时态与语态.ppt

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1、时态与语态1.一般现在时一般现在时2.一般过去时一般过去时3.一般将来时一般将来时5.现在进行时现在进行时6.过去进行时过去进行时7.现在完成时现在完成时8.过去完成时过去完成时4.过去将来时过去将来时表格：被动态基本结构时态时态一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时am/is/aredonewas/weredoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdonewill/shallbedonewouldbedonehave/hasbeendoneha

2、dbeendonedodoesdidamisaredoingwasweredoingwillshalldowoulddohavehasdonehaddone主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态注：情态动词(can,may,must,should)+do情态动词+bedone1.与一般现在时连用的时间状语：everyday,everytwoyears,onceaweek,always,nowandthen,occasionally,often,never,seldom,sometimes,usuallyetc.2.与一般过去时连用的时间状语：yesterday,in1960,inthe1960s,t

3、woyearsago,lastmonth,inthepast,theotherday,etc.3.与一般将来时连用的时间状语：thisevening,tomorrow,nextweek,inafewminutes,attheendofthisterm.3.现在完成时现在完成时常用的时间状语：常用的时间状语：already,just,yet,recently,lately,never,ever,twice,for+一段时间，一段时间，sofar,bynow,uptonow,(ever)since,sincethen,sincelastyear1990,inthepastlastfewyears等

4、。等。表示已发生或完成的动作或状态，表示已发生或完成的动作或状态，强调其结果对现在产生了影响强调其结果对现在产生了影响4.过去完成时过去完成时表示在过去某一时间和某一动作之前已完表示在过去某一时间和某一动作之前已完成的动作或所处的状态。成的动作或所处的状态。常用的时间状语：常用的时间状语：by,bytheendof,bythetime,before等后接表示过去某一时间的短语和从句。等后接表示过去某一时间的短语和从句。Bythetimewereachedthegarden,theplacehadbeeninchaos.BytheendoflastmonthhehadworkedinShangh

5、aifortwentyyears.一般现在时的特殊用法一般现在时的特殊用法1.表示客观事实，或普遍真理。表示客观事实，或普遍真理。eg.Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.eg.Practicemakesperfect.2.在以在以when,till/until,as soon as,by the time,after,before等引等引导导的的时间时间状状语语从句，在以从句，在以if,unless,once等引等引导导的条件状的条件状语语从句和以从句和以no matter,however,even if 等等词词引引导导的的让让步

6、状步状语语从句中，从句中，如果主句用一般将来时，从句中通常用一般现在时。3.表示按时刻表计划或安排好的动作。表示按时刻表计划或安排好的动作。Hurryup!Flight4026_(take)offat18:20.takes一般将来时常见结构一般将来时常见结构v结构一结构一：will/shall+do（常与nextweek,intwodays等连用;或表示说话时的临时决定）v结构二：begoingtodo(强调计划性或客观性)v结构三：betodo(表示职责命令,相当于should/must;或表示“注定”)v结构四：beabouttodowhenv=beonthepointofdoing;表示

7、“即将,就要”)v结构五：be+coming/going/starting/leaving/etc.(马上要发生的事情)用现在完成时的特殊句型1）Itisthefirst/secondtimethat结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.这是我第一次访问这城市。Thisisthefirsttime（that）Iveheardhimsing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。注意：Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.2.Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句Itis/hasb

8、eenthreeyearssincewelastmet.1.表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示“本打算，本希望”。Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidnt.我们本希望你能来，但是你没有来。2.在Hardlyscarcelywhen.,nosoonerthan表示“一就,还未就”,前一分句用过去完成时。HardlyhadIansweredthephonewhenhehungup.NosoonerhadIarrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.

9、3.It(This)wasthefirst/secondtimethatsb.haddonesth用过去完成时的句型1.现在现在/过去完成进行时过去完成进行时2.将来完成时将来完成时3.将来进行时将来进行时have/has/hadbeendoingwillhavedonewillbedoing1.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时表示从过去某时起一直延续到现在的动作，可能刚刚表示从过去某时起一直延续到现在的动作，可能刚刚停止，也可能仍然在进行。停止，也可能仍然在进行。Whathaveyoubeendoingallthistime?Ivebeenwritinglettersallthismorning

10、.-Youlooktired,whathaveyoubeendoing?-Wehavebeenplayingfootball.Theyhavebeendrinkingteaalltheafternoon.1.I_(look)foritfordaysbeforeIfoundit.2.Thetelephone_(ring)forthreeminutesbeforeitwasanswered.3.Ionly_(wait)forthebusforawhilewhenitcame.hadbeenlookinghadbeenringinghadbeenwaiting过去完成进行时：过去完成进行时：表示将来

11、某一时间之前能完成的动作或将处的状态。表示将来某一时间之前能完成的动作或将处的状态。常用的时间状语为常用的时间状语为“by+将来的某个时间将来的某个时间”2.将来完成时将来完成时YouwillhavereachedShanghaibythistimetomorrow.明天此时，你已经到达上海了。明天此时，你已经到达上海了。Theywillhavebeenmarriedfor20yearsbythen.到那时到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。他们结婚将有二十年了。表示将来某时正在进行的动作表示将来某时正在进行的动作Dontphonemebetween8:00and10:00.Wellbehavingc

12、lassesthen.8点到点到10点之间不要给我打电话，我们那时正在上课。点之间不要给我打电话，我们那时正在上课。Shewontbehavingameetinginherofficeat8:00tomorrow.明天明天8点她不在开会。点她不在开会。3.将来进行时将来进行时Atthistimetomorrow,Illbelyingonthebeach.明天此时，我正躺在海滩上呢明天此时，我正躺在海滩上呢。一般过去时一般过去时单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作，与现单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作，与现在没关系在没关系；现在完成时现在完成时发生在过去，但强调的是过去的事情对发生在过去，但强调的是过去的事

13、情对现在的结果，影响，与现在有关。现在的结果，影响，与现在有关。一般过去时一般过去时VS现在完成时现在完成时Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调昨天看电影的事）（强调昨天看电影的事）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）的内容已经知道了）现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的结果和影响，现在完成进行时强调动作一直在进行或刚刚结束，即动作的延续性。Ihavereadthatbook.我读过那本书了。Ihavebeenreadingthatbookallthemorning.我早上一直在读那本书。现在完成时VS现在完成进行时：

14、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。常与by,before等介词短语或一个状语从句或上下文暗示。一般过去时vs过去完成时表示过去的过去表示过去的过去-|-|-|-其构成是其构成是had+过去分词。过去分词。那时以前那时以前那时那时现在现在Shesaid（that）shehadneverbeentoParis.Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.他说过他以前学过一些英语。他说过他以前学过一些英语。1)1)动词动词动词动词 (read,write,sell,was

15、h,wear,dry,.)+副副副副词词词词 (well/badly/easily/smoothly),用主用主动动式表被式表被动义动义，表示主表示主语语的属性、特征的属性、特征The pen writes smoothlyThe kind of book sells well2)2)不定式在某些形容不定式在某些形容不定式在某些形容不定式在某些形容词词词词后作状后作状后作状后作状语语语语,用主用主动动式表被式表被动义动义。(difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,comfortable)We find English hard to learnThe article

16、is difficult to understand.表示主语的表示主语的属性特征的动词属性特征的动词+副词副词well/badly/easily/smoothly,用主动式表被动用主动式表被动义义3)作作“需要需要”讲讲的的want/need/require后接后接V-ing作作宾语时宾语时，用主用主动动式表被式表被动义动义.Your jacket needs washing/to be washed4)作作“值值得得”讲讲的的worth后接后接动动名名词词，用主，用主动动式表被式表被动义动义；但但worthy 后接后接to be doneof being done。Your suggest

17、ion is worth considering.Your suggestion is worthy of beingto be considered.5)be to blame,be to rent表示表示“应应受批受批评评,责备责备”,“有有待出租待出租”用主用主动动式表被式表被动义动义。The boy is to blame for what he has doneThe house is to rent.7)不及物不及物动词动词和一些不及物和一些不及物动词动词短短语语没有被没有被动语态动语态。rise,happen,succeed,fail,appear,disappear take

18、place,break out,belong to,run out6)系系动词动词没有被没有被动语态动语态：(look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear,.)The flower smells sweet.二、用动词的正确语态填空。1.Thestudents_often_(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.2.Thatplay_(put)onagainsometimenextmonth.3.Theoldmanisill.He_(mustsend)tothehospital.4.Vegetables,eggsandfr

19、uits_(sell)inthisshop.5.What_aknife_(make)of?It_(make)ofmetalandwood.6.APianoconcert_(give)herelastFriday.7._themagazine_(cantake)outofthelibrary?8.Theroom_(clean)bymeeveryday.9.Thestars_(cansee)inthedaytime.10.Someflowers_(water)byLiMingalready.11.Thesekindsofmachines_(make)inJapan.12.Apples_(grow)

20、inthisfarm.13.Russian_(learn)asthesecondlanguagebysomestudentsinChina.14.Planes,carsandtrains_(use)bybusinesspeoplefortravelling.15.Thecinema_(build)in1985.16.Thebike_(mustnotput)here.17.Abeautifulhorse_(draw)byJohnnextday.18.Thiskindofmachine_(canmade)byuncleWang.19.Mr.Green_(open)twonewschool.20.T

21、hePLA_(found)onAugust1st,1927.21.Bythetimehewasten,theboy_(learn)EnglishandFrench.22.Howlong_youruncle_(be)inthecity?23._you_(see)thefilmyet?Yes,I_(see)itlastweek.24.UncleWang_(live)heresince198025.Listen!Someone_(sing).26.Tom_(nothave)breakfastyesterdaymorning.1.Theymakemachinesinthatfactory.2.Ever

22、ybodylikesthissong.3.Wemusttietheyoungtreetothestick.4.PeopledontgrowriceinthewestofJapan.5.Theysoldthatkindofshoesinthisshoplastweek.Machinesaremadeinthatfactorybythem.Thissongislikedbyeverybody.Theyoungtreemustbetiedtothestick.RiceisntgrowninthewestofJapanbypeople.Thatkindofshoesweresoldinthisshop

23、lastweek.把下列句子改写成被动语态：6.Theycantmendthebikeinthatshop.7.Youshouldtakegoodcareofherbaby.8.Thereporterisinterviewingthepresident.9.Ihavereadthebooktwice.10.TheyweredrawingpictureswhenIcamein.Thebikecantbemendedinthatshopbythem.Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbyyou.Thepresidentisbeinginterviewedbytherepo

24、rter.Thebookhasbeenreadtwicebyme.ThepictureswerebeingdrawnbythemwhenIcamein.WellIwondercoulditbe?WhenIwas_aboutUbaby.Uweredreamingofme.Callme_.Callmeblind.Tostillbesufferingisstupidafterallofthistime.DidI_mylove2someonebetter.AnddoessheloveUlikeIdo.Ido,UknowIreallyreallydo.Wellhey.SomuchIneed2say.Be

25、en_sincetheday.ThedayUwentaway.Sosadbut_.FormetheresonlyU.Beencryingsincetheday.ThedayUwentaway.I_date&time.Septembertwentysecond.Sundaytwentyfiveafternine.InthedoorwaywithUr_.Nolonger_ateachother.Therewere_onourfaces.Andwewerelettinggoofsomething_.Somethingwellneverhaveagain.Iknow,IguessIreallyreallyknow.Wellhey.SomuchIneed2say.Beenlonelysincetheday.ThedayUwentaway.Sosadbuttrue.FormetheresonlyU.Beencryingsincetheday.ThedayUwentaway.dreamingcrazyloselonelytruecaseshoutingspecialThedayUwentaway-M2Mremembertears