直接-间接.ppt

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1、直接引语与间接引语直接引语与间接引语（Direct Speech and Indirect Speech）1.定义：A.直接引述别人的话，叫直接引述别人的话，叫“直接引语直接引语”。B.用自己的话转述别人的话用自己的话转述别人的话，叫“间接引语间接引语”。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。2.例如：约翰说：约翰说：“我喜欢看故事书。我喜欢看故事书。”（直接引语）John said，“I like reading story books.”约翰说他喜欢看故事书。约翰说他喜欢看故事书。（间接引语）John said that he liked readi

2、ng story books。一一.陈述句陈述句（Statements）直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导。从句的人、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。1）人称的变化 他说：“我我非常喜欢它。”他说他他非常喜欢它。2）时态的变化 如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应的变化。如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。He said，“I like it very much.”He said that he liked it very much.时态的变化时态的变化时态变化时态变化列列 句句直接引语直接引语

3、间接引语间接引语一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时He said，“Im afraid I cant finish the work.”He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish the work.现在进行时现在进行时-过去进行时过去进行时He said，“Im using the knife.”He said that he was using the knife.一般将来时一般将来时-过去将来时过去将来时She said，“Ill do it after class.”She said that she would do it afte

4、r class.注意注意：（1）直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态 不变。如：He said,“Light travels much faster than sound.”He said that light travels much faster than sound.“A friend in need is a friend indeed,”Mother said to me.Mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(2)如果在当地转述，here不必改为there，动词come 不必改为go。如果在当天转述，

5、yesterdaytomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。2.2.疑问句疑问句直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序改为陈述语序。句末用句号，主语的人称、时态和状语等也要作相应地变化。1）一般疑问句：直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if引导。没有间接宾语的，可以家一个间接宾语（me，him，her，us ect）。（1）He said，“are you interested in English？”He asked me if I was interested in English.（2）He said，“Did you see him last

6、night？”He asked me whether I had seen him the night before。2）特殊疑问句：直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，任用原来的疑问词引导。“What can I do for you？”he asked me.He asked me what he could do for me.3.3.祈使句祈使句当祈使句的直接引语变为间接引语时，因为祈使句表当祈使句的直接引语变为间接引语时，因为祈使句表示示“请求请求”、“命令命令”等口气，所以祈使句直接引语等口气，所以祈使句直接引语变为间接引语时变为间接引语时不存在时态的变化不存在时态的变化。但

7、是。但是人称、指示人称、指示代词、时间、地点状语代词、时间、地点状语等的变化还应根据陈述句直接等的变化还应根据陈述句直接引语变间接引语的方法进行引语变间接引语的方法进行相应的改变相应的改变。“Go and wash your face,Tom,”Mother said.Mother told Tom to go and wash his face.否定句：在动词不定式之前加否定句：在动词不定式之前加not。“Dont be so confident，Bob，”said Miss West Miss West told Bob not to be so confident当我们转述祈使句时，通常

8、将原句中的动词变为动词不当我们转述祈使句时，通常将原句中的动词变为动词不定式，并在不定式的前面加上定式，并在不定式的前面加上ask,order,tell等转述动等转述动词，形成三种结构词，形成三种结构:表示表示邀请、请求邀请、请求某人做某事时用某人做某事时用ask sb.to do sth.;表示表示叫、吩咐叫、吩咐某人做某事时用某人做某事时用tell sb.to do sth.;表示表示命令命令某人做某事时用某人做某事时用order sb.(not)to do sth.E.g.She said to us,“Please have a rest.”She asked us to have a

9、 rest.The old man said,“Dont smoke in the hall.”The old man told me not to smoke in the hall.The officer said,“Go away.”The officer ordered us to go away.l一般过去时和现在完成时一般过去时和现在完成时l1.一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用,上下文时间明确时，也可省略时间状语。上下文时间明确时，也可省略时间状语。l She was poor in the past.lWhen he was 65,he

10、 decided that he didnt want to stop.lOne day I met John.He was with his girlfriend.l2.现在完成时不能与具体的过去时间状语连用。现在完成时不能与具体的过去时间状语连用。l (1)无时间状语：无时间状语：They have been all over the world to get new ideas.l (2)和和since,for引起的时间状语连用：引起的时间状语连用：lShe has taught English for ten years.lHe hasnt been bored since he bo

11、ught the factory.l (3)already,before,yet,recently,lately,ever,never：lI havent told you this before.lHas Mary found her keys yet?l (4)和包括现在在内的时间状语如和包括现在在内的时间状语如now,just,today,this month,always,in the past few days等连用：等连用：lIve found it now.lHes finished his homework today.lTheyve made great progress in the past few years.