基础医学英语试题.docx

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1、Fundamental Medical English Test (B)Part I Vocabulary (35%)Section ADirections： Choose the definition from choices marked A), B), C) and D) that best matches the stem or affix given in each item.1.stern/o-A) skullB) cartilageC) breastboneD) brain2.oste/o-A) jointB) marrowC) membraneD)bone3.-clastA)

2、to combine B) to joinC) to breakD) to put4.hem/o-A) fiberB) serumC) bloodD) clot-poiesisA) production B) immunization C) combination D) reductiongastr/o-A) esophagus B) pancreas C) stomach D) liverentcr/oA) jejunumB) ileumC) rectumD) small intestine8. crythr/oA) whiteB) redC) yellowD) green9. nephr/

3、oA) bladderB) ureterC) kidneyD) urethra10. para-A) insideB) outsideC) behindD) beside11. myo-A) tissue B) muscle C) cell D) plasmC) arteriolesD) veinsPassage 5As infants, we live without a sense of the past; as adults, we can recall events from decades ago. Scientists have only a vague understanding

4、 of this remarkable transition, when our sense of time expands beyond this mornings feeding and last weeks bath, but now they know a bit more: Conor Liston of Harvard University has determined that the beginnings of long-term recall arise between the ninth and the 17th month of a babys life, coincid

5、ing with structural changes in the memory-processing regions of the brain. Besides explaining why Junior doesn/t remember last month/s trip to Disney World, these results should help guide future research on the link between early behavioral development and changes in the infant brain.It wasnt dear

6、how long children in the first year of life could retain a memory of an event. Liston says. We were interested in testing the hypothesis that neurological developments at the end of the first year and the beginning of the second would result in a significant enhancement in this kind of memory.Liston

7、 showed a simple demonstration to infants ages 9,17, or 24 months old.The test results showed a huge difference between the test children who had been 9 months old when they saw the first demonstration and those who had been older. Whereas 9-month-olds dont really remember a thing after four months,

8、 17- and 24-month-olds do, Liston says. Something is happening in the brain between 9 and 17 months old that enables children to encode these memories efficiently and in such a way that they can be retained and retrieved after a long period of time, “Liston says. Researchers believe that changes in

9、certain regions of the brains frontal lobe and the hippocampus, which are associated with memory retention and retrieval, drive the rapid expansion of childhood recall. Previous studies have shown that the frontal lobes in humans begin to mature during the last quarter of the first year of life.List

10、ons work may help explain why adults can rarely remember anything from before their second birthday or so. Most people simply accept this infant amnesia“ as a fact of life. But its not dear why a 40-year-old has plenty of memories for something that happened 20 years ago, but a 20-year-old has basic

11、ally no memories for something that happened when he was 2or 3,Liston says. He suggests that the same brain mechanisms that were not yet able to encode long-term memories in 9-month-olds may also play some role in adults inability to remember events of infancy. Researchers still need to look at othe

12、r areas of cognitionsuch as what role languages ability plays in memoryto really fullyunderstand why people cant remember anything that happened before 2-3 years of age. But one thing is dear: When 1-year-old Snookums claims he doesnt remember breaking the heirloom china five months ago, hes almost

13、surely telling the truth.66. Conor Liston.A) has only a vague understanding of infants7 memoryB) has found something more about the origin of long-term recallC) has detected the regions of the brain responsible for memory-processingD) has established a theory about memory developmentAccording to thi

14、s passage,may promote the rapid expansion of childhood recall.A) the development of a sense of the pastB) the last quarter of the first year of lifeC) certain regions of the brainD) the maturation of the frontal lobes in humansAccording to Liston,initiate(s) the long-term recall ability of a child.A

15、) early behavioral developmentB) the memory-processing regions of the brainC) the changes in the brain between 9 and 17 months oldD) the changes in the brain between 17 and 24 months oldAccording to this passage, it is normal that.A) a 1 -year-oid cannot recall what has happened one month agoB) a 20

16、-year-old can recall what has happened when he was 2C) a 20-year-old fails to recall what has happened one month agoD) a 40-year-old has few memories for an event that happened 20 years ago 70. The proper title for this passage should be.A) Listons TestingB) Forgetting and MemoryC) Babys Forgotten Y

17、earsD) The Role Language Ability Plays in MemoryPassage 6Experiments on monkeys were viewed much more negatively than those involving mice. Indeed. Only experiments to test or develop drugs to treat childhood leukemia were seen as justifying monkeys suffering. In Britain, experiments involving prima

18、tes are very tightly controlled. Researchers must convince government officials that the knowledge to be gained justifies any suffering to the animals, and that adequate data cannot be obtained by using other species.In practice, this means that monkeys are unlikely to be used in leukemia research,

19、as the disease can be studied in other animals. But attempts co develop AIDS vaccines depend heavily on experiments with related viruses in monkeys, in which some of the animals are likely to become ill. Our poll indicates that a majority of British people would oppose these experiments.In the US, w

20、here regulations are less stringent, the goal of developing an AIDS vaccine is seen as sufficient justification for injecting chimpanzees, our nearest relatives, with potentially lethal strains of HIV. And while most people are probably not aware of such facts, 64 per cent of those we polled judged

21、correctly that regulations governing animal experiments in Britain are as strict, or stricter, than those in other developed countries. Just 11 per cent thought that British rules are less strict, while 24 per cent said they didnt know.In one respect, however, our poll reveals a disturbing gap in pe

22、oples knowledge, which the British government might want to address. No prescription drug is marketed without first being tested in animals, yet people are either unaware that this is (he case, or dont want lo acknowledge the fact. While 35 per cent of the people wc polled said they or a close famil

23、y member had been prescribed a drug for a serious illness in the past two years or so, only 18 per cent of these people 6 per cent of the total sampleknew it had been tested on animals. Significantly, this small group was more favourably disposed to animal experimentation than the larger number who

24、said they werent aware their drugs had been tested on animals. Indeed, with 66 per cent of them backing animal research in our question, they were more positive about animal experiments than everj-one we polled expect the hunters and fur coat wearers.While people may not be in full possession of the

25、 facts about animal research, many experiments that are licensed in Britainincluding hundreds of thousands of toxicity tests andfundamental biological studiescould be banned if regulators were to follow the majorityviews expressed in our poll.People can clearly weigh the pros and cons of animal expe

26、rimentation. Its time fbr those who want lo pursue a peaceful debate to seize the initiative.71. Most people ignore the fact that.A) no new drugs would ever be developed without monkeys being involvedB) all the prescription drugs sold on market have been tested on animalsC) leukemia can hardly be st

27、udies in animals other than monkeysD) adequate data can still be obtained without using monkeys in animal researchIn the US, it is believed that.A) monkeys can be involved in the experimentation to develop an AIDS vaccineB) to test potential lethal drugs on animals isnt justifiable in any case.C) an

28、imal research is justified only if it helps us gain new knowledgeD) the regulations governing animal research should be less strictAccording to this passage,of those being polled were aware that the drug they had been prescribed had been tested on animals.A) 6%B) 18%C) 35%D) 66%We can learn from thi

29、s passage,may be negative about animal experimentation.A) the hunters and fur coat wearersB) (hose who support animal researchC) those who arc unaware that their drugs had been tested on animalsD) those who are in full possession of the facts about animal researchThe authors attitude toward animal e

30、xperimentation isA) negative B) positive C) subjective D) objectivePart 111 Translation ( 20% )Directions: Translate the following phrases into Chinese:1. protein-digesting enzyme2. anterior pituitary gland3. cerebral hemorrhage4. blood glucose concentration5. pyloric sphincter valve6. juxtaglomerul

31、ar apparatus7. menstrual cramps8. thoracic vertebrae9. cystic fibrosis10. carcinoma in situKey( B)Parti (35%)610CDBCDSection A15 CDCCA1 1 15 BDABB1620 ACADBSection B21-25 BDADC26-30 BADAD3135 CBADC36-40 BBABA41-45 DDCABPart 11( 45%)46-50 CBCDD51-55 BCCBB5660 ABBCDBDCAC6165 CDBCA7175 BAACD1 1 15 BDAB

32、B1620 ACADBSection B21-25 BDADC26-30 BADAD3135 CBADC36-40 BBABA41-45 DDCABPart 11( 45%)46-50 CBCDD51-55 BCCBB5660 ABBCDBDCAC6165 CDBCA7175 BAACD66-70Part III ( 20% )I.蛋白溶解酶2 .前垂体腺.大脑出血3 .血糖浓度.幽门括约肌阀4 .肾小球旁器.痛经5 .胸椎.囊性纤维病变6 .原位癌Fundamental Medical English TestPart I Vocabulary ( 30 points )Section AD

33、irections： Choose the definition from choices marked A), B), C) and D) that best matches the stem or a ffix given in each item.1. encephal/o-A) heartinyel/o-A) membrane-ologyA) studyhisto-A) tissueven/o-A)cornea-aseA) embryomorph/oA)shape-genesisA) progressioninter-A) over-cideA) replicatinghypno-A)

34、 surrogatenielan/oA) blackB) arterioleB) mediumB) medicineB) muscleB) sinusB) enzymeB) liningB) productionB)aboveB) killingB)synapseB) whiteC) brainC)C)13. vas/oD) bronchusmarrowD) malariaexaminationD) indicationC) mucusC) atriumC) nutritionC) creaseC) depletionC) betweenC) liningC) sulfaC)redD) ser

35、osaD) veinD) oxidationD) membraneD) depositionD) behindD) grindingD) sleepD) blueA) ventricleB) vaginaC) valveD) vessel14. peri-A) acrossB) aroundC) intoD) backward15. -gramA) pleuraB) prognosisC) photoD) precursor16. -scopyA) predispositionB) presentationC) circulationD) examination17. cerebr/o-A)

36、heartB) arterioleC) brainD) bronchus18. mito-A) threadB) tendonC) thighD) thymine19. bio-A) lupusB) lipidC) lobeD) life20. hydr/o-A) mucosaB) salivaC) walerD) pusSection BDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are Jour choices marked A), B), C), and D)

37、. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.21. Holistic health takes a broader spectrum of mind, body, and spirit. It assumes that body has a natural tendency toward equilibrium, or, the maintenance of which is the key to good health.A) hemostasis B) homeostasis C) hypostasis D) hemato

38、poiesisA membrane-bound organelle in the cytoplasm of most cells containing various hydrolytic enzymes that function in intracellular digestion is called.A) chromosome B) microsome C) lysosome D) ribosomeThe function of the prostate is to store and secrete a slightly fluid, milky or whitein appearan

39、ce, that usually constitutes 25-30% of the volume of (he semen along with spermatozoa and seminal vesicle fluid.A) alkaline B) acidic C) amniotic D) aqueousThe lungs are separated from each other by the, a space (hat contains the heart, the esophagus and part of the trachea.A) diaphragm B) pleura C)

40、 mucus D) mediastinum are natural proteins produced by the cells of the immune system of most vertebrates in response to challenges by foreign agents such as viruses, bacteria, parasites and tumor cells.A) Interferons B) Creatinine C) Cytokines D) MediatorsThe enteric nervous system consists of a co

41、llection of neurons embedded within the wall of the entire gastrointestinal tract and its.A) aggregates B) derivatives C) plethora D) residueThe second basic function associated with the circulatory system involves protection. It effectively protects against both injury and disease through clotting,

42、 white blood cells, and the process of.A) necrosis B) hypnosis C) fibrosis D) phagocytosisis a disease characterized by severe diarrhea with passage of mucus and blood and usually caused by infection.A) Dysentery B) Syphilis C) Anthrax D) GonorrheaThe thick semi-fluid mass of partly digested food th

43、at is passed from the stomach to the duodenum can be termed .A) bolus B) chyme C) amylase D) salivaA class of drugs called includes four drugs approved in recent years for treatingUTIs. These drugs include ofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and (rovafloxin.A) quinolones B) ornithines C) trimetho

44、prim D) sulfamethoxazoleImmunology emerged at the end of the 19th century when Edward Jenner used fluid from cowpox lesions to vaccinate against smallpox.A) febrile B) sterile C) pustular D) testicularare particularly characteristic of the epithelium that lines the upper respiratory tract, where the

45、ir beating serves to remove particles of dust and other foreign material.A) Cilia B) Ischemia C) Fungi D) ViliIn 1799. Sir Humphry Davy, recognized the properties of nitrous oxide which henamed “laughing gas.A) analgcstic B) aseptic C) genotoxic D) dyslexicCardiac muscle tissue, found only in the he

46、art, is part of the cardiovascular system. Similarly, the muscle in the walls of digestive tract is part of the digestive system.A) collateral B) visceral C) retinal D) puerperalThe first opportunity for the scientific study of disease came from the thorough internal examination of the body after de

47、ath.have been performed scientifically from about 300 BC and have revealed much information that has helped to clarify the nature of many diseases.A) Autopsies B) Allografts C) Angiographies D) Li(ho(ripiesis the first step in the breakdown of complex foodstuffs and serves several functions, including: breaking large pieces into small pieces; softening of food and transfonnation into a size conducive to swallowing; lubrication of food by impregnating it with saliva.A) Micturition B) Deglutition C) Mast