20202021学年高中英语Unit4GlobalwarmingSectionⅢGrammar习题含解析新人教版选修6.docx

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1、Unit 4Global warming主题语境:人与自然一一环境保护Section III- Grammar课后篇巩固提升一、对画线局部进行强调. He began his medical research after he got financial help.答案|lt was after he got financial help that he began his medical research.1 .He didn t mention his own plan until the end of the letter.答案 It was not until the end of t

2、he letter that he mentioned his own plan.2 .Why didn t you attend the birthday party of your best friend?答案 Why was it that you didn t attend the birthday party of your best friend?3 .The culture,rather than the language, made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.答案 It was the cult

3、ure, rather than the language, that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.二、阅读理解Finding fish is going to get harder as climate change continues to heat the world? s oceans. A new study finds that warming seas over the past 80 years have reduced the sustainable catch of 124 spec

4、ies of fish and shellfish. A sustainable catch refers to the amount that can be harvested without doing long-term damage to the health of populations of some species.Overfishing has made that decline worse, researchers say. Overfishing refers to catching so many fish that the size of the population

5、falls. In some parts of the world,such as the heavily fished Sea of Japan, the decrease is as high as 35 percent. That? s a loss of more than one in every three fish.Researchers examined changes in 235 populations of fish and shellfish between 1930 and 2010. Those fish populations spread far apart a

6、cross 38 ocean regions. Temperature changes vary from one ocean site to another. But on average over that time, Earth? s sea-surface temperatures have risen by about half a degree Celsius.On average, that warming has caused the sustainable catch to drop by 4. 1 percent,the study found.About 8 percen

7、t of the fish and shellfish populations the team studied saw losses as a result of the ocean warming. However, about 4 percent of some populations increased. That? s because certain species have thrived in warmer waters. One example is a kind of black sea fish. It lives along the northeastern L.S. c

8、oast. As warming continues,these fish will reproduce faster until they reach their limit.About 3. 2 billion people worldwide rely on seafood as a source of food. That means it s urgent for commercial fishing fleets and regulators to consider how climate change is affecting the health of all of those

9、 fish in the sea.1. What does the new study discover?A. Overfishing is to blame for fish health.B. Warming seas cause fewer fish and shellfish.C. Seafood matters to people, s health worldwide.D. The living regions of fish and shellfish are different.解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 A new study finds that warming s

10、eas over the past 80 years have reduced the sustainable catch of 124 species of fish and shellfish. ” 可知,新的研究发现,海水升温导致鱼类和水生有壳动物减少。应选B项。2. What does the underlined word “thrived“ in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Survived narrowly.B. Disappeared soon.C. Decreased sharply.D.Developed quickly.解析 词义猜想题。根据画

11、线词下文 One example. As warming continues, these fish will reproduce faster until they reach their limit. ”可知,随着升温继续，这些鱼将快速繁 殖直到它们的极限，据此可推知，画线词的含义与“reproduce faster”相近，应选D项。3. What do we know about species of fish and shellfish?A. About 8 percent of them suffered from a great loss.B.About 35 percent of

12、 them survived in the Sea of Japan.C.About 3.2 billion species have been saved up to now.D.About 80 species have died out because of warming seas.Ha解析细节理解题。根据第四段第二句About 8 percent of the fish and shellfish populations the team studied saw losses as a result of the ocean warming. ” 可矢口, 大约8%的鱼类和水生有壳动

13、物数量上遭受了重大损失。应选A项。根据第二段第三句In some parts. . . the decrease is as high as 35 percent. v 可知，B 项表述错误；根据第五段第一句 “About 3. 2 billion people worldwide rely on seafood as a source of food. “ 可知,C 项表述错误;文章没有提到D项所表述的内容。4. From which is the text probably taken?A.A cooking guide.B. A science magazine.C.A news rev

14、iew.D. A health brochure.|b画推理判断题。通读全文可知，一项最新研究显示，随着海洋变暖，鱼类和水生有壳动物的 数量正在减少。这在一定程度上影响了渔业的产量和这些生物的健康。由此可推知，本文属于 科学类文章。应选B项。三、七选五阅读理解Like most people,your natural instinct （本能）is probably to help others when you can. 1 Whether you re refusing an invitation to a party or turning down a new project at wo

15、rk, you can say no while still being respectful. Whatever the situation is, be clear, polite and firm when saying no.Express your thanks. 2 If you have to turn someone down, express your thanks that they thought of you in the first place.You could say something like, uThanks for considering me respo

16、nsible enough to watch your kids.F m sorry that I m busy that evening. ”Think before you speak. If you say no immediately, it might seem like you didn t even consider the request. In order to be respectful, take a moment to think about your answer一even if you already know what it is going to be. 3Gi

17、ve a clear answer. Saying no respectfully shows that you re honest and direct. 4 If you can t help, say no. If someone is asking you on a date and you don t want to go, make that clear.5 You can say no without completely turning down the request.By setting boundaries, you can make it clear exactly w

18、hat you can do and what you are willing to do. For example, you could say, T m not free for dinner, but I would be coming for a quick drink after work. ” A. Find a way to compromise.B. Take a pause, and then kindly say no.C. But sometimes, you just need to say no.D. ItJ s strange to feel guilty for

19、turning someone down.E. Make it clear that you sincerely appreciate being asked.F. If you feel it necessary, you can also provide a reason for your answer.G. Do not give people false hope that you will be able to satisfy their request. 答案5 CEBGA 四、完形填空（2019 全国 I ）Every year about 40, 000 people atte

20、mpt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They with them lots of waste. The 2 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers（冰HI） are disappearing, changing the 3 of Kilimanjaro.Hearing these stories,F m 4 about the place一other destinations are described as “purer” natural experi

21、ences.However, I soon 5 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 6 among tons of rubbish. I find a 7 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 8 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 9 .The best of a K

22、ilimanjaro 10 , in my opinion, isn, t reaching the top. Mountains are 11 as spiritual places by many cultures.This 12 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 13 go through five ecosystems （生态系统）in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, 14 lands

23、 of low growing plants. Further up,the weather 15 -low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 16 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland 17 :gravel （砾石），stones and rocks. 18 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 19 snow and t

24、he glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro 20 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?I found the opposite to be true.1. A. keepB. mixC.connect D.bring画由上文“每年大约有四万人试图攀爬乞力马扎罗山”和下文“或许会破坏它的美感”可 知，众多的登山者带来了许多垃圾。bring with “带来”。应选D项。2. A.stori

25、esB. buildingsC.crowdsD.reporters|答案|c画由上文可知，每年约四万人攀爬乞力马扎罗山，拥挤的人群（及所带来的垃圾）或许会影响 它的美感。crowds “拥挤的人群”。应选C项。3. A. positionB. ageC. faceD. name画由上文可知，此处表示冰川正在消融，改变着乞力马扎罗山的面貌。face “面 貌”；position “位置；age 年龄；name 名字”。应选C项。4. A.silentB.skepticalC. seriousD.crazy画根据上文讲述的乞力马扎罗山的气候环境变化和下文的“其他旅游景点被描述得更加纯 净天然”可知

26、，此处意为听完这些故事，“我”对乞力马扎罗山的自然美景持怀疑态度。skeptical “怀疑的；silent “沉默的；serious “严肃的；crazy “疯狂的。应选B项。5. A.discoverB. argueC.decideD. advocate画根据句首However表示转折可知，与前面的描述不同，作者不久发现了乞力马扎罗山的美， 应选 A 项。discover 发现；argue “争论”；decide “决定”；advocate “拥护”。6. A. equipment B. grassC. campsD. stones画此处指的是自从乞力马扎罗山上营地周围成吨垃圾的报道后，情

27、况发生了许多变化。下文 又接着讲述作者在营地和道路上看到了厕所，由此推知,上文中提到的报道指的是以前的营地 是坐落在垃圾堆中的，现在干净了许多。camp “营地”；equipment ”装备；grass “草”；stone “石头”。应选C项。7. A. remoteB. quietC. tallD. clean|d画本句提到作者在营地和道路旁边看到了许多厕所，与在报道中出现的垃圾堆中的营地截 然不同，干净卫生。应选D项。8. A. newB. specialC. significant D. necessary画前文提到了作者担忧乞力马扎罗山面临的严峻的环境问题会毁坏它在人们心目中的美的 形

28、象。此处指的是面临的环境考验是很重要的(significant)。应选C项。9. A.paying off B.spreading out C.blowing up D.fading away ggA画本句but表示转折关系，虽然环境面临着考验,坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局做出的努力似乎 挺奏效。pay off ”成功;奏效;到达目的；spread out ”展开;铺开“；blow up “爆炸；fade away “逐渐消失”。应选A项。10. A. atmosphere B. experienceC. experiment D.sight|b4 purer? natural4 purer? na

29、tural解析由上文第二段中的other destinations are described as experiences. v可知此空填experience。句意：在我看来,攀登乞力马扎罗山的最正确体验并不仅仅在于到达顶峰。11. A.studied B.observedC.explored D. regardedD)解理由下文可知，乞力马扎罗山的很多山脉被许多文化视为精神家园。be regarded as.“被 视为”。应选I)项。12. A. viewC. reasonB. qualityD.purpose步解释上句内容,为什么乞力马扎罗山的很多山脉被许多文化视为精神家园。随 着人们在

30、几千米的空间内穿过五种生态系统，这种“观点”尤其明显。应选A项。13. A. scientists B. climbersC. locals D.officials|b画此处指攀登者可以在几千米的空间内穿过五种生态系统。应选B项。climber 攀登 者；scientist “科学家”；local “当地人，本地人；official “官员”。14. A. holding on toB. going back toC. living up to D.giving way to|d画上文讲到山脚处是雨林,它在3 000米的地方突然结束。“让位”给矮生植物。应选D项。 give way to ”给

31、让位”；hold on to “坚持；go back to “返回”；live up to “到达”。15 .A.changes B.clearsC.improves D.permits|a画由上文可知,有五种生态系统,所以再往上气候又有变化。应选A项。16 .A. matchB.imagineC. countD. add|答案|c画由上文可知,低云压山，茂密的草丛覆盖着山腰,本句那么为从作者所站之处望去可以数到 12种浓淡深浅的绿色。应选C项。17 . A. villageB. desertC. roadD. lake画此处指的是4 000米以上为高原沙漠环境。根据下文的砾石、石头和岩石可知

32、为类沙漠 环境的描述。desert “沙漠”；village “村庄”；road “道路”；lake “湖泊”。应选B项。 18.A.Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally解近由上文可知，作者已经讲了四种生态系统:rainforest, low growing plants, thick grass, highland desert,还有最后的也是最冷的arctic-like zone(类北极地带),应选D项。 19.A.permanent B.little C.freshD.artificial画本句意为“类北极地带上方有永久的积雪和冰川

33、，但它们可能不久后会融化”。 permanent “永久的；little “小的；fresh “新鲜的；artificial “人造的。应选 A 项。 20.A.enjoyB.deserveC. saveD. acquire画文章最后作者发出感慨:一个人满为患，破坏了原有宁静的乞力马扎罗山还能名副其实 吗？ “我”发现恰恰相反。应选B项。五、语篇填空Household garbage sorting and recycling have become a hot topic in Shanghai because of China s first compulsory garbage-sepa

34、ration law every household and institution shall classify waste into four 2 (category). Those who fail to sort garbage may 3 (fine) up to 200 yuan.Previously, everything went into one bin, so this change has made many people very 4 (worry), who said they were struggling to master the details quickly

35、.Now thanks to the efforts of 5 number of young programmers, discovering the proper classification for each piece of household waste has become as simple as taking a photo 6 calling someone using your smartphone.They have applied speech and image recognition technologies 7 apps and other smartphone

36、services to guide Shanghai residents through the garbage-separation rules.Most of the apps and services, which 8 (begin) springing up last month in app stores, on messaging tool WeChat and mobile payment service Alipay, allow users to type in the name of waste 9 (identify) which category it belongs

37、to. Many apps also use speech and image recognition to make the process much easier, but their creators say they will disappear in time with the Chinese 10 (become) more accustomed to the rules.答案 1. that 2. categories 3. be fined 4. worried 5. a6. or 7. to 8. began 9.to identify 10. becoming六、选词创境运

38、用以下词汇，自己创设一个语境,形成一个小语段。state, tendency, on the whole, on behalf of, put up with, so long as, advocate, make contributions to参考范文I think the conference was a great success on the whole. The lecture that Mr. Brown gave on behalf of his country was well received. He stated that the temperature had the

39、tendency to go up and that it is going up by 1 on average every five years. He added that we wouldn t put up with polluting our environment.He advocated that the government should punish pollution. He believes that we 11 have a bluer sky and cleaner rivers so long as we make contributions to our environment.