英语应用文写作英文版questionnaire.ppt

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1、QuestionnaireQuestionnaire本素材 由hi-hoo提供Questionnaire Designn1.Introductionn2.Questionnaire Design1.Introductionn1.1Definitionn1.2LengthofaQuestionnaire1.1DefinitionnAquestionnaireisasetofquestionsdesignedtocollectinformationfromarespondent.1.2LengthofaQuestionnaireShorterisnotalwaysbetter.Thelengtho

2、fyourquestionnaireshouldbebasedontheminimumamountrequiredtosufficientlycoverthenecessarytopic.Generallyspeaking,longquestionnairegetlessresponsethanshortquestionnaire2.1Draftquestionnaire:formatTitleTitleSubtitleSubtitleDirectionsDirectionsQuestionsQuestionsClosing Closing GreetingsGreetingsLength o

3、f QuestionnaireLength of Questionnaire2.1Draftquestionnairen2.1.2Titlen2.1.2Directionn2.1.3Questionn2.1.4ClosingGreetings2.1.1TitlenA questionnaire with a title is generallyperceived to be more credible than onewithout.nAtitleshouldbeshortandmeaningfultotherespondent.2.1.2Direction-rolenRole:(1)A me

4、ta-analysis revealed an increase inresponse rate of 7.7percent.to buildexpectationandreducesthepossibilitythatapotential respondent might disregard thesurveywhenitarrives.(2)tohelptoestablishthelegitimacy(合法，合理，正当)ofasurvey,therebycontributingtoarespondentstrust.2.1.2Direction-requirementnWhy1:Brief

5、lydescribewhythestudyisbeingdoneandidentify the sponsors.This is impressive and lendscredibilitytothestudy.nWhy2:Explainwhythepersonwaschosentoreceivethequestionnaire.nWhy3:Justifywhytherespondentshouldcompletethequestionnaire.The justification must be something thatwillbenefittherespondent.nHow:Exp

6、lainhowtheresultswillbeused.2.1.2Direction-examplenExample1nThefollowingquestionnaireisdesignedforinvestigatingtheneedsofinternationalstudentslearningChineseinChina.Why1+Why2Why1+Why2nExample2nThequestionsinthesixsectionshavebeencarefullyselectedtocovertheimportantaspectsoftheneedsofforeignlanguagel

7、earning.Allthedatacollectedwillbehighlyconfidentialandwillbeusedforthecoursedesignonly.Why3+HowWhy3+How2.1.3Questionn(1)Introductionn(2)wordingn(3)goodquestionsn(4)order(1)IntroductionnA:resourcenB:typenC:DimensionA:resourcenAthoroughliteraturesearch(文献研究)isausefulfirststepofquestionnairedesigningan

8、dinfactofanysurvey,as it gives an idea of the work already done and theinformationavailableinthesphereofinterest.nByreferringtotheliterature,asmanyitemsaspossibleconcerning the topic studied could be collected.A usedquestionwouldbeokifpossible,foritmighthavebeenmodifiedandevaluated.B:type-1na.open-e

9、ndednb.multiple-choicenc.ratings or rankingsnd.Likert-scalea.open-endedNumerical open-ended:Numerical open-ended:6.6.The The time time spent spent on on Chinese Chinese training training(accumulative):_(accumulative):_Text open-ended:Text open-ended:10.How can you improve your reading skills?10.How

10、can you improve your reading skills?_2)Anything else you would like to comment about?2)Anything else you would like to comment about?_b.multiple-choicec.ratingsorrankings评定等级/排行d.Likert-scale李克特量表B:type-2nSequenceinventory详细目录(ratingorrankings+likert-scale)nCategoryInventory(multiple-choice)C:Dimens

11、ionnGenerally,a question can be asked along two dimensions:positive and negative(1)wording-1措词nQuestion wording is a crucial element in maximizing thevalidityandreliabilityofsurveydataobtainedbyaquestion-asking processsince small changesin questionwording cancauselargedifferencesinresponses.nEvidenc

12、e from experimental studies also support the notionthatquestionwordingcanhaveanimportantimpactonthenature and quality of responses.Questions must beunambiguous.n nTheThebasicbasicprincipleprincipleisissimplesimplesimplesimple-totouseusewordswordsthatthateveryoneeveryoneininthethesurveysurveypopulati

13、onpopulationwillwillunderstandunderstandandandthatthathavehaveonlyonlythethemeaningthattheresearcherintends.meaningthattheresearcherintends.(2)wording-2nAvoid emotionally loaded or vaguely defined words.Forexample,quantifyingadjectives(e.g.most,least,majority)arefrequentlyusedinquestions.Itisimporta

14、nttounderstandthattheseadjectivesmeandifferentthingstodifferentpeople.nAvoid unfamiliar words or abbreviations.Remember whoyouraudienceisandwriteyourquestionnaireforthem.Donotuse uncommon words or compound sentences.Write shortsentences.Abbreviationsareokayifyouareabsolutelycertainthateverysingleres

15、pondentwillunderstandtheirmeanings.Ifthereisanydoubtatall,donotusetheabbreviation.(2)wording-3nSomegeneralrulescanbestatedonquestionwording:nBeconciseandunambiguousnAvoiddoublequestionsnAvoidquestionsinvolvingnegativesnAskforpreciseanswersnAvoidleadingquestions诱导性询问(2)wording-4nForsocially desirable

16、behavior,itisbettertoaskwhetherrespondentshaveeverengagedinthebehaviorbeforeaskingwhethertheycurrentlyengageinthebehaviornForsocially undesirablebehavior,itisbettertoaskaboutcurrent behavior first,rather than ask about their usual ortypicalbehavior(2)goodquestionsnA.Non-threateningnB.OneaspectnC.Acc

17、ommodatingallpossibleanswersnD.MutuallyexclusiveoptionsnE.NoLeadingquestionnF.NobranchingnG.MoreclosedquestionsA.Non-threateningQuestionsmustbenon-threatening.Whenarespondentis concerned about the consequences of answering aquestion in a particular manner,there is a goodpossibility that the answer w

18、ill not be truthful.Anonymous questionnaires that contain no identifyinginformationaremorelikelytoproducehonestresponsesthanthoseidentifyingtherespondent.Ifyourquestionnaire does contain sensitive items,be sure toclearlystateyourpolicyonconfidentiality.B.OneAspectnAsksforananswerononlyoneaspect.Thep

19、urposeofasurveyistofindoutinformation.Aquestionthatasksforaresponse on more than one aspect will not provide theinformationyouareseeking.nForexample,aresearcherinvestigatinganewbookasksDoyoulikethetextandexerciseofthebook?“nIfarespondentanswersno,thentheresearcherwillnotknowiftherespondentdislikesth

20、etextortheexercise,or both.A good question asks for only one bit ofinformation.C.Accommodatingallpossibleanswers(1)nMultiplechoiceitemsarethemostpopulartypeofsurveyquestionsbecausetheyaregenerallytheeasiestforarespondenttoanswerandtheeasiesttoanalyze.Asking a question that does not accommodate allpo

21、ssible responses can confuse and frustrate therespondent.C.Accommodatingallpossibleanswers(2)In training reading skills,the most difficult problem is:nA)limitedvocabularynB)speednC)grammarnD)culturalbackgroundnE)togetmainideasnF)others:_n Forthisitem,A,B,C,DandEarefixedchoices,andtokeepanypossiblein

22、formationfrommissing,“F)others_”isaddedherefortherespondentstofillin.D.Mutually exclusive choicesn A good question leaves no ambiguity in the mind of the respondent.There should be only one correct or appropriate choice for the respondent to make.An obvious example is:nWhere did you grow up?_n A.cou

23、ntryn B.farmn C.city A person who grew up on a farm in the country would not know whether to select choice A or B.This question would not provide meaningful information.Worse than that,it could frustrate the respondent and the questionnaire might find its way to the trash.E.NoLeadingquestionnNottole

24、adtherespondentintogivingtheanswerwewouldliketoreceive.Leadingquestionsareusuallyeasilyspottedbecausetheyusenegativephraseology.Asanexample:nWouldnt you like to live on campus?F.No branchingn Branching in written questionnaires should be avoided.While branching can be used as an effective probing te

25、chnique in telephone and face-to-face interviews,it should not be used in written questionnaires because it sometimes confuses respondents.An example of branching is:nAre you living on campus?(Yes or No)If no,go to question 3.nFilter QuestionsG.More closed questionsClosed questions are usually betternEasier for the respondentnLess coding laternBetter to have respondent do categorizingnCategories help define the questionTHANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!本素材 由hi-hoo提供