八年级下册英语第四单元知识点总结.docx

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1、八年级下册英语第四单元知识点总结八年级下册英语第四单元知识1重要词汇和句型get(1)买getsth.forsb.=getsb.sth.为某人买某物Canyougetsomefruitformewhenyougoshopping?=Canyougetmesomefruitwhenyougoshopping?(2)得到,到达Wheredidyougetthebook?Whendidyougettheletter?Hegothomelatelastnight.使,让get+宾语+宾补使某人某物怎么样Pleasegetyoucoatclean.Getyourmouthclosed.getsb.tod

2、osth.使某人某物做某事IgothimtocallJimyesterday.(逐渐)变得Theweathergetswarmeranddaysgetlonger.Whydidtheteachergetangry?howaboutwhatabout后跟名词代词动词ing形式。(1)向对方提出建议或请求Howaboutgoingoutforawalk?Howaboutsomethingtoeat(2)向对方征求意见或看法HowabouttheTVplay?Howaboutbuyingthehousenow?(3)询问天气或身体情况HowabouttheweatherinHainanIsland?

3、Howaboutyourparents?Aretheylivingwithyou?(4)谈话中承接上下文Imfortyyearsold.Howaboutyou?ImfromBeijing.Howaboutyou?receive收到Thegirlwashappytoreceivemanygiftsonherbirthday.receivealetterfrom=getaletterfrom=heardfrom收到某人的信IreceivedaletterfrommyparentslastSunday.=IgotaletterfrommyparentslastSunday.=Iheardfrommy

4、parentslastSunday.accept接受Hecouldntacceptoursuggestionsbutourgifts.Shewasverygladtoreceivetheinvitation.Hedidntreceiveagoodeducationatuniversity.Ireceivedaninvitationtotheparty,butIrefusedtoacceptit.a6-yearoldchild一个六岁的孩子6-yearold是由“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词,作前置定语,修饰后面的名词child.数词+名词+形容词构成的复合形容词，中间的名词要用单数形式

5、：afive-year-oldgirl一个五岁的女孩asix-foot-deephole一个六英尺深的洞atwo-meter-longruler一把两米长的尺子a100-meterrace一场百米赛跑aten-story-highbuilding一栋十层高的楼房atwo-inch-thickdictionary一本两英寸厚的词典tooto太而不能tooto可以与enoughto和sothat转换.与enoughto转换时,enough前的形容词,副词必须是too后面形容词,副词的,并使用其否定句式.Sheistooyoungtodothework.sheisntoldenoughtodothe

6、work.与sothat转换时,that后面的从句要用否定形式.Tomistootiredtowalkanyfarther.Tomissotiredthathecantwalkanyfarther(2)名词,成本,费用,价钱.atallcosts不惜任何代价;atthecostof以为代价.Livingcostsarehigherincitiesthanthatinthecountry.Wemuststopitatallcosts.Aftertheearthquake,thesoldierstriedtoreachtheareaatthecostoftheirlives.pay,spend,c

7、ost,take的区别pay花费(多少钱),主语是人.Sb.paysomemoneyforsth.Spend花费(多少钱或时间),主语是人.Sb.spendsomemoneyonsth.Sb.spendsometime(in)doingsth.cost花费(多少钱),主语是物.Sth.costsb.somemoney.Thisjacketcosthim200dollars.take花费(时间),Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.花费某人多少时间做某事Howlongdoesittakesb.todosth?花费某人多少时间做某事?IttookLiuHong2hourstodoh

8、erhomework.Ittakesme10minutestowalktoschoolfromhome.Itwilltakethem6monthstobuildthebuilding.Howlongdoesittakehimtoplantthetrees?sleep,sleeping,sleepy,asleep,fallasleep,beasleepsleep动词,睡觉,强调动作.Iamverytired.Iwanttosleep.Hesleptfor12hoursyesterday.sleeping,Sleep的现在分词,表示“正在睡觉”Dontmakesomuchnoise.Thebaby

9、issleeping.Theywokeupthesleepinggirlandaskedherwhereherparentswere.sleepy想睡觉的,困倦的.Iamalittlesleepy.Idliketogotobed.asleep睡着了的.TheteacherfoundTomasleepinclassandkepthimbehindafterschool.WouldyoumindturningdowntheTV?Thebabyisasleep.fallasleep强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程,不能接一段时间Icouldntfallasleepuntilitwasverylatelas

10、tnight.Helistenedtomusicandfellasleep.beasleep表示睡着后的状态,“睡着了”,可以接一段时间.Hewasasleepforthreehours.choose动词,“选择,挑选”,过去式chose,过去分词chosenchoosetodosth.选择做某事cantChoosebut只得pickandchoose挑挑拣拣Therearemanybookstochoosefrom.Wechoosemikeasourleader(领导).Willyouhelpmechooseadictionary?Everyonecantchoosebutobey(服从).

11、Itsherhabit(习惯)topickandchoosewhileshopping.present(1)礼物,礼品=giftWhynotgivehimacardasapresent?whatcanIgethimforabirthdaypresent?(2)目前,现在Imsorryheisoutatpresent.Youhavetoforgetthepastandstartlivinginthepresent.open(1)动词,打开,开业,开张,展现Itsnotrighttoopenotherpeoplesletters.Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?Thedo

12、oropenstothesouth.Thisfactoryopenedin1998.(2)形容词,beopen开着的,开放的Inhisdreamtheflowersareallopen.Mostshopsareclosedbutseveralarestillopen.Onweekendstheswimmingpoolisopentothepublic.close动词,关闭,关上,合上Pleaseclosethedoortokeepthecoldout.closed形容词,beclosed关着的,关闭的whenwegottotheshopitwasclosed.12.giveaway赠送,分发g

13、iveawaysthtosbAuntWanggaveawaythecandies(糖果)tothekids.Johngaveawayhisnotebooktome.giveup放弃giveback归还giveoff放出,发出(气味)givesthtosb=givesb.sth.把某物给某人ratherthan而不是后面跟名词,代词,从句Thecolorseemsgreenratherthanblue.Ifyouranratherthanwalked,youwouldhavearrivedearlier.Wedependonyouratherthanonhim.Youshouldhelpthem

14、ratherthantheyshouldhelpyou.prefertodosthratherthandosth.宁愿,也不Shepreferredtostayathomeratherthangowithus.Hepreferredtolistentomusicratherthanplaygames.Wouldratherdosththandosth.宁愿,也不Hewouldratherplaythanwork.Iwouldrathertaketheslowesttrainthangotherebyair.instead(1)位于句首,表示“反而,相反”TV.Ididntgotothecine

15、malastnight.instead,IwatchedafootballmatchonTheboydidntsingtothemusic.Instead,hesanghisownway.(2)位于句尾,表示“作为代替,而是”Mrsmithwasill,somrgreenwastakinghisclassinstead.Idontlikethisone,pleasegivemethatinstead.Wewalkeddownthestairsinsteadoftakingtheelevator(电梯).Hestudiesintheeveninginsteadofduringtheday.ent

16、er(1)参加=takepartinjoinMorethanonethousandsportsmenenteredtookpartinthegames.Mybrotherhopestoenterjointhearmynextyear.Sheenteredcameintotheroomwiththesewords.Didyouseesomeoneentergointothehouse?encourage动词,鼓励,激励encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事Parentsshouldencouragechildrentodothingsbythemselves.OurEnglish

17、teacherencouragesustokeepadairyinEnglish.progress名词,“进步,进展”makeprogress“取得进步,取得进展”Myparentsarepleasedwithmyprogressinlessons.Tomisnowmakingmuchgreatprogressatschool.Theymadenoprogressintheheavysnow.suggest动词,建议,提议.后跟名词,代词,动名词和从句shesuggestedawayoutofthedifficulty.hesuggestedgoinghome.whosuggestedyous

18、tayinghere?Isuggestedwe(should)holdameeting.takeaninterestin(doing)sth.对(做)某事感兴趣否定表达是takenointerestin(doing)sth.对(做)某事不感兴趣DoyoutakeaninterestinEnglish?Shebecameinterestedinsingingwhenshewasonly7yearsold.ThreegoodwaysofimprovingEnglisharementioned.提到了三种提高英语的好.ofimprovingEnglish是介词短语作定语修饰ways.它相当与动词不定

19、式.ThreegoodwaysofimprovingEnglisharementioned.=ThreegoodwaystoimproveEnglisharementioned.Canyoufindawaytoworkouttheproblem?=Canyoufindawayofworkingouttheproblem?Fastisanotherwayofsayingquick.=Fastisanotherwaytosayquick.Mention(1)动词,“提到,提及,说起”asmentionedabove如上所述Heoftenmentionedhispasttome.Nobodyment

20、ionedanythingtomeaboutit.Didshementionwhereshewasgoing?Youmentionedinyourletterthatyoumightbemovingabroad.Asmentionedabove,therearemanygoodwaystolearnEnglishwell.(2)名词,“提及,说起”Thenewspapermadenomentionofhim.makefriendswithsb.和某人交朋友Wouldyouliketomakefriendswithus?IfinditdifficulttomakefriendswithBen.八

21、年级下册英语第四单元知识2形容词一、形容词（一）形容词的含义：表示人或事物的特征、性质、状态的词叫形容词。（二）形容词的用法及位置：1作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后。Thenicegirlismysister.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.2.少数形容只能作表语不能作定语：alone,afraid,ill,asleep,awake,alive,well。3.作表语，放在系动词之后。Helookshappy.作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make,leave,keep等动词连用。Youmustkeepyoureyesclosed.Dontmakeyour

22、handsdirty.某些形容词放在定冠词the之后，表示一类人。常见的词有：good,bad,rich,poor,young,old,deaf,blind,black,white,living,dead。Theyoungshouldbepolitetotheold.Pleasedontlaughatthepoor.某些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式（to+动词原形）：glad,happy,pleasedbesorry,sad,sure,kind+todosth.ready,afraid,ableeasy,difficult(三)形容词比较级和最高级的构成：1规则变化（1）一般情况，直接

23、在词尾加erest。(2)以不发音的字母e结尾时，加rst。（3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾时，把y变为i，再加erest。(4)部分形容词，先双写最后一个辅音字母，再加erest。big,hot,fat,thin,red,部分形容词，在前面加moremost。beautiful,careful,important,delicious,difficult,dangerous以ly结尾的形容词，在前面加moremost。friendly(友好的),lonely（孤独的）,lovely（可爱的）Likely（有希望的）,daily（日常的）,lively（有生气的）2.不规则变化goodwell-be

24、tter-bestmanymuch-more-mostbadill-worse-worstlittle-less-leastfar-farther(较远的)further(进一步的)-farthest(最远的)furthest（最大程度的）old-older(年纪较大的)elder（年纪最大的）-oldest（较年长的）eldest(最年长的)(四)形容词原级的用法：1说明人或事物自身的性质、特征或状态时用形容词原形。Theflowersinthegardenarebeautiful.2.有表示程度的副词very,so,too,enough,quite等修饰时，用形容词原形。Theboyist

25、ooyoung.3.表示A与B在某方面程度相同或不同时，用形容词原形。肯定句：A+动词+as+形容词原形+as+B。EnglishisasinterestingasChinese.XiaoMingisastallasJim.否定句：A+动词+notasso+形容词原形+as+B。Thisbookisnotassonewasthatone.IamnotsocarefulasLucy.否定句的结构相当于A+动词+less+形容词原形+than+B。HethinksChineseislessinterestingthanEnglish.4.表示“A是B的几倍”：A+动词+倍数+as+形容词原形+as

26、+B。Ourschoolisthreetimesasbigastheirs.Thistableistwiceaslongasthatone.5“A+动词+Half+as+形容词原形+as+B”表示“A是B的一半”Herroomishalfasbigasyours.(五)、形容词比较级的用法：1表示两者进行比较时，用形容词比较级：A+动词+形容词比较级+than+BLilysroomisbiggerthanmine.Thismooncakeisnicethanthatone.有表示程度的副词alittle,abit,afew,alot,much,even,still,Far,rather,any

27、等修饰时，用形容词比较级。Ifeelevenworsenow.Itismuchcoldertodaythanbefore.表示两者之间“哪一个更、”：whichwhois+形容词比较级,AorB?Whoistaller,LiMingorWangTao?Whichsweaterismorebeautiful,theyellowoneorthepinkone?表示“几倍于、”时，用“A+动词+倍数+比较级+than+B”Iamthreeyearsolderthanyou.5表示“两者之间较、的一个”，常用“the+比较级”结构。Maryisthetallerofthetwins.表示“越来越、”时

28、，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级+and+比较级”，多音节词和部分双音节词用“moreandmore+形容词原形”Itsgettingwarmerandwarmerinspring.表示“越、就越、”时，用“the+比较级,the+比较级”Theharderheworks,thericherheis.Themorewegettogether,thehappierwellbe.(六)、形容词最高级的用法：1三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用形容词最高级。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,句末常跟一个inof短语来表示范围。Heisthestrongestofthethreeboys.Shangh

29、aiisthebiggestcityinchina.表示“三者或三者以上的人或物，哪一个最、？”用句型：Whichwhois+the+最高级,A,B,orC?Whichcityisthemostbeautiful,Beijing,ShanghaiorFuzhou?表示“最、的、之一”时，用句型：主语+is+oneofthe+形容词最高级+名词复数。ZhouJielunisoneofthemostpopularsingers.形容词最高级前面可加序数词，表示“第几大/长/高等”ChangjiangRiveristhefirstlongestriverinChina.形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词

30、、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，此时不用the。Thisisourlastlesson.Yesterdaywashisbusiestday.形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。LiLeiisthetalleststudentinhisclass.=LiLeiistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.=LiLeiistallerthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.=LiLeiistallerthananyoneelseinhisclass.=NooneisastallasLiLeiinhisclass.=Nooneistallerthan

31、LiLeiinhisclass.=LiLeiistallerthananyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass.=LiLeiistallerthantherestofstudentsinhisclass.（七）、-ing形容词与-ed形容词：-ing形容词表示“令人、的”，表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰或说明事物。如：surprising（令人惊讶的）,exciting（令人兴奋的）,interesting（有趣的）等。-ed形容词表示“感到、的”，表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人：sb.+be+-ed形容词+介词短语。如：surprised(感到

32、惊讶的),excited（感到兴奋的）,Interested（感到有趣的）等。Weareallexcitedabouttheexcitingnews.（八）在同一范围内比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.(在同一范围内)ChinaislargerthananycountryinAfrica.(在不同范围内)八年级下册英语第四单元知识3副词：用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念，主要修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或整个。（一）副词的分类：1时间副词：now,then,today,tomorrow,yesterday,

33、before,ago,soon,Immediately,lately,early,sometimes,often,always,usually,already,Yet,ever,never,seldom。时间副词是确定句子时态的重要标志，需牢记。2地点副词：outside,inside,upstairs,here,there,home,near,away,In,back,off,up,anywhere。方式副词：quickly,happily,loudly,suddenly,luckily,badly,easily,fast,again。方式副词大多由“形容词+y”构成。程度副词：very,q

34、uite,rather,too,much,so.疑问副词：when,where,why,howlong,howsoon,howoften,Howfar.疑问副词常用来构成特殊疑问句。关系副词：when,where,why,how等。关系副词常用来引导从句。（一）副词的用法：1作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或整个句子。Pleaselistentomecarefully.Theboyistooyoung.Luckily,hewasnotbadlyhurt.作表语，表示方位上的变化：Myfatherwillbebackinaweek.作宾语补足语。Lethimin,please.(三)副词的

35、位置：1一般副词作状语时，放在谓语动词之后，如果谓语动词之后带有宾语，则放在宾语后。Weallstudyhard.Heisdrawingahorsecarefully.频度副词作状语时放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前。Heisalwayslateforschool.IoftengotoseemygrandparentsonSunday.某些副词为了强调上下句的衔接，放在句子之前。Suddenlyhehadagoodidea.enough修饰形容词或副词时，要放在形容词或副词的后面。Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.Hegotupearlyenought

36、ocatchthetrain.（四）副词比较级、最高级的用法：1副词比较级、最高级的构成方法和形容词比较级、最高级的构成方法基本相同。2表示“A不如B”时，使用：A+助动词+not+动词原形+asso+副词原形+as+B.还可使用：A+动词+less+副词原形+than+BBilldidntdohishomeworkascarefullyasJim.=BilldidhishomeworklesscarefullythanJim.3.副词最高级前一般不加定冠词the。LinTaodidbestinEnglishofall.（五）易混词辨析：hard,hardlyhard意为“努力地，辛苦地，剧烈

37、地，猛烈地”，是程度副词。hardly意为“几乎不”，是否定副词。Asstudents,weshouldstudyhard.Icanhardlycatchupwithyou,canyouwalkslowly?too,also,eithertoo一般用于肯定句，常放在句尾；also常放在be动词或助动词之后，行为动词之前；either用于否定句，常放在句尾。Youareastudent.Iamastudent,too.Theyarealsostudents.Idontlikethefilm,either.too,enough,sotoo表示“太，很”,tooto表示“太。而不能、”enough表

38、示“足够”，“形容词/副词+enoughto”表示“足够、能、”。so表示“如此”，“sothat”表示“如此、以致、”Themanistoooldtolookafterhimself.Theboyrunsfastenoughtowinthegame.ThecameraissoexpensivethatIcantaffordit.already,yetalready用于肯定句，yet用于否定句和疑问句末尾。Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.=Ihavefinishedmyhomeworkalready.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Ihaventhadlunchyet.