行文连贯与结构紧凑.ppt

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1、高考英语书面表达评分原则高考英语书面表达评分原则1.1.本题总分为本题总分为2525分，按分，按5 5个档次给分。个档次给分。2.2.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。次，最后给分。3.3.词数少于词数少于8080或多于或多于120120的，从总分中减去的，从总分中减去2 2分。分。4.4.评分时应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇评分时应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性及上下文的连贯性。和语法结构的数量和准确

2、性及上下文的连贯性。5.5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。6.6.如书写较差以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。如书写较差以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。高考英语书面表达优秀习作参考标准高考英语书面表达优秀习作参考标准高考书面表达第五档要求：（高考书面表达第五档要求：（25-30分）分）完全完成了试题规定的任务。完全完成了试题规定的任务。覆盖所有内容要点。覆盖所有内容要点。应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。词法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力词法结构

3、或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致。使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致。有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。构紧凑。完全达到了预期的写作目的。完全达到了预期的写作目的。什么是行文连贯与结构紧凑什么是行文连贯与结构紧凑“有效地使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。有效地使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。”首先我们必须明确：并不是句子长，句型复杂，就首先我们必须明确：并不是句子长，句型复杂，就能使短文连贯。很多代词、连词、副词、固定短语、能使短文连贯。很多代词、连词、副词、固定短语、句型都能很好地连接上下文，确切地表达上下文

4、的句型都能很好地连接上下文，确切地表达上下文的意思，起到衔接上下文、连贯全篇与结构紧凑的作意思，起到衔接上下文、连贯全篇与结构紧凑的作用。由此可见，行文连贯与布局谋篇是评判书面表用。由此可见，行文连贯与布局谋篇是评判书面表达水平高低的重要标志之一。但是许多考生在写作达水平高低的重要标志之一。但是许多考生在写作中却往往忽视这一点，或根本不知如何才能做到行中却往往忽视这一点，或根本不知如何才能做到行文连贯。文连贯。所谓所谓行文连贯行文连贯，也就是，也就是“有效地使用了语句的连接有效地使用了语句的连接成分成分”，就是指通过使用，就是指通过使用过渡性词语过渡性词语来控制整个描来控制整个描述过程，然后达

5、到了述过程，然后达到了“使全文结构紧凑使全文结构紧凑”，也就是，也就是布局谋篇的能力再现。布局谋篇的能力再现。表示表示时间顺序时间顺序关系的：关系的：first,second,next,then,at first,at last,after that,not until，when,while,as,before,after,until,till,as soon as,once,later,afterwards,soon,lately,recently,since,ever since,from then on 表示表示并列顺承并列顺承关系的：关系的：and,or,not onlybut als

6、o,neithernor,either or表示观点表示观点的过渡词语：的过渡词语：I think,I suppose,in my view,in my opinion,as far as I can see,as far as I am concerned；as we all know,as is known to all；Actually(speaking),in fact,as a matter of fact,to tell you the truth；generally speaking,in general,on the whole；frankly speaking,to be f

7、rank；honestly speaking,to be honest 表示表示转述表达转述表达关系：关系：in other words,that is to say,that is,to put it another way表示表示附带条件附带条件关系：关系：if,unless,as long as,on the condition(that),or else,otherwise表示表示转折对比转折对比关系的：关系的：but,yet,still,however,while,instead,on the other hand,on the contrary，in contrast,wherea

8、s，nevertheless表示表示情绪情绪、情感情感的过渡语的过渡语to ones joy(令某人高兴的是令某人高兴的是)to ones surprise (令某人惊讶的是令某人惊讶的是)to ones disappointment(令某人失望的是令某人失望的是)to ones pride (令某人自豪的是令某人自豪的是)to ones satisfaction (令某人满意的是令某人满意的是)to ones horror(令某人惊恐的是令某人惊恐的是)等等表示表示特定的顺序特定的顺序关系关系首先，最主要的：首先，最主要的：most of all，above all，best of all,

9、首先：首先：first,first of all,firstly,其次：其次：secondly然后：然后：then,next最后：最后：at last,lastly,finally,in the end Types Transitional Word 关联词关联词Consequence 结果类结果类Concession让步类让步类Cause 原因类原因类Time 顺序类顺序类Conclusion结论类结论类therefore,so,otherwise,as a result,thus,as a consequenceafter all,even if,although,even though,

10、so,in spite of，though because,for this reason,because of,due to,on account of,thanks to,asfirst of all,in the first place,to begin with,but later on,first,second,at first,but soonto sum up,to summarize,in a word,in brief,in short,on the whole,altogether,all in all,in summary5.Types Transitional Word

11、 关关 联联 词词 Example (例举类例举类)Emphasis (强调类）强调类）Addition Addition(递进与补充）递进与补充）For example,for instance,for one thing.for another,namely,such as,that is,likein deed,above all,in any case,in fact,Most important of all,whats morein addition,besides,again,also,Worse still,moreover,furthermore,Whats more1.1.

12、她善良、勤奋、聪明。她善良、勤奋、聪明。总之，总之，她是一个好女孩。她是一个好女孩。关联词关联词与与过渡语过渡语训练训练2.令我们骄傲的是令我们骄傲的是，我们国家我们国家 又发射了一颗人造卫星。又发射了一颗人造卫星。She is kind;she is diligent;she is clever.All in all/Altogether/In one word,she is a good girl.To our pride,our country has set up another man-made satellite.4.如果如果约翰也被邀请了，我就去。约翰也被邀请了，我就去。Ill

13、come on the condition that /if John is invited too.3.告诉你实情吧，告诉你实情吧，谁去参加谁去参加 会议并不重要。会议并不重要。To tell you the truth/Actually speaking,who will go to the meeting is not important.5.他干了一件非常好的活，他干了一件非常好的活，(以至于以至于)人们都夸奖他。人们都夸奖他。6.只要只要他开车不是太快，我就他开车不是太快，我就 把车借给他。把车借给他。He did such a good job that people all pr

14、aised him.=He did so good a job that people all praised him.He could borrow my car as long as/only if he didnt drive too fast.He did a good job so that people all praised him.行文逻辑与连贯训练行文逻辑与连贯训练阅读短文，选择适当的阅读短文，选择适当的 过渡性词汇填空。过渡性词汇填空。first,whats worse,in my opinion,besides,now_1_ many middle school stud

15、ents are fat and there are reasons for it.Some eat too much met and too many snacks.Some sit too long but seldom exercise.Getting fat has quite a few disadvantages._2_,being fat makes it difficult for one to walk or move as others._3_,to be fat usually means to be weak,and it is easy for a fat perso

16、n to suffer from many kinds of diseases.At the same time.A fat person gets tired easily,which decreases his study efficiency._4_,to be fat is not a good thing for us middle students.We should try to eat less meat but more vegetables._5_ we should try our best to take part in all kinds of sports.If s

17、o,we are sure to lose weight and stay healthy.Now First Whats more In my opinion Besides 篇章结构训练篇章结构训练给下面的书面表达的主题句排序：给下面的书面表达的主题句排序：你班同学参加了你班同学参加了学生双语报学生双语报组织的一场讨论。组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：城市内是否可以饲养宠物。请你根讨论的主题是：城市内是否可以饲养宠物。请你根据下表所提供的信息，给该报社写一篇文章，介绍据下表所提供的信息，给该报社写一篇文章，介绍讨论情况，并说明自己的观点或建议。用讨论情况，并说明自己的观点或建议。用5 5个句

18、子完个句子完成文章，并思考在空白处添上适当的过渡词。成文章，并思考在空白处添上适当的过渡词。反反对对养养宠宠物的物的 同学同学认为认为 支持养支持养宠宠物的物的 同学同学认为认为1.造成造成环环境境污污染染2.可能会可能会伤伤人人1.与孤寡老人做伴与孤寡老人做伴2.人与人与动动物和物和谐谐相相 处处能增添生活情趣能增添生活情趣A.（_）Some students are against the idea of keeping pets.B.（_）Some students think its a good idea to keep pets.C.I think we can keep pets

19、 at home but we must prevent them from polluting our environment.D.Recently we have had a heated discussion on whether people should keep pets or not at home in cities.E.In general,opinions differ from People to people.On the one handOn the other hand根据下面这幅漫画写一篇短文，向学校的英语墙报投稿根据下面这幅漫画写一篇短文，向学校的英语墙报投稿说

20、明全球变暖的原因及其后果，并简述采取的措施。说明全球变暖的原因及其后果，并简述采取的措施。注意：文章需包含图示及提示内容，可以适当注意：文章需包含图示及提示内容，可以适当 增加细节以使行文连贯。增加细节以使行文连贯。行文连贯与结构完整的写作构思行文连贯与结构完整的写作构思(三段式三段式)第一段：第一段：全球变暖的原因全球变暖的原因-一方面一方面(On the one hand),(On the one hand),车辆等交通工具和工厂排放废气；车辆等交通工具和工厂排放废气；另一方面另一方面(On the other hand),(On the other hand),森林砍伐以供取暖。森林砍伐

21、以供取暖。第二段：全球变暖的后果第二段：全球变暖的后果-首先首先(Firstly/To begin with),(Firstly/To begin with),导致恶劣的天气；导致恶劣的天气；其次其次(Secondly/Next),(Secondly/Next),导致海拔升高；导致海拔升高；然后然后(Thirdly/Then),(Thirdly/Then),生态系统发生改变；生态系统发生改变；最后最后/此外此外(Finally/At last/Last but not the least;(Finally/At last/Last but not the least;Besides/Moreo

22、ver),Besides/Moreover),第三段：总结采取的措施第三段：总结采取的措施综上所述综上所述(On the whole/TO sum up/In summary/(On the whole/TO sum up/In summary/In short/According to),In short/According to),我们应该我们应该；就我个人而言就我个人而言/总体上看总体上看(As far as I can see/Personally(As far as I can see/Personally speaking/Generally speaking),speaking/

23、Generally speaking),我们应该我们应该；坦率的说坦率的说/严格的讲严格的讲(To be frank/Frankly(To be frank/Frankly speaking/Strictly speaking),speaking/Strictly speaking),我们应该我们应该These years,global warming is becoming a serious problem,endangering peoples lives.Several factors lead to the rise of temperature.First of all,a lot

24、 of greenhouse gas is produced by cars and factories;furthermore,people burn a lot of coal and wood for their life;the loss of forests is another cause of global warming.Global warming will cause some bad effects.In the first place,some islands will also result in extreme weather.If the temperature

25、keeps rising,some animals and plants will disappear from the planet,thus destroying the ecosystem.Faced with such a threat,we should make efforts to“cool”the earth for the other members of the planet as well as ourselves.假定你是李华假定你是李华,你的英国朋友你的英国朋友PeterPeter来信向来信向你咨询如何才能学好中文你咨询如何才能学好中文.请你根据下列请你根据下列要点写

26、回信要点写回信.要点要点:1.:1.参加中文学习班参加中文学习班;2.2.看中文书刊、电视；看中文书刊、电视；3.3.学唱中文歌曲；学唱中文歌曲；4.4.交中国朋友。交中国朋友。注意：注意：1.1.词数词数100100左右；左右；2.2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.3.开头语已为你写好。开头语已为你写好。Dear Peter,Im glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.Here are a few suggestions.First,it i

27、s important to take a Chinese course,as youll be able to learn from the teacher and practice with your fellow students.Then,it also helps to watch TV and read books,newspapers as well as magazines in Chinese whenever possible.Besides,it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs,because b

28、y doing so youll learn and remember Chinese words more easily.You can also make more Chinese friends.They will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.Try and write me in Chinese next time.Best wishes Li Hua （一）确定句式结构，以及段落层次（至（一）确定句式结构，以及段落层次（至少三段式）。少三段式）。（二）确定相应的关联词，过渡语（二）确定相应的关联词，过渡语

29、，使句使句 式、段落等意义连贯，层次分明，合乎表式、段落等意义连贯，层次分明，合乎表达逻辑。达逻辑。（三）发表富有发散性、创造性思维（三）发表富有发散性、创造性思维的观点并予以归纳的观点并予以归纳。如何做到行文连贯与结构紧凑如何做到行文连贯与结构紧凑 学校里一些同学互相攀比，追求时髦和高学校里一些同学互相攀比，追求时髦和高档消费。请你根据下表中所提供的信息，档消费。请你根据下表中所提供的信息，写一篇题为写一篇题为“My Attitude to Pursuit of My Attitude to Pursuit of Fashion in SchoolFashion in School”的英文演

30、讲稿。的英文演讲稿。现象：仿明星发型；穿名牌衣服、名牌鞋现象：仿明星发型；穿名牌衣服、名牌鞋子；使用高档手机。子；使用高档手机。原因：追求美；爱面子；感觉很酷；原因：追求美；爱面子；感觉很酷；你的看法：（请考生自己拟定内容，列举你的看法：（请考生自己拟定内容，列举两至三点。）两至三点。）Good afternoon,everyone!The topic of my speech today is“My Attitude to Pursuit of Fashion in School”.Now in our school there is a hot pursuit of fashion.Som

31、e students live a very expensive life.They have the same hairstyles as their favorable stars and wear top brand of clothes and shoes.Some use expensive mobile phones.The reasons why they do so are as follows.Firstly,they hope to look smart and special.Secondly,they want to win others admiration and

32、respect.In addition,it makes them feel cool.As far as I am concerned,we students should hold the right sense of values.We should practice thrift in our daily life because it is one of our Chinese traditional virtues.Whats more,it is advisable for us to donate some pocket money to the Hope Project so that those poor children in rural areas can return to school to receive normal education.Last but not the least,it is the inner beauty rather than our appearance that makes us respectable.Thank you for listening!