:气压梯度galaxy:(also known as milk way)a collection of star sy

25、stems;any of thebillions of systems each having many stars and nebulae and dust 星云星云 Ex.A:Pre-listening questions1.What is black hole?(Open to discussion)Ex.B:Listen to the passage and choose the best answer of the each of the questions.1.D 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.CEx.C:Answer the questions1.What

26、makes a tennis ball turn back if you do not throw it hard enough?The gravitational attraction or gravity.2.What is known as the escape velocity?The velocity the ball must have to escape is known as the escape velocity.3.What is a neutron star?When a star explodes into a supernova after burning all i

27、ts fuel,the stuff that is left collapses down to an extremely dense object known as a neutron star.4.What will happen to a neutron star if the gravitational forces overwhelm the pressure gradients?It continues to shrink until it finally becomes a black hole.5.How many neutron stars have been identif

28、ied in neighboring galaxies?About 500 neutron stars have been identified in neighboring galaxies.Passage 2 My Ancestor was a Rhinoceros Passage 2 My Ancestor was a Rhinoceros Vocabulary:rhinoceros/rhino:犀牛犀牛 horn:(牛、羊等的牛、羊等的)角角 Ex.A:Pre-listening questionsWhat is an ancestor?An ancestor is someone,a

29、 man or woman,in your family.That person is now dead,and died many years,even hundreds of years ago.What did the narrator think of his ancestor was?He thought his ancestor was a rhinoceros.Ex.B:Choose the best answer for each of the questions.1.A 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.CEx.C:Answer the questions1

30、.Why did the narrator think his family was very different from others at one time?At one time,he thought his family was very different from others because he had trouble with a word“ancestor”.2.When did the narrator hear the word“ancestor”?The narrator first heard the word in a story his mother told

31、 him one night.3.What did the narrator think his ancestor were?The narrator thought his ancestors were animals.4.Why did the narrator stand in front of the mirror for several months?Because he was worried that something was going to happen to him.5.Why did the narrators mother look at him strangely

32、when he shouted“Theres a man!”?Because she never expected his son would think of his ancestors as animals.Part 3 NewsFocus:Bomb attacks and HostagesRecognizing factsSummaryNews Item 1News Item 1Ex.A:Summarize the newsThis news item is about a car bomb explosion in eastern Columbia.Ex.B:Complete the

33、following outlineEvent:_Casualties:_Place:_The intended target:_Responsibility claimed:_Reward offered for the information:_A car bomb has exploded in eastern ColumbiaAt least 5 civilians have been killed.2 of them were childrenThe explosion took place near a military base where 70 United States spe

34、cial forces soldiers are training Columbian troops.A military security group that was passing by was the target.No one has claimed responsibility for the attackOfficials are offering a$17,000 reward for information that leads to an arrest.News Item 2News Item 2Mali:a country of west Africa;became pa

35、rt of French West Africa in the 19th century and achieved independence in 1960;a center of West African civilization for more than 4,000 yearsEx.A:Summarize the newsThis news item is about Algerian hostage incident.Ex.B:Listen to the news and fill in the blanks.The Government of Mali says all 14 Eur

36、opeans held hostage by Algerian militants in the Sahara Desert have been released.A Malian officials said the former hostages are with government officials.The hostages include 9 Germans,4 Swiss and 1 Dutchman.They were held for 5 months.Officials gave no details about the hostages condition.Officia

37、ls also did not say if they paid the militants to release the hostages.The hostages were among 32 Europeans kidnapped by militants in southern Algeria in February.The Algerian army freed 17 of the hostages in a rescue operation in May.One hostage is aid to have died of the extreme heat.News Item 3Ne

38、ws Item 3 Background:Colin L.Powell:An American military leader and statesman.In 2001 he was appointed Secretary of State,the first African-American to hold that position.Ex.A:Summarize the newsThis news item is about the recent development of the repayment for Rockerbie air crash.Ex.B:Answer the fo

39、llowing questions:1.Negotiators are close to an agreement for Libya to do what?To accept responsibility for bombing of a passenger plane over Scotland.2.Officials from which countries hold talks?American,British and Libyan officials held talks in London.3.How much money would Libya place in a Swiss

40、bank for the families of those who died in the bombing?Almost$3,000 million in a Swiss bank for the families of those who died in the bombing.4.What would Libya also declare?Declare that it accepts responsibility for the bombing of the Pam Am Airline in 1988.5.How many people were killed in the expl

41、osion?The explosion killed all 259 people on the plane.11 others on the ground in Lockerbie were killed.6.How is the bomber punished?A Libyan agent is in prison for life for placing a bomb on the plane.Section ThreeHenry Ford(July 30,1863 April 7,1947)was the American founder of the Ford Motor Compa

42、ny and father of modern assembly lines used in mass production.His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry.He was a prolific inventor and was awarded 161 U.S.patents.As owner of the Ford Company he became one of the richest and best-known people in

43、the world.He is credited with Fordism,that is,the mass production of large numbers of inexpensive automobiles using the assembly line,coupled with high wages for his workers.Ford had a global vision,with consumerism as the key to peace.Ford did not believe in accountants;he amassed one of the worlds

44、 largest fortunes without ever having his company audited under his administration.Henry Fords intense commitment to lowering costs resulted in many technical and business innovations,including a franchise system that put a dealership in every city in North America,and in major cities on six contine

45、nts.Ford left most of his vast wealth to the Ford Foundation but arranged for his family to control the company permanently.Section FourEx.A1.The most serious problem that can happen during the childbirth is too much bleeding.2.The skilled person can identify any problems quickly.3.The families should know when,where and how they will take the mother to get help if there are problems.4.The cord that connects the baby to the mother should be cut and tied.5.A mothers first milk is very healthy for the newborns,and breastfeeding helps protect babies from disease.