考研英语写作要求与评分细则.doc

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1、考研英语写作要求与评分细则1大纲对写作的评价目标(全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲(非英语考生)在考试说明部分要求考生掌握的写作技能：考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，以及一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章。写作时，考生应能：1)做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；2)遵循文章的特定文体格式；3)合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯；4)根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语域。2考研写作考试内容A节：题型有两种，每次考试选择其中的一种形式。1)考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。

2、2)要求考生根据所提供的汉语文章，用英语写出一篇80100词的文章摘要。考生在答题卡2上作答。共10分。B节：考生根据提示信息写出一篇160-200词的短文(标点符号不计算在内)。提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。考生在答题卡2上作答、共20分。3考研写作评分标准(一)评分原则和方法1一般评分标准适用于A、B两节。但根据两节不同的考查要点，评分时会有不同的侧重点。A节本部分的评分重点在于信息表达的全面、准确、适当。主要包括信息点的覆盖是否全面，语篇结构和格式是否正确，语言表达是否准确，语域是否恰当等方面。对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据试题的具体情况做出相应规定。B节作文

3、的评分重点在于内容的完整性、文章的组织连贯性、语法结构和词汇的多样性及语言的准确性。2评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来给分。评分人员在档内有1-3分的调节分。3A节作文的字数要求是应用文100词左右或摘要80-100词。B节作文的字数要求是160-200词。文章长度不符合要求的，酌情扣分。4拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。5如书写较差，以致影响读者理解，将分数降低一个档次。(二)一般评分标准第五档A节(9-10分)B节(1720分)很好地完成了试题规定的任务。包含所有内容要点；使用丰富的

4、语法结构和词汇；语言自然流畅，语法错误极少；有效地采用了多种衔接手法，文字连贯，层次清晰；格式和语域恰当贴切。对目标读者完全产生了预期的效果。第四档 A节(7-8分)B节(13-16分)较好地完成了试题规定的任务。包含所有内容要点，允许漏掉一两个次重点；使用较丰富的语法结构和词汇；语言基本准确，只有在试图使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇时才有个别错误；采用了适当的衔接手法，层次清晰，组织较严密，格式和语域较恰当。对目标读者产生了预期的效果。第三档 A节(5-6分)B节(9-12分)基本完成了试题规定的任务。虽漏掉一些内容，但包含多数内容要点，应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的需求；有一些语法及词汇错误

5、，但不影响理解；采用了简单的衔接手法，内容较连贯，层次较清晰，格式和语域基本合理。对目标读者基本完全产生了预期的效果。第二档A节(3-4分)B节(5-8分)未能按要求完成试题规定的任务。漏掉或未能有效阐述一些内容要点，写了一些无关内容，语法结构单调、词汇项目有限；有较多语法结构及词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解，未采用恰当的衔接手法，内容缺少连贯性，格式和语域不恰当。未能清楚地传达信息给读者。第一档 A节(1-2分)B节(1-4分)未完成试题规定的任务。明显遗漏主要内容，且有许多不相关的内容；语法项目和词汇的使用单调、重复；语言错误多，有碍读者对内容的理解，语言运用能力差；未采用任何衔接

6、手法，内容不连贯，缺少组织、分段；无格式和语域概念。未能传达信息给读者。零档 (0分)所传达的信息或所使用语言太少，无法评价；内容与要求无关或无法辨认。写作A节题型分类1书信类应用文2009大纲样题：Directions:You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:1) detailed information about the books you w

7、ant, 2) methods of payment, 3) time and way of delivery. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Sample letter:Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing for information about te

8、st preparation materials for the IELTS test. I wonder if you have a vocabulary book covering the words required for IELTS, as well as past examination papers with keys and model essays. Besides, how should I pay for these books- by cash, cheque, or any other means? If possible, I would like to use m

9、y credit card. Finally, how will these books be shipped and when is the approximate time I can receive them? The express mail is preferable if the additional charge is not too much. I would appreciate it if you would send me a reply at your earliest convenience. Yours sincerely,Li Ming步骤一：阅读并分析题目1)信

10、息点和内容Explaining a situation Requesting information 2)语言Vocabulary Sentence structure 3)格式和语域(对比：便笺、备忘录)Format: salutation, body, complimentary close, name of sender Register: informal or formal?步骤二：开始写作写称呼语：Dear Sir/Madam.To whom it may concern.Dear Mr. Bush.Dear Gworge 表明写作目的：I am writing for/about

11、/concerning.I am writing to.I am writing because.提供，询问信息： I wonder if.Would it be possible for you to.I would like to.要求采取行动：I would appreciate it if you could.I should be grateful if you could.Could you please.Would you mind.结束语：Thank you for your attention/kindness.I look forward to seeing you/you

12、r reply签名：Yours sincerely.Yours faithfully.Best wishes.Lots of love 步骤三：检查检查内容检查语言检查卷面书信写作语言点语法点一般过去时Im sorry, I was late for the class this morning. I really enjoyed your dinner last week. 现在完成时I have been studying English for 10 years. The oven has been broken for over a week. 一般现在时My class starts

13、 at 8:30. They have parties every night. 请求Would it be possible for me to borrow your notes?Could you send me information about the trip?提问Do you know where the books can be found?What clothes should I bring?When does the course start?原因和结果I cant go because it is too expensive. It is too expensive s

14、o I cant go. 对比He studied very hard but he failed in the exam. He was always late. However, he got the best test result. 词汇不太正式与较为正式：She gets good money She receives a good salary. People are worried about the environment The environment is a major issue. Im not really sure, but.It is possible.Peopl

15、e say. It is often said.2005Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs &Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an ap

16、ology. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)高分作文Dear Mr. Wang, I am much grateful to be employed by you two months ago as an editor fo

17、r your magazine Designs & Fashions. I appreciate the opportunity of having worked here with you and other colleagues. The experiences will be unforgettable throughout my life. However, as a young man whose primary interest is in computer science rather than fashion designing, I find my present job d

18、oesnt fall in with my previous training and strength. I therefore decide to quit this job for something else that may conform to my former preparation. Please accept my sincere apologies for any inconveniences my leaving may occur. Yours truly, Li Ming 2006Directions:You want to contribute to Projec

19、t Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on

20、 ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)高分作文Dear Sir or Madam, Moved by the noble cause of Project Hope and encouraged by what has been achieved so far, I would like to contribute my bit to the project by offering

21、 financial aid to a child in a remote area of your province. I would be much grateful if you could help me seek out a girl who has just started schooling but whose family cannot afford her education. My plan is to pay for her tuition on an annual basis till she finishes her secondary education. I wo

22、uld like to remit my donation directly to a bank account opened by her family in her local area. Yours truly, Li Ming 2007Directions:Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at t

23、he end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)高分作文Dear Sir/Madam, I am a student in this university who regularly come to the library to spend my spare time. Generally speaking, the services you offer here is quite good; however, I have some suggestions for you to a

24、dopt. And I would like to extend my greatest appreciation if you are so kind as to take my suggestions into consideration. To begin with, will you please prolong the time for reading? In the daytime, most of the students are having class, so they cant come to the library. Moreover, some of the books

25、 on shelves are out of date. If you are so kind as to provide us. some books such as the latest magazines, we will be greatly honored. I really wish to have a more comfortable library. Thank you for your time and consideration. Sincerely yours, Li Ming 2008Directions:You have just come back from Can

26、ada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to 1) make an apology, and 2) suggest a solution You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead. Do not writ

27、e the address. 高分作文Dear Bob, I am writing to make an apology to you for I forgot to return a music CD which I borrowed from you last week. Yesterday I have come back from Canada and I found it in my luggage. I am so sorry that you cannot listen to it at present. The CD which I borrowed from you is m

28、ade in Canada, so I believe you can find another one in your local store. How about your buying another CD by yourself and I will pay for it? If you cannot find the similar one, I would send it back to you by post. And if there are any other solutions you like, please let me know. I am sorry again f

29、or my carelessness. Looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 2009Directions:Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. White Pollution is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to 1) give your opinions briefly,

30、 and 2) make two or three suggestions. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address. 各档次分数段例文(1)To whom it may concern, As a student of a university, I want to take this opportunity to express some poi

31、nts about White Pollution. There is no denying that plastic is destroy our environment is we use it excessively. So the government take some means to deal with it. Restrict to use the plastic bags in whole country. But it didnt get successful as we predict. The White Pollution is still around our en

32、vironment in some regions. Takes measures is needed. I want to take some recommends. First and formost, more strength restriction is needed by pollution education. Second, media should spread more information concern. Only in this way can we curb the statement. Im looking forward your reply. Yours s

33、incerely, Li Ming (2)I am very sorry to trouble with you. But this is a problem annoying with me. It is White Pollution. With the economic growth widely, white pollution become more and more serious. It is harmonious between the men and nature. White pollution destroy some special. More and more sim

34、ilar issue can be read today in newspaper as well as in magazine. The problem can be solved in some ways. First, attitude is everything. We must make people aware of this issue. Second, we must change with ourself. Its essential that we address our problem before looking to others change. Finally, t

35、he acts of pollution must be punishment. Im looking forward to your reply! Yours sincerely, Li Ming (3)Dear editor, Im a sincere reader of your newspaper and I like your discussion of the social problems. Now I would like to give some opinions of myself about the White Pollution. As we know, regulat

36、ion was made to solve the problem in June 1st of 2008. The use of plastic bags was restricted in the supermarket and many other shops freely. At the beginning, it was carried on well, but now I found plastic bags were used in some small shops for free or with no pay. I am writing to inform you that

37、we should solve this problem soon with the help of your newspaper. You could make some investigators about it and write some reports of it, so as to appeal to all the peoples attention of our society. Yours sincerely,Li Ming2摘要大纲样题Directions:Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of i

38、t in 80-100 English words on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)经济全球化的主要原因20世纪50年代初以来，经济全球化获得迅猛发展。简单归纳，其原因主要包括以下几个方面：全球化的技术基础。科技进步为全球化快速发展提供了物质基础和技术手段。科技革命是经济全球化发展的最根本的物质基础和动力，历史上历次科技革命都促进了社会生产力的飞跃发展，同时也促进了整个世界的融合。20世纪50年代以电子技术和信息技术等为主要标志的新的科技革命的兴起，使科技日益成为社会生产力发展的先导，成为影响生产力发展的至关重要的因素。科技知识在社会生产的各个领域中得到广泛传播和运用

39、，劳动者的智能和技能得到进一步的开发，创造出越来越多的物质和精神财富，极大地促进了世界生产力的发展，生产社会化程度日益提高，国际分工日益深化，各国经济以此为基础紧密相联，世界经济进入一个全新的繁荣时期。同时，新科技革命使得科技成果积累的速度大大加快，新材料、新产品不断涌现，大量高技术产业不断产生，在世界范围内促进了产业结构的调整和转移，新的产业布局开始形成，以信息技术和产业为主导，以高新技术为基础的新兴产业部门也蓬勃兴起并迅速发展，快速取代了传统产业而逐渐成为经济的主导部门推进的重要动力源。全球化的经济基础。市场经济体制的强势地位不断增强，跨国公司的突飞发展，国际经济组织的不断完善为经济全球化

40、奠定了坚实的经济基础。首先，市场经济体制成为世界各国发展经济的首选。20世纪80年代末至90年代初，世界形势发生了重大变化，东欧剧变，苏联解体，40多年的冷战格局最终结束。冷战结束后，国际形势总体上走向缓和。各国纷纷把发展经济列为首要目标，普遍扩大了对外开放，和平与发展成为当今时代的两大主题。前苏联和东欧国家先后走上了向市场经济过渡的轨道，改行自由市场经济，并积极致力于融入西方经济体系。中国在长期的实践中，也逐渐认识到计划经济的不足和弊端，自1978年起开始实行以市场为导向的、全面的经济改革，大力推行对外开放，努力实现同世界经济的接轨，目前已成为世界经济的重要组成部分。这一切都说明，市场经济体

41、制已成为不同制度、不同发展层次国家的共同选择，市场经济已基本实现了全球化，经济全球化是以市场为基础的，没有市场经济就没有生产要素在国际间的自由流动，就谈不上经济全球化。其次，力量不断壮大的跨国公司成为经济全球化的中坚力量。跨国公司是以本国作为基地，通过对外直接投资，在世界各地设立分支机构和子公司，从事国际化生产和经营的企业。跨国公司凭借其雄厚的经济实力和灵活的经营战略，以全球为工厂，以它所在的各个国家为车间，在全球范围内充分利用各地的优势组织生产和流通，通过自己广泛的经营活动，实现了商品和资本等生产要素在全球范围内的整合，促进了生产在国家间的水平分工和垂直分工，使之密切联系在一起，从而为经济全

42、球化的发展打下了坚实的微观基础，并成为经济全球化的主要推动力量和主要载体。最后，国际经济组织是经济全球化发展的组织保障。二战结束以后，生产力的不断提高，生产力的国际化使得越来越多的商品、资本、劳动进入国际交流。各国的国际分工和相互依赖性不断增强。这种日益增强的经济联系要求突破原有的国家间的障碍，实现全球范围内的更高层次的经济合作，这就要求有超脱于国家之外的国际经济组织发挥重要作用。战后，国际经济作用日益明显，国际经济协作不断加强。在当今国际经济关系中，世行、世贸组织、国际货币基金组织等世界性经济组织的调节作用越来越大，而且还出现进一步增强的趋势。世贸组织(WTO)所制定的关于贸易、投资等方面的

43、制度和规则，成为规范全球经济运行，创造自由、公平竞争环境的统一制度和规则，作为世界金融领域的重要国际组织，即国际货币基金组织(IMF)和世界银行(WB)也在国际金融全球化进程中扮演了重要的角色。这些国际经济组织的成立使得国际贸易和国际金融运行有了统一的规则，对成员国的经贸活动和经济行为起着协调和规范作用。这些都为经济全球化的发展起着制度保障作用。3告示类应用文2010年真题Directions:You are supposed to write for the Postgraduates Association a notice to recruit volunteers for an int

44、ernational conference on globalization. The notice should include the basic qualifications for applicants and other information which you think is relevant. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use Postgraduates Association instead.

45、(10 points)考研英语写作常见问题及对策1无话可说，难以下笔。这主要是由于考生平时很少看文章，很少构思所导致。事实上，考研英语写作一般考的是人们普遍关注的社会性话题，既不出偏题怪题，也极少出现过于复杂的热门话题。要做到考试的时候写作不愁内容，一方面在于平时的积累，另一方面在于正确的构思。首先，考生不能临时抱佛脚，寄希望于背几篇范文照抄，而是应该多看报纸杂志，扩大知识面，关注普遍性的社会话题。如果看的是中文的，主要应该从内容方面了解，如果看的是英文的，还可以同时积累一些常用表达。其次，要做到有话可说，还应该掌握一些基本的构思方法。比如，考生可以用归纳法(induction)构思，然后以演

46、绎法(deduction)写作。2有话可说，但不对路。有的考生不愁没话说，甚至洋洋洒洒，但没有说到点子上，导致严重跑题。考研英语写作属于非开放性话题(controlled writing)，不是可以随意创作的。考生应该严格按照题目要求进行。考生的作文应该是对于题目的合理回应(response to the task requirement)。因此，在写作的时候，考生要注意仔细审题。审题可能涉及到题目、提纲、图画图表及文字说明等几个方面。对于题目中的解释性文字和图画图表要仔细理解斟酌。在平时练习的时候，考生可以采取用历年真题来练笔。自己先写一遍，然后看看高分作文是怎么写的，分析琢磨好的作文，进行模仿和学习。考生要避免东拉西扯加上与题目无关的内容。3文章安排，极不合理。考生文章条理方面的缺乏往往是因为没有紧扣题目要求(directions)所造成。现行考研英语作文一般