高中英语高考英语名词知识点及典型例题带答案第p5354期.docx

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1、高中英语高考英语名词知识点及典型例题带答案单项选择题（精选试题名师出品）1、Applying for jobs can be a long and painful.A. processB. benefitC. positionD. climate答案：A解析：考查名词辨析。句意：求职可能是一个漫长而又艰难的历程。A. process过程；B.benefit益处；C.position位 置；D. climate气候。根据Applying for jobs”可知,求职是一个过程，应选A。2、Now I know that the proper way is always her way.A. ob

2、jectB. object complementC. predicativeD. attribute答案：c解析：考查句子结构。句意：现在我知道，正确的方式永远是她的方式。分析句子可知，关系词that引导的是宾语 从句，作谓语动词know的宾语，从句中the proper way为主语，is是系动词，her way作系动词is的表语， 所以划线处为从句的表语。应选C项。3、 Jenny said that she had never thought in her life that she would ever sing .But now, singing in the choir provi

3、des from what she calls the “ gray days.A. realityB. reliefC. missionD. fault答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：珍妮说她这辈子从没想过自己会唱歌，但现在，在唱诗班唱歌让她摆脱了所谓的“灰暗日子。A.reality现实;B.relief减轻，解除;C.mission任务;D.fault错误。根据句意以及But now可知,但现在，在唱诗班唱歌让她摆脱了所谓的灰暗日子。应选B项。A. scheduleB. pressureC. performanceD. impression答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于1

4、2年级的时间紧课业重，很多学生不得不利用午休时间完成作业。A.schedule时间表;B.pressure压力；C.performance表现；D.impression印象。由语意可知,很多学生不得不 利用午休时间完成作业，说明他们的时间安排紧张。应选A项。29、The also preserves the bodies of 100 cats and dogs and other pets whose owners hope they may oneday return to life.A. institutes. instanceC. intensityD. intention答案：A解析

5、：考查名词词义辨析。句意：该研究所还保存着100只猫、狗和其他宠物的尸体，它们的主人希望它们有朝一日能复活。A.institute 研究所;B.instance 例子；C.intensity 强度；D.intention 打算。由“preserves the bodies of 100 cats and dogs and other pets”可知，是研究所还保存着100只猫、狗和其他宠物的厂体，空格处是“研究所, 即 institute,应选 A。30、fine weather it is!A. What aB. How aC. WhatD. How答案：c解析：考查感叹句和连词。句意：今天

6、多么好的天气呀！感叹句句式：How+adj+主语+谓语！ What+adj+n+主语+谓语! how是副词，修饰形容词或者副词作状语，what修饰名词，分析句子可知，修饰名词weather用what,且 weather是不可数名词，不能加不定冠词，应选C。31、 I have a strong for country life because it brings me peace in mind.A. benefits. reliefC. preferenceD. defence10答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对乡村生活有着强烈的喜好，因为它给我带来心灵的平和。A. benefit

7、益处；B. relief慰藉；C.preference爱好，偏好；D.defence防御。由because引导的原因状语从句内容推断,这是我 喜欢、向往乡村生活的理由。应选C。32、 As a soldier, he showed selfless to duty.A. devotionB. conservationC. assumptionD. comparison答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名士兵，他表现出了对职责的无私奉献。A.devotion贡献；B.conservation 保存，保持；C.assumption假定;D parison比拟。根据selfless和to

8、duty可知，此处是指对职责的无私奉 献。应选A。33 The university will reach its of 5,000 students next September.A. accounts. benefitC. targetD. process答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这所大学明年9月将到达招收5000名学生的目标。A. account账户；B.benefit利 益；C. target目标；D.process过程。由reach”和5,000 students next September”可知，句子表示“这所大学明 年9月将到达招收5000名学生的目标,因此空格处是

9、目标,是target,应选C。34、 The gained from this experience has invested my life with new meaning.A. departures. insightC. proofD. setting答案：B解析：11 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从这次经历中获得的领悟在我的生命中赋予了新的意义。A. departure离开；B.insight领悟;C.proof证据；D. setting环境；背景。根据new meaning可知,insight领悟符合句意。应选B。35、There are people in the cinema.A.

10、two hundredB. two hundredsC. two hundred of答案：A解析：考查数词。句意：电影院里有两百个人。用hundred (百)表确切数字修饰名词时，hundred不可变为复数形 式，且不需介词就可直接修饰名词。应选A。36、 These measures have been taken with a (n) to increasing the companys profits.A. viewB. intentionC. purposeD. aim答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：采取这些措施是为了增加公司的利润。A. view打算；目的；B.intenti

11、on意图；目 的；C.purpose目的；D.aim目标；目的。短语with a view to表示为了；指望，是固定搭配，而其他选项没 有这样的搭配。应选A。37、The beauty of the scenery of West Lake is beyond.A. collectionB. selectionC. descriptionD. tradition答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：西湖风景之美是无法形容的。A.collection收集；B. selection选择；C. description 描述;D. tradition传统。根据the scenery of West

12、Lake”可知，此处表示西湖的美景无法形容，beyond description为固定短语，意为“难以形容。应选C。38、The police offered a $200 for any information leading to the arrest of the murderer.12A. awardB. priceC. rewardD. prize答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：警方悬赏200美元悬赏，以获取可以抓捕凶手的任何信息。A. award奖品、授予;price价格；C. reward悬赏金、报酬；D.prize奖品、重要人物。分析语境可知，空格处用reward表示悬赏

13、 金、报酬符合语境。应选C项。39 Laziness is the of his failure.A. reasonB. causeC. excuseD. way答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：懒惰是他失败的原因。A. reason原因；B. cause原因；C.excuse借口； D. way方法。 reason说明某种行为或看法的理由，后接介词for； cause说明某种事实或现象的原因，后接介词。f。应选B。40、Procrastination can often pose to people/s ability their goals successfully, which is

14、 evident, forexample, in the fact that it is associated with receiving worse grades at school.A. a question . of pursuingB. an obstacle . to pursuea dilemma . to pursueD. a hindrance . to pursuing答案：B解析：考查名词和非谓语。句意：拖延症往往会给人们成功追求目标的能力带来阻碍，这一点很明显，例如，拖延 症与学校成绩较差有关。A.a question . of pursuing问题；追求B.an ob

15、stacle . to pursue阻碍；追求C.a dilemma . to pursue困境；追求D.a hindrance . to pursuing”阻碍;追求。固定搭配 ones ability to do sth“某 人的做某事的能力，故排除选项A和D。在根据句意，拖延症是会阻碍成功的。应选B。41 Well never forget the Zhong Nanshan has made to the fight against COVID-19.A. pressB. donationsC. contributionsD. efforts13答案：c 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：

16、我们永远不会忘记钟南山为抗击新冠肺炎疫情作出的贡献。A.press新闻界； B.donations捐赠；C.contributions贡献；D.efforts努力。根据常识可知，我们永远不会忘记钟南山为抗击新冠 肺炎疫情作出的贡献，空格处意为贡献，应选C。42、 Your suggestions are far from worthless and they make a good deal of to me.A. differenceB. senseC. influenceD. meaning答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的建议绝非毫无价值，对我来说很有意义。A. differen

17、ce差异；B.sense意义；理解力;C. influence影响；D. meaning意思。短语make a good deal of sense to sb表示“对某人很有意义。故 选Bo43 I have a sore throat today!You/d better take advantage of the tea break to go to.A. chemistsB. the chemistC. the chemistsD. the chemists/答案：c解析：考查所有格的省略及固定用法。句意：一一今天我喉咙好痛。一一你最好利用茶歇时间去一下药店。chemist 为药剂师，

18、药师，在英语中，人们惯常用goto the chemis匕这一用法来表达去药店，这其实是一个省略 结构，完整的结构是go to the chemists shop （去药师的店铺），省略时注意仅去掉shop,保存定冠词the且 chemist用单数（固定用法）,综上此题选C。44 In many the new version is not as good as the old one.A. packsB. aspectsC. stylesD. points答案：B14解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在许多方面，新版本不如旧版本好。A. packs背包；B. aspects方面；C.style

19、s方式;D. points要点。根据后文“the new version is not as good as the old one指在许多方面新版本不如旧版本好，应用aspecto应选BoMore recently, the internationalization of financial markets, the spread of information by electronic media and other aspects of globalization have intensified the to small languages.A. threatB. siteC. ran

20、geD. extinction答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近，金融市场的国际化、电子媒体的信息传播以及全球化的其他方面都加剧了对小语言的威胁。A.threat威胁；B. site地点；遗址；C.range范围;D.extinction灭绝。根据句意可知,金 融市场的国际化、电子媒体的信息传播以及全球化会促进语言的统一，因此会威胁到小语言，导致其消失。应选AoThe curious girl looked at the box and then she opened it out of.A. curious, curiousB. curiously, curiosityC. curi

21、ously, curiousD. curiosity, curiously答案：B解析：考查词副词和名词。句意：这个好奇的女孩好奇地看了看盒子，然后出于好奇把它翻开了。A.curious好奇的;curious 好奇的；B.curiously 好奇地，curiosity 好奇心；C. curiously 好奇地,curious 好奇的；D.curiosity 好奇心， curiously好奇地。分析句子结构可知，第一空应填写副词修饰动词looked；根据out of 可知，第二空应填写 名词,out of curiosity意为出于好奇,应选B。47 Many teenagers want to

22、 be like Zhong Nanshan when they grow up.A. writersB. engineersC. doctorsD. cleaners15答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:许多青少年长大后想成为钟南山那样的医生。A. writers作家；B. engineers工程师;C. doctors医生；D.cleaners清洁工。根据like Zhong Nanshan”可知，此处表示想成为医生。应选C。48 The boy gives the policeman a of what happened in the accident.A. descriptionB

23、. describee. descriptiveD. descriptively答案：A解析：考查词义辨析。句意：那个男孩向警察描述了事故发生的经过。A.description描述，词性为名词；B.describe 描述，词性为动词；C.descriptive描写的；表达的；为形容词；D.descriptively表达地，为副词。结合题干设 空前的冠词，所以此处要用名词。应选A。49、Last week his performance secured him the for Actor of the Year at the Hollywood Film Festival.A. rewardB.

24、 prizeC. awardD. bonus答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：上周，他的表演为他赢得了好莱坞电影节的年度最正确男演员奖。reward报酬；奖励；prize”奖金；award”奖；奖品；bonus额夕卜津贴；红利，根据下文“for Actor of the Year at theHollywood Film Festival可知，此处说的是好莱坞电影节的年度最正确男演员奖，应选CoThanks to the of the experienced worker, we completed the difficult task on time.A. potentialB. bon

25、usC. bugD. guidance答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:在经验丰富的工人的指导下，我们按时完成了艰巨的任务。A.potential潜力；16B.bonus奖金;C.bug故障；D.guidance指导。结合句意中,经验丰富的工人,可知guidance指导，符合句意,应选择D项。51 Try to keep a between work and relaxation.A. healthB. balanceC. fitD. balanced答案：B解析：考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：努力在工作和休闲之间保持平衡。A.health健康；B.balance平衡；C.fit健康的;

26、D.balanced平衡的。a后跟名词作宾语,由between work and relaxation可知，句子说“努力在工作和 休闲之间保持平衡，因此空格处是“平衡，即balance, keep a balance betweenand是固定短语，意为在和之间保持平衡，应选B。52、Is money the of a happy life?A. basisesB. basicC. basisD. based答案：c解析：考查名词。句意：金钱是幸福生活的基础吗？ A. basises名词，basis的复数形式，意为基础；B.basic形容词, 意为基本的；基础的;C.basis名词，意为基础；

27、D. based形容词，意为在居住（或工作）；基地（或 总部）在；为基础的。the basis of的基础，用名词的单数形式。应选C。53、According to the picture, you can go there.A. when you want to have a rest17B. when you want to buy somethingwhen you want something to drink答案：A解析：考查名词。句意：根据图片，你可以去那里。图片中文字意思：厕所、休息室。A.当你想休息时；B. 当你想买东西时；C.当你想喝点东西时。可知当你想休息时，你可以去那里。

28、应选A。54 The government has announced a new to help lower the greenhouse gas emissions.A. advisorB. budgetC. initiativeD. perspective答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：政府宣布了一项新举措，以帮助减少温室气体的排放。A. advisor顾问；B. budget 预算；C. initiative 建议；新方案；D. perspective 态度。根据announced及to help lower the greenhouse gas emissions可知，init

29、iative”建议；新方案”符合句意。应选C。55 It was discovered that children dislike watching their siblings fight. In fact, they respond to by supportingone sibling and pushing the other.A. commentsB. reflectionsC. argumentsD. occasions答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们发现孩子们不喜欢看兄弟姐妹打架。事实上，他们对争吵的反响是支持兄弟 姐妹中的一个，并且排挤另一个。A. comments评

30、论；B. reflections反思，反射；C.arguments争吵；D.occasions场合，机会。根据前文fight和句意可知，此处指对争吵的反响。应选C项。184、 Soldiers who are fighting together often have a strong feeling of.A. brotherhoodB. brotherC. brothersD. brotherly答案：A解析：考查名词。句意：一起作战的士兵通常有强烈的兄弟情谊。A. brotherhood兄弟情谊；B.brother兄弟；C.brothers 兄弟（复数）;D. brotherly 兄弟的。

31、根据上文“Soldiers who are fighting together（一起作战的士兵）可知, 一起作战的士兵会有强烈的兄弟情谊，所以此处指兄弟情谊，应用名词brotherhood,应选A。5、While most of us are only too ready to others the cold wind of, we are somehow reluctant togive our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.A. respond to.conflicts, apply to .criticismC. react to.threatD

32、. reply to.superiority答案：B解析：考查动词短语辨析和名词词义辨析。句意：我们大多数人只愿意把批评的冷风施加到别人身上，但不知何故 却不愿意把赞美的温暖阳光给予我们的同伴。A. respond to对作出回应，conflict冲突，矛盾；B. apply to 把应用到，把施加到，criticism批评;C. react to对作出反映,threat威胁;D.reply to对作 出回复，superiority优越，优势。根据while可知，前后两句表示转折关系。所以，the cold wind of 和第二句话中的give our fellows the warm su

33、nshine of praise正好相反。和 praise 相反的是“批评（criticism）”。 所以应该选Bo apply sth. to sb.意为“将应用到，将施加到。该处指apply the cold wind of criticism to others（将批评的冷风施加到别人身上，即：批评别人）。应选B。6、Lily, why dont join us for camping?Thank you, Jack. Its a very kind, but I have to finish my task.A. decisionB. promiseC. choiceD. offer答

34、案：D解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一莉莉，为什么不和我们一起露营呢？一谢谢，杰克。这是一个很好的提议，但 我必须完成我的任务。A.decision决定；B.promise允诺；C.choice选择；D.offer提议。根据上文“Lily, why dont join us for camping?”,可知这时一个提议,应选 DoThe murder is still under.A. attempt, investigatingB. attempted, investigatingC. attempted, investigationD. attempting, investigation

35、答案：c解析：考查形容词和名词。句意：这起谋杀未遂事件仍在调查中。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词murder, attempt的形容词是attempted,意为未遂的,under后跟名词作宾语,investigate的名词是investigation, under investigation 意为“在调查中，因此第一空是 attempted,第二空是 investigation,应选 C。7、 The Chinese volleyball team won the World Cup victory, which was beyond our wildest.A. inspirations.

36、expectationsC. invitationsD. cooperation答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国排球队赢得了世界杯的胜利，这大大超出我们的预料。A. inspiration灵感；B. expectations期望；预料;C.invitations邀请;D.cooperation合作。根据句意可知，中国排球队赢得世界杯的 胜利，所以这出乎我们的意料beyond ones expectation表示超出某人的预料”，应选B。9、The motor industry declares that electric cars will become mainstream （主流

37、）over the next.A. entranceB. decadeC. committeeD. feedback答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：汽车工业宣称电动汽车将在未来十年成为主流。A. entrance入口； B. decade十年; C. committee委员会；D. feedback反响。根据句意以及前文over the next可知，此处指“在未来十年。应选B 项。10 In a small wooded valley two towns, both set in beautiful.A. lies; surroundingB. lie; surroundingsC.

38、lay; surroundingD. did lie; surroundings答案：B解析：考查倒装句，时态和名词。句意：在一个树木繁茂的小山谷里有两个城镇，都坐落在美丽的环境中。分析句 子可知，表示方位的介副词短语置于句首，句子使用全部倒装，根据句意用一般现在时，lie位于，lay是lie 的过去式，故排除C、D项，主语是two towns,是复数，故谓语动词用复数，surrounding周围的，是形容 词，surroundings环境是名词,形容词beautiful修饰名词surroundings作介词宾语,应选B。11 The coach has in his athletes.A.

39、confidenceB. competenceC. convenienceD. expectation答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：教练对他的运发动有信心。A.confidence信心；B petence能力；C.convenience 方便；D.expectation期望。由The coach和his athletes可知,句子表示“教练对他的运发动有信心，have confidence in sb.是固定短语，意为对某人有信心，应选A。12 People in this country who have no job can get money from, but it isnt

40、much to live on.A. welfareB. priceC. prizeD. salary答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个国家里，失业者可以从社会福利中得到钱，但靠这点钱生活并不算多。A.4welfare （政府给予的）福利；B. price价格；C.prize奖赏；D. salary工资。根据前文who have no job”可知, 因为是没有工作的人，由此可知，此处需用名词welfare,表示从社会福利中得到钱。应选A。13、We have a lot of for the single mother, for she had to bring up the ch

41、ildren on her own.A. confidenceB. ambitionC. courageD. sympathy答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们很同情这个单亲妈妈，因为她必须单独抚养孩子。A. confidence信心；B.ambition 抱负;C. courage 勇气；D.sympathy 同情。根据后文“for she had to bring up the children on her own （因为她必须单独抚养孩子）可知，此处表示我们同情她。应选D。14、Music should be taught on a regular basis in schoo

42、ls because of the it can bring to the development ofchildrens brains.A. systemsB. prioritiesC. barriersD. benefits答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：学校应该定期教授音乐，因为音乐对儿童大脑的发育有好处。A. systems体系，系 统；B. priorities 优先事项；C. barriers 障碍；D. benefits 好处。根据Music should be taught on a regular basis in schools推知，音乐对儿童大脑的开展是有好处的。应

43、选D。小提示：15 My brother is a policeman.划线成分是A.主语B.谓语C.宾语D.表语答案：D解析：考查句子成分。句意：我的哥哥是一名警察。句子中，my brother为主语，is为系动词，a policeman在系动词后作表语。应选D。16、Nowadays, when you enter a shopping mall or bank, the staff there will take your temperature at the entrance as a matter of.A. contactB. routineC. virtueD. manners答

44、案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，当你进入购物商场或者银行时，员工会在入口按照惯例给你量体温。A.contact联系；B. routine惯例，常规;C.virtue道德,美德；D.manners礼貌。根据句子分析可知,此处表示 “按照惯例，作为例行公事”,表达为as a matter of routine。应选B。小提示：17 Though David received the from the school basketball team, he didn/t give up his dream andcontinued practicing hard.A. interaction

45、B. companionshipC. cooperationD. rejection答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然大卫遭到了学校篮球队的拒绝，但他并没有放弃自己的梦想，并继续努力练 习。A. interaction互动;B panionship友谊；C.cooperation合作；D. rejection拒绝。根据上下文的转折 关系，可知大卫遭到了学校篮球队的拒绝，拒绝（rejection）符合语境和句意，应选D。18、 The only thing he listened to while up was Jazz music, for which he showed a part

46、icular.A. grew; preferences, was growing; interestC. grown; interestD. growing; preference答案：D解析：考查省略和名词词义辨析。句意：在他成长的过程中，他听的唯一的音乐就是爵士乐，因此他对爵士乐有特 殊的偏爱。while引导时间状语从句时，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，那么从句的主语和be动词都可 以省略，所以 while （he was） growing。preference （爱好，偏爱的事物）；interest （兴趣）。show a preference （表 现出偏爱）。根据The only

47、thing he listened to while up was Jazz music可知，他对爵士乐有特殊的偏爱。应选D。19 一 Sir, did you enjoy your stay in our?Yes, I slept well and I like the breakfast.A. hotelB. schoolC. factoryD. company答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一先生，您在我们酒店过得愉快吗？ 一是的，我睡得很好，我喜欢早餐。A.hotel 宾馆；B.school 学校;C.factory 工厂;D pany 公司。根据 I slept well and I like the breakfast.”可知，住的是 宾馆。应选A项。20、 It took all day to transport the furniture to the new.A. debateB. survivalC. civilizationD. apartment答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：把家具运到新公寓花了一整天的时间。A. debate辩论；B. survival生存；C.civilization文明；D.apartment公寓。根据空前the furniture 可知，空处需用名词