现代大学英语精读四课件PPT.ppt

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1、 A Drink in the PassageAuthorAuthor Alan Paton(1903-1988)AlanPatonwasborninPietermaritzburg,SouthAfrica.HestartedhiscareerbyteachingataschoolinIxopo.Thedramaticcareerchangetodirectorofareformatory(管教所）管教所）forblackyouthsatDiepkloof,nearJohannesburg,hadaprofoundeffectonhisthinking.ThepublicationofCry,

2、the Beloved Country(1948)madehimoneofSouthAfricasbestknownwriters,andbythetimehedied,ithadsoldover15millioncopies.Followinghisnon-racialideals,hehelpedtofoundtheSouthAfricanLiberalPartyandbecameitspresident.His Works His Works Cry,the Beloved CountryPerhapsthemostfamousnoveltocomeoutofSouthAfrica,Pa

3、tons1948workbroughttothenoticeoftheworldthedilemmasofordinarySouthAfricanslivingunderanoppressivesystem,onewhichthreatenedtodestroytheirveryhumanity.InformedbyPatonsChristianandliberalbeliefs,thenoveltellsofaruralZuluparsons（牧师）（牧师）heart-breakingsearchforhisson,whohasbeendrawnintothecriminalunderwor

4、ldofthecity.Cry,the Beloved Countryhassoldmillionsofcopiesaroundtheworld.Apartheid ApartheidWiththeenactmentofapartheidlawsin1948,racialdiscriminationwasinstitutionalized（使制度（使制度化）化）.Racelawstouchedeveryaspectofsociallife,includingaprohibitionofmarriagebetweennon-whitesandwhites,andthesanctioning（认可

5、）（认可）of“white-only”jobs.In1950,thePopulationRegistrationActrequiredthatallSouthAfricansberaciallyclassifiedintooneofthreecategories:white,black(African),orcolored(ofmixeddecent).ThecolouredcategoryincludedApartheidApartheidmajorsubgroupsofIndiansandAsians.Classificationintothesecategorieswasbasedona

6、ppearance,socialacceptance,anddescent（血统）（血统）.Non-compliancewiththeracelawsweredealtwithharshly.Allblackswererequiredtocarry“passbooks”containingfingerprints,photoandinformationonaccesstonon-blackareas.Apartheid ApartheidIn1960,alargegroupofblacksinSharpevillerefusedtocarrytheirpasses;thegovernmentd

7、eclaredastateofemergency.Theemergencylastedfor156days,leaving69peopledeadand187peoplewounded.Wielding（掌握、运用）（掌握、运用）thePublicSafetyActandtheCriminalLawAmendmentAct,the white regime had no intention of changing the unjust laws of apartheid.Jubileen.a date that is celebrated because it is exactly 25 ye

8、ars,50 years etc.after an important event25、50/60年等具有特殊意义的周年纪念Do you know how many years they are marking?1.silver jubilee A.50 years2.golden jubilee B.60 years3.diamond jubilee C.25 years1-C 2-A 3-BThenewscausedasensationbecauseitprovedthatDorlinstillhadgolddeposits.Thisisashowthatwouldcauseasensat

9、ioninLondonorNewYork.extremeexcitementorinterest,orsomeoneorsomethingthatcausesthis轰动、引起轰动的人或事轰动、引起轰动的人或事Wordformationssensational(a.)sensationalize(v.)17.sensation(1)n.afeelingthatyougetfromoneofyourfivesenses,感官的感觉能力感官的感觉能力Thesensationofsight视觉视觉Sensationoftiredness疲劳感疲劳感Hecouldfeelnosensationinhi

10、sarm.他觉得自己的手臂麻木了。他觉得自己的手臂麻木了。17.sensation(2)n.Carolinehadthesensationthatshewasbeingwatched.ItwasastrangesensationIfeltIdbeentherebefore.n.afeelingthatisdifficulttodescribe,causedbyaparticularevent,experience,ormemory感觉、知觉感觉、知觉17.sensation(3)In the year 1960 the Union Africa celebrated its Golden Ju

11、bilee,and there was a nationwide sensation when the one-thousand-pound prize for the finest piece of sculpture was won by a black man,Edward Simelane.In the year 1960,the Union of South Africa celebrated its fiftieth anniversary,and there was a great excitement throughout the country when people hea

12、rd that the prize for the finest piece of sculpture was won by a black man.excite:to arouse 激起、激发His speech didnt excite much interest in voters.The news has certainly excited comment.conscience(1)n.a.thepartofyourmindthattellsyouwhetherwhatyouaredoingismorallyrightorwrongHewasamanofstrongsocialcons

13、cience,whoactivelycampaignedagainstpovertyinallitsforms.Well,atleastIcanfacethemallwithaclear/goodconscience(=whenyouknowthatyouhavedonenothingwrong).Iteasedherownconscience.不再受良心责备conscience(2)n.b.aguiltyfeelingthatyouhaveaboutsomethingbadyouhavedoneAnnfeltapang(剧痛）/twinge（刺痛）ofconscienceathavingmi

14、sjudgedher.Theyhavenoconscienceatallaboutcheating.(=notfeelguiltyaboutcheating)His work,African Mother and Child,(1)not only excited the admiration,(2)but touched the(A)conscience or (B)heart or (C)whatever it was that responded of white South Africa.that responded:here means responded in that way o

15、r similarly responded(3)seemed likely to make him famous Itwasbyacarelessmistakethathisworkwasaccepted,becauseasablackperson,hewasnotsupposedtoparticipateinthecompetition.emphaticstructureamistakethatyoumakebynotnoticingsth.orbyforgettingtodosth.错误、疏漏Itwasbyanoversightthathisworkwasacceptedsegregate

16、(1)v.a.to separate one group of people from others,especially because they are of a different race,sex,or religion(oppo.)integrateMale prisoners were strictly segregated from the females.Schools should not segregate children with disabilities.Blacks were segregated from whites in schools.segregate(2

17、)v.b.to separate one part of a place or thing from anotherThe coffee room had been segregated into smoking and non-smoking areas.They too were segregated into wagons for families and those for single men.separatekeep sb.apartisolatecut sb.off fromapartheid 南非种族隔离(=segregation)reprimandv.&n.to tell s

18、omeone officially that something they have done is very wrongto received a severe reprimand for sth.Once he had forgotten to lock Mr Corcorans office and had been harshly reprimanded.The military court reprimanded him for failing to do his duty.a private reprimand:a criticism that is not make public

19、omit:to leave out 1.遗漏、疏忽、忘记He omitted to state his reasons.Dont omit locking(or:to lock)the door.2.省略、删节Omit a passage from the text.omissionomissible 可省略的omissive:省略的、遗漏的 soas toIm not so stupid as to believe him.indisputably:dispute:to argue about sth.esp.angrily and for a long period 争论disputabl

20、e:able to be questioned 有争辩余地的bringsth.toaclose：toendorconcludesth.结束Finallythemeetingwasbroughttoaclosebythenewchairman.Thegovernmentwasanxioustobringthehostagecrisistoaclose.butincertainpowerfulquarters,therewasanoutcryagainstanydeparturefromthe“traditionalpolicies”ofthecountryausuallyunspecifiedg

21、roupofpeopleastrongprotestorobjectionbutincertainpoliticallyinfluentialcircles,therewasastrongprotestagainstthisdecisionasitwasnotinconformitywiththetraditional,apartheidpoliciesofthecountryreferringtotheracialpolicieswhichhadbeenineffectformanyyearsquarters(from,among,in):某方面的人士Information from the

22、 high quarters 来自高层的信息outcry:公开抗议、呐喊Despite the outcry,the university refused to change its admission policies.departure(from):a divergence from a rule or traditional practice 偏离、背离、违反Their new designs represent a departure from their usual style.renounce v.to give up(a title,for example),especially

23、 by formal announcement 声明放弃Edward renounced his claim to the French throne.Rudolph voluntarily renounced his U.S.citizenship.We absolutely renounce all forms of terrorism.These groups must renounce violence if there is to be progress towards peace.Avert避免、防止避免、防止vt.topreventsomethingunpleasantfromh

24、appeningTalkswillbeheldtodayinafinalattempttoavertstrikeaction.Luckilythepilotsawtheotherplanejustintime,andadisasterwasnarrowlyaverted.Iwasrelievedthatwehadavertedyetanotherfinancialcrisis.feeluptosth.tohavethestrength,energyetctodosomething;tobewellenoughto有力气、有精力去做某事Ijustdidntfeeluptogoing.Youdon

25、tneedtogobacktoschoolifyoudontfeeluptoit.HeisscheduledtojointheteaminCalgarylatetodayifhisbackisfeelinguptoit.InOrlandoyoudevelopathroatofiron,andyoujustputbackyourheadandputitdown,incasethepoliceshouldarrive.metaphor:astrongthroatInOrlandoyou(theblacks)graduallydevelopathroatasstrongasiron,andyouju

26、stthrowbackyourheadanddrinkthebrandyupinonegulpinordertoavoidpolicedetection.subjunctivemoodintroducedby“incase（唯恐、以免、以防）（唯恐、以免、以防）”Develop:to come to have gradually;to come gradually to existence养成、培养Develop a taste for an interest input back:throw backput it down:drink it down in one gulp A throat

27、 of iron:Because brandy is a very strong drink,so if you often drink it very quickly,you will get a very strong throat.Cultural note 1:According to apartheid laws,blacks could not remain in the big cities after a certain hour at night.Orlando must be small town where blacks live.Cultural note 2:Bran

28、dy is an expensive drink that was usually consumes by well-to-do white folks in Apartheid South Africa who would sip slowly from a brandy glass.When a black person like Simelane ever got a chance to drink brandy,he would usually use a small glass and drink it quickly for fear that he might be seen a

29、nd arrested by the police for breaking the law.A brandy glass is a large one with a wide bowl and narrow top.It is this shape so that the drinker can appreciate the aroma of brandy.Theygaveawindowtoit,withawhitevelvetbackdrop,ifthereisanythingcalledwhitevelvet,andsomecomplimentarywords.Theygaveawhol

30、ewindowtothesculpturewithawhitecurtainatthebackandsomewordsinpraiseofthework.Thecurtain(backdrop)wasmadeofwhitevelvet,ifthereissuchathingaswhitevelvet.wordsexpressingpraise/admirationItshardtoassociate“whitevelvet”with“softness”“smoothness”inanapartheidcountry.(velvet:丝绒、天鹅绒；丝绒般光滑、柔软）丝绒、天鹅绒；丝绒般光滑、柔软

31、）complimentary:She was complimentary about his work.她对他的工作赞美有加。Compliment:恭维（话）Make(or:pay)a compliment to sb.on sth.Please note:Complementary:补充的The station:the railway stationHerald:先驱者、信使In the text:the name of a newspaperThe sculptor lives in Orlando as he is not allowed to live in the big city

32、and therefore has to commute by train every day.squint attolookatsomethingwithyoureyespartlyclosedinordertoseebetter眯着眼睛看、斜着眼睛看Mrs.Fanningsquintedatthewritingonthedoor.Stopsquintingatthescreenputyourglasseson.Hehad/tookasquintattheheadlineofthenews.out of the corner of your eye:In a secretive way 秘密

33、的、暗地里秘密的、暗地里;without looking directly or intentionally不直视、窥不直视、窥视视please note:1.The phrase is usually used together with look,see glance,notice,etc.2.The word eye is singular.indulge:to engage in;to take part in,here means to enjoy 沉溺于,享受pleasurable:使人快乐的、使人满意的、舒适的A pleasurable meeting between old f

34、riendscontemplation:1.the act of thinking deeply and quietly2.The act of looking at sth.quietly and solemnly soIthoughtIdgoandseethewindow,andindulgecertainpleasurablehumanfeelings.ImusthavegotalittlelostinthecontemplationofmyowngeniusSoIthoughtIdgoandseethewindow,andenjoysecretlysomepleasantfeeling

35、sfeelingsofprideformyowngenius.Imusthavebecometooabsorbedinmythinkingaboutmyowngeniusbeengrossed/absorbedinHewaslostintheplotofthenovel.confidentiala.spokenorwritteninsecretandintendedtobekeptsecret1.秘密的、机密的2.表示信任或亲密的Theinformationwereceivedisofahighlyconfidentialnatureandrelatestonationalsecurity.W

36、eholdconfidentialrecordsoneachemployee.Afterdrinkingtoeachother,theybecamequiteconfidential.彼此敬酒后推心置腹、无话不谈。feel like:I dont feel like taking a tripFeel like tea/coffee/a restand all:including the thing or things just mentioned 以及其它一切、等等They ate the whole fishhead,bones,tail,and all.The boss promised

37、 to provide me with a computer and all.round the corner:very near;coming soonI couldnt have told him my name.Why?It might be that Simelane had been acting as if he were admiring somebody elses work of art and therefore it would be embarrassing to reveal his true identity.He did not want the other pe

38、rson to know that he was indulging in admiring his own genius,esp.after hearing the compliments of this stranger.On the other hand,it might also show that Simelane was a very humble person,or we could say thats a common characteristic of black people because of the segregation and discrimination.sta

39、rt off:to begin to move;to begin a journey We didnt exactly walk abreast,but he didnt exactly walk in front of me.walk abreast:to walk side by sideQ:Is there any symbolic meaning of the sentence?Would it be a problem for them to walk abreast?A:A black was not the equal of white so they would never w

40、alk side by side as equals.Constrainv.a.tostopsomeonefromdoingwhattheywanttodob.tolimitsomething限制、克制、约束、抑制限制、克制、约束、抑制Financialfactorsshouldnotconstraindoctorsfromprescribingthebesttreatmentforpatients.Womensemploymentopportunitiesareoftenseverelyconstrainedbyfamilycommitments.Constrained:被迫的；强装出来的被

41、迫的；强装出来的Hefeltconstrainedtoaccepttheinvitation.Aconstrainedsmile:强作的笑容强作的笑容expelv.a.toforceair,water,orgasetcoutofyourbodyoroutofacontainer排出、喷出排出、喷出Expelairfromthelings.b.toofficiallyforcesomeonetoleaveaschoolororganization把。除名把。除名Two girls were expelled from school for taking drugs.The main opposi

42、tion leader was expelled from her party.suspend:1.to hang from above;to hang so as to allow free movement 悬挂、使悬浮To suspend a lamp from the ceiling.2.to stop or cause to be inactive for a period of time 停止、延缓School classes were suspended for fear of spread of epidemic.3.to prevent from taking part in

43、 a teampolish(1)v.&n.a.to make something smooth,bright,and shiny by rubbing it 擦亮、抛光After she had polished the furniture,she cleaned the windows.A good polish now and then will keep the table looking new.furniture/shoe/floor,etc.polish 上光剂(=a liquid,powder,or other substance that you rub into a surf

44、ace to make it smooth and shiny)polish(2)v.&n.b.to improve a piece of writing,a speech etc by making slight changes to it before it is completely finished Your essay is good,you just need to polish it a bit.Carlas writing has potential,but it lacks polish.impersonal doors:the doors looked unfriendly

45、,one reason might be they looked all the same with no names or signs on them as this is a cheap apartment buildinga.a.notshowinganyfeelingsofsympathy,friendlinessetc.没有感情的、冷淡的b.aplaceorsituationthatisimpersonaldoesnotmakepeoplefeelthattheyareimportant没有人情味的Businesslettersdonothavetobeimpersonalandfo

46、rmal.Ihatestayinginhotels;theyresoimpersonal.Ihadnodesiretoworkforalarge,impersonalorganization.Just signing your name on a Christmas card seems too impersonal.太没人情味“Sorry theres no brandy,”he said.“Only wine.Heres happiness.”brandy is generally considered more expensive stuff.Van Ransburg wanted to

47、 treat his guest”I”with the best thing he had.He has no bias or prejudice towards black people.Heres happiness:Lets drink to your happiness.Van Rensburg was proposing a toast(干杯、祝酒）.Iwas（ntonly）feelingwhatyoumaybethinking,我当时的感觉（不仅仅只是）就像你认为的一样。我当时的感觉（不仅仅只是）就像你认为的一样。Q：Ifyouwereaskedtodrinkinapassagej

48、ustoutsideofsomeonesapartment,notinvitedintotheapartment,tositdownanddrinkproperly,howwouldyoufeel?You might be thinking that it was an insult;and that was my feeling at the moment.Besides this feeling,there was sth.else.Iwasntonlyfeelingwhatyoumaybethinking,Iwasthinkingthatoneoftheimpersonaldoorsmi

49、ghtopenatanymoment,andsomeonemightseemein“white”building,andseemeandvanRensburgbreakingtheliquorlawsofthecountry.Youmightbethinkingthatitwasaninsulttohavemedrinkinthepassageinsteadofinvitingmeintotheirapartment,tositdownanddrinkproperly.Yes,Iwasfeelingthatway.Buttherewassth.else.Iwasalsoafraidthaton

50、eofthecold,unfriendlydoorsmightopenatanymomentandsomeonemightseemeinthis“whitesonly”building,drinkingwithawhitemanandbreakingthelawsondrinking.Anger could have saved me from the whole embarrassing situation,butyouknowIcanteasilybeangry.EvenifIcouldhavebeen,Imighthavefoundithardtobeangrywiththisparti