1986—1997年考研英语一真题.docx

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1、1997年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Part I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)Manpower Inc., with 560 000

2、 workers, is the worlds largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people 1 into the offices and factories of America, seeking a days work for a days pay.One day at a time._2_industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive 3 reducing the number of employees, Manpower,

3、based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.4_its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part- timers and temporary workers. This 5 work force is the most important 6 in American business today, and it is 7 changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The

4、 phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive 8 avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens 9 by employment rules, health care costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of 10 that came from being a loyal employee.1.Aswarm

5、BstrideCseparateEdslip2.AForBBecausecAsEdSince3.AfromBinConEDby4.AEven thoughBNow thatcIf onlyEdProvided that5.AdurableBdisposableCavailableEdtransferable6.AapproachBflowcfashionEdtrend7.AinstantlyLbreverselyCfundamentallyEdsufficiently8.AbutBwhilecandEdwhereas9.AimposedBrestrictedCillustratedEdconf

6、ined10. AexcitementBconvictioncenthusiasmEdimportancePart II Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked LA,B, C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then m

7、ark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (40 points)Passage 1It was 3: 45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australias Northern Territory became the first legal

8、 authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die S

9、ociety of Canada. He sent it on via the groups on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isnt just something that happened in Australia. Its world history.The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law ha

10、s left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikel

11、y to turn back. In Australiawhere an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part-other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, o

12、bservers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death-probably by a deadly injection or pil!一to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off period of seven days

13、, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying dea

14、th from his breathing condition. Im not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how Id go, because Ive watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks, he says.11. From the second paragraph we learn that.A the objection to euthan

15、asia is slow to come in other countriesB physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasiaC changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the lawD it takes time to realize the significance of the laws passage12. When the author says that observers are waiting for the do

16、minoes to start falling, he means.A observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasiaB similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other countriesC observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoesEd the effect-taking process of the passed bi

17、ll may finally come to a stop13. When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will.A face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasiaB experience the suffering of a lung cancer patientC have an intense fear of terrible sufferingD undergo a cooling off period of seven days14. The authors attitude towards euthana

18、sia seems to be that of.A opposition B suspicion C approval D indifferencePassage 2A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should be

19、st be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a trav

20、eler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.The harsh realities of the frontier als

21、o shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of d

22、aily life: if you didnt take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strange

23、rs is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. t4I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner-amazing. Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, b

24、ut are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumpt

25、ions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to translate cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American us

26、es the word friend, the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitors language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americ

27、ans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.15. In the eyes of visitors from the outside world”A rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the USB small-minded officials deserve a serious commentC Canadians are not so friendly as their neighborsD most Americans are ready to offer help16

28、. It could be inferred from the last paragraph that.A culture exercises an influence over social interrelationshipB courteous convention and individual interest are interrelatedC various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friendsD social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultura

29、l conventions17. Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangersA to improve their hard life B in view of their long-distance travelC to add some flavor to their own daily lifeD out of a charitable impulse18. The tradition of hospitality to strangers.A tends to be superficial and artifi

30、cialB is generally well kept up in the United StatesC is always understood properlyD has something to do with the busy tourist trailsPassage 3Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to

31、 some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They dont realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase “substance abuse” is often used instead

32、 of “drug abuse“ to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.We live in a society in which the medical and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going

33、 in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance

34、can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.Drugs (substa

35、nces) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nerv

36、ous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning mind-manifestation) because they see

37、med to radically alter ones state of consciousness.19. Substance abuse(Line 5, Paragraph 1) is preferable to drug abuse in that.A substances can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally usedB drug abuse is only related to a limited number of drugtakersC alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as

38、 heroin and cocaineD many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous20. The word pervasive (Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean.A widespreadB overwhelmingC piercingD fashionable21. Physical dependence on certain substances results from.A uncontrolled consumption of them over long peri

39、ods of timeB exclusive use of them for social purposesC quantitative application of them to the treatment of diseasesD careless employment of them for unpleasant symptoms22. From the last paragraph we can infer that.A stimulants function positively on the mindLb hallucinogens are in themselves harmf

40、ul to healthC depressants are the worst type of psychoactive substancesD the three types of psychoactive substances were commonly used in groupsPassage 4No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?” Senato

41、r Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well? At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company wa

42、s born in 1990. Its a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure

43、 to raise the stock price and reduce the companys mountainous debt, which will increase to $ 17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently.The flap over rap is not making life any easi

44、er fbr him. Levin has consistently defended the companys rap music on the grounds of expression. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-Ts violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as a lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet. The test of any democrat

45、ic society, he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We wont retreat in the face of any threats.Levin

46、 would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last months stockholders meeting, Levin asserted that music is not the cause of societys ills and even cite

47、d his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. But he talked as well about the balanced struggle between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards fbr distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.The 15-member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy. But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter. Some of us have known fbr many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not total