系统解剖学绪论骨学.ppt

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1、Aihua PanDept.of Anatomy&Neurobiology,Xiangya School of Medicine,CSUEmail:QQ：1102975195系统解剖学系统解剖学Introduction of Human Anatomy&OsteologyAesculapiusWHOHygeiaOUTLINEIntroduction of Human Anatomy I.What is Human AnatomyII.The classification of human anatomyIII.The basic component of the human bodyIV.Ai

2、ms of the studyV.How to studyVI.Anatomical termsOsteologyI.General Description of OsteologyI.General Description of OsteologyII.The structure of bonesII.The structure of bonesIII.Chemical compositionIII.Chemical compositionIV.Development of the bonesIV.Development of the bonesV.Functions of the bone

3、sV.Functions of the bonesIntroduction of Human Anatomy I.What is human anatomyHuman anatomy is the science which deals with the morphology and special interrelations of the structure of the human body.AtomsMoleculeSmooth muscle cellStomachDigestive systemHuman bodyChemistryCell biologyHistologyHuman

4、 anatomyChemical levelCellular levelTissue levelOrgan levelSystem levelOrganismal levelSmooth muscle tissueBiochemistryII.The basic component of the human bodyIII.The classification of human anatomySystematic AnatomyRegional AnatomySectional AnatomyDigital AnatomyFunctional AnatomyHistologyCytologyE

5、mbryology Macro-anatomyMicro-anatomy Locomotor Alimentary Respiratory Urinary Genital Circulatory Endocrine Sensory Nervous1.Systematic anatomy2.Regional anatomy Head and Neck Thorax Abdomen Pelvis Perineum LimbsBack and vertebral region3.Sectional anatomyAnatomy CT MRI 4.Digital anatomy中国男、女虚拟人（虚拟人

6、中国男、女虚拟人（虚拟人中国男、女虚拟人（虚拟人中国男、女虚拟人（虚拟人，号号号号 ）5.Functional anatomy6.Histology7.Cytology8.Embryology千奇百怪的人体畸形千奇百怪的人体畸形千奇百怪的人体畸形千奇百怪的人体畸形OutlineIV.Aims of the studyTo understand the normal morphological structure,position and adjacency,growth and development pattern of human organs and systems,providing

7、basic knowledge on learning pre-clinic and clinical medicine courses.解剖学的地位l恩格斯恩格斯:“没有解剖学就没有医学没有解剖学就没有医学”l讨论：有人：有人说中医无解剖，照此中医无解剖，照此推推论，中医，中医难道就不是医学？道就不是医学？孔子曰：“未知生，焉知死”。只有实现生命价值的人，才能真正懂得死亡的意义。相对其他自然科学以客观为对象，医学则是研究人类自身的学问。生命现象的认识过程是循序渐进的，由整体到部分；由宏观到微观；由个体到群体；由现象到本质。医学教育的过程是“不知死，焉知生”。解剖学教学对于每个医学生而言，是窥

8、探并正式进入医学圣殿的第一步。V.How to studyHuman anatomy is a practical science.We should attach great importance to the practice,as well as clinical correlation.Uppsala University(1477)SwedenThe Anatomy Lesson of Dr.Nicolaes Tulp），），画家画家伦勃朗（16061669）VI.Anatomical terms1.Anatomical PositionErect positionFacePalms

9、Toesforward内Internal外External浅 superficial深profound12341.A.Superior B.Inferior C.Distal2.A.Anterior B.Superior C.Proximal 3.A.Medial B.Inferior C.Ventral4.A.Superior B.Inferior C.Left Choices1.A.Superior B.Inferior C.Head2.A.Inferior B.Lateral C.Radial3.A.Internal B.Superior C.Medial4.A.Superior B.I

10、nferior C.Right5.A.Anterior B.Proximal C.Inferior12453 Choices3.Axis and planes Axis Planes SagittalCoronalHorizontalVerticalSagittalCoronalDorsal-Cranial cavity-Ventral canalVentral-Thoracic cavity-Abdominal cavityBody CavitiesLocomotor system bonearticulationmuscleleveragepivot of movement power p

11、rovider重点重点effort支点支点支点支点重点重点力点力点resistancefulcrumeffortresistancefulcrumOsteologyI.General Description of OsteologyAxial skeletonAppendicular skeleton1.Bone is an organ Proper shapeCharacteristic functionsOwn blood and nerve supplyMetabolism and plasticity 2.The shape and classification Long bones:

12、A shaft;A cavity and two extremitiesShort bones:A cuboidFlat bones:Two layers of compact bone with spongyIrregular bones II.The structure of bones1.Bony SubstanceCompact:resisting stresses and bendingSpongy:arranged in line of the pressure and tensionCompact boneSpongy boneperiosteumMedullary cavity

13、2.Periosteum Outer:Inner:PeriosteumEndosteumOsteoblastOsteoclastFibrous3.Bone marrowRed Bone Marrow:Produce blood cellsRed Bone Marrow:Produce blood cellsYellow Bone Marrow:Fat cellsYellow Bone Marrow:Fat cellsIII.Chemical composition of bonesOrganic componentsProtein collagenProtein polysaccharides

14、Inorganic components:Calcium phosphateProportion of I/O is increased with agingProportion of I/O is increased with agingJellyfish Coral frangible softgreenstick fracturecomminuted fracturelinear fractureRelationship between fracture type and ageIV.Development of the bones 1.Intramembranous ossificat

15、ionAnterior fontanellePosterior fontanellecoronal suture sagittal suture lambdoid suture neonatal cranial view of the aboveadult cranial view of the aboveCartilage modelBone collarPrimary ossification centerPrimary medullary cavitySecondary ossification centerEpiphysial plateQuestions:1.How to incre

16、ase the length and diameter?2.What are the shaft,epiphysis,and epiphy-sial line?2.Endochonndral ossification7 years old12 years old22 years oldRegulation of growth hormone on bone developmentgrowth homoneboneanterior pituitaryhyposecretion hypersecretionmicroplasiagigantism V.Functions of the bones Supporting of the body Levers for muscles Protection of organs Produce blood cells Storehouse of calcium 推荐影视作品1.韩剧：医龙-Team Medical Dragon-有需要的时候能够迅速聚集在一起的这才是团队。2.美剧：实习医生格蕾 豪斯医生3.TVB：法证先锋 鉴证实录 洗冤录 等目的：感性认识：医疗技术、设备，医院操作 理性认识：培养学生如何思考，如何分析、如何解决问题的能力。