完形填空解题技巧讲解课件.ppt

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1、Cloze TestSomeone says,“Time is money.”But I think time is _even more_1_ important than money.Why?Because when money is spent,we can get it back.However,when time is2 gone itll never3 return.Thats 4 whywe mustnt waste time.It goes without saying that the5 time is usually limited.Even a second is ver

2、y important.We should make full use of our time to do6_something_useful.But it is a pity that there are a lot of people who do not know the importance of time.They spent their limited time smoking,drinking and_7 playing.They do not know that wasting time means wasting part of their own_8 life.In a w

3、ord,we should save time.We shouldnt 9 leave todays work for tomorrow.Remember we have no time to10 lose.The word“plastic”comes from the Greek word“Platicos”and is used to describe_1 something_which can be easily shaped.The history of plastics is longer than you might_2 think_.In fact _3the first_ ma

4、nmade plastics ever to appear on the market was made over a hundred years ago.It was called“celluloid(赛璐璐赛璐璐)”.It was discovered by both an Englishman and an American in the same year._4But_it was the Americans who first produced it on a large scale during the year 1860.Everybody was _5_excited by t

5、his new material which could be moulded(用模子做用模子做)into shapes and _6was_so cheap to buy.Poor young men _7 working_in cities with lots of smoke and dirt were_8able_ to buy white celluloid collars(领子领子).The collars were hard and uncomfortable.But they did not have to be sent to wash.The poor young men

6、_9could_ rub them clean every evening with soap and water!Poor mothers,_10_who had not been able to afford playthings _11_for their children,were now able to buy them playthings _12_made of celluloid.But celluloid had one very serious fault.It caught fire very easily.In fact it burned even more quic

7、kly than wood or cloth.There were many terrible accidents,particularly _13_ among children.For years scientists worked hard to find a better plastic material than celluloid.They had _14_ little success.Then in 1932 an American scientist called Baekeland produced a hard plastic material which did not

8、 burn._15It_ became known _16as_ bakelite(酚醛塑料酚醛塑料).Other plastic materials like bakelite were _17_ alsoproduced.They _18_ were usedto make electrical fittings and plates and cups.Poor people liked them because they were both cheap and safe,but rich people _19_ disliked them because they were cheap,

9、and because they could only be made _20in _dark colours.As a child，I was truly afraid of the dark and of getting lost；these fears were very real and caused me some uncomfortable moments.Maybe it was the strange _1_way things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that _2_frightened me so mu

10、ch.There was never total _3_darkness_，but a streetlight or passing car lights made clothes hang over a chair take on the _4_shape_ of a wild animal.Out of the corner of my_5_eye_，I saw the curtains seem to move when there was no _6_wind_.A tiny sound in the floor would seem a hundred times louder th

11、an that run in the daylight.My_7_ imagination_ would wild，and my heart would beat fast.I would lie very still so that the“enemy”would not discover me.Another of my childhood fears was that I would get lost，_8_especially_ on the way home from school.Every morning I got on the school bus right near my

12、 homethat was no _9_ problem_.After school，though，when all the buses were _10_lined_ up along the street，I was afraid that Id get on the wrong one and be taken to some _11_ neighborhood.On school or family trip to a park or a museum，I wouldnt _12_ the leaders out of my sight.Perhaps one of the worst

13、 fears of all I had as a child was that of not being liked or _13_ by others.Being popular was so important to me then，and the fear of not being liked was a _14_ one.One of the processes(过程过程)of growing up is being able to _15_ and overcome our fears.Understanding the things that frightened us as ch

14、ildren helps us achieve greater success later in life.（一）完形填空题的题型特点（一）完形填空题的题型特点1.首句完整首句完整 “完形填空完形填空”所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空，目的是让考生迅速进入主题，熟悉语言环境，建立正空，目的是让考生迅速进入主题，熟悉语言环境，建立正确的思维导向。确的思维导向。2.语境选择语境选择 近几年的高考完形填空题主要考查考生对近几年的高考完形填空题主要考查考生对上下文的理上下文的理解解，要求考生通过，要求考生通过语境语境来作出选择。来作出选择。“语境能力型语境能力型”

15、试试题具有相当难度，因为完形填空所给的四个选项往往在语题具有相当难度，因为完形填空所给的四个选项往往在语法方面都能成立，错误选项多半可以和空前、空后文字形法方面都能成立，错误选项多半可以和空前、空后文字形成某种搭配，极具干扰和迷惑作用。做完形填空题，需要成某种搭配，极具干扰和迷惑作用。做完形填空题，需要我们我们立足语篇环境，树立全局观念立足语篇环境，树立全局观念，瞻前顾后，连贯思维，瞻前顾后，连贯思维，从语境角度来选择答案从语境角度来选择答案。例如：例如：(1)Japan is an island country and its _ go all over Japan.(2)Japan is

16、an island country and its_ go all over the Pacific looking for fish to catch.(3)Japan is an island country and its _ go over the Pacific looking for the fish groups.(4)Japan is an island country and its_ go on the Pacific looking for the missing people.(5)Japan is an island country and its_ go all o

17、ver Japan,sending people to and from work.选择项：选择项：A.fishing boats B.lifeboats C.planes D.trains 例如：例如：(1)Japan is an island country and its _ go all over Japan.(2)Japan is an island country and its_ go all over the Pacific looking for fish to catch.(3)Japan is an island country and its _ go over the

18、 Pacific looking for the fish groups.(4)Japan is an island country and its_ go on the Pacific looking for the missing people.(5)Japan is an island country and its_ go all over Japan,sending people to and from work.选择项：选择项：A.fishing boats B.lifeboats C.planes D.trains A,B,C,DACB D 例例(1)无语境限制，无语境限制，A,

19、B,C,D皆可。皆可。例例(2)只有只有fishing boats能够到太平洋捕鱼，故选能够到太平洋捕鱼，故选A。例例(3)只有只有 planes 才能飞在太平洋的上空寻找鱼群，选才能飞在太平洋的上空寻找鱼群，选C。例例(4)在太平洋上寻找失踪人员的应是在太平洋上寻找失踪人员的应是lifeboats,选选B。例例(5).接送人们上下班的不会是接送人们上下班的不会是fishing boats 和和lifeboats,用用planes也有也有 违常理，故选违常理，故选 D。3.动名为主动名为主 完形填空所给的选项一般是同一词类，或属同一范完形填空所给的选项一般是同一词类，或属同一范畴。测试点往往集

20、中于某些词类。高考完形填空题考查畴。测试点往往集中于某些词类。高考完形填空题考查动词（动词（58个）、名词（个）、名词（46个）、然后是形容词，副个）、然后是形容词，副词等。词等。而介词、连词、冠词等虚词则相对考得较少。这而介词、连词、冠词等虚词则相对考得较少。这是因为现在的完形填空主要考察语境，而在通常情况下是因为现在的完形填空主要考察语境，而在通常情况下只有只有实词实词才能较好地体现语境。才能较好地体现语境。4.难处暗示难处暗示 难选之处前后多有暗示。这种难选之处前后多有暗示。这种暗示多为后面暗示前暗示多为后面暗示前面面，也就是说前面的填空从当时的情况来看，或是线索，也就是说前面的填空从当

21、时的情况来看，或是线索不清，或是语境不明，无法填出，但只要我们不清，或是语境不明，无法填出，但只要我们继续往下继续往下读读，我们就会发现此空在后面的某个地方有暗示。，我们就会发现此空在后面的某个地方有暗示。5.选材适中选材适中 近几年来的高考完型填空题材多为具有一定故近几年来的高考完型填空题材多为具有一定故事情节的记叙文或具有一定哲理和教育意义，夹叙事情节的记叙文或具有一定哲理和教育意义，夹叙夹议，以叙为主的议论文。词数在夹议，以叙为主的议论文。词数在200-300之间。之间。设空距离为设空距离为10个词左右。短文内容结构严谨，逻辑个词左右。短文内容结构严谨，逻辑性强，层次分明。性强，层次分明

22、。材料难度与高三教材相当材料难度与高三教材相当，所选，所选短文的英语语言符合高三学生的实际水平。短文的英语语言符合高三学生的实际水平。(二二)完型填空题解题步骤完型填空题解题步骤1.细读首句，预测主题细读首句，预测主题“完形填空”所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空，目的是让考生迅速进入主题，建立正确的思维导向。同时也不可忽视尾句前后呼应的作用。2.通读全文，试选答案通读全文，试选答案根据全文大意，以全文为背景，把所给四个选项分别套入空格所在的句子中试填，初步完形空格。试填选项时，一定要注意在语境理解上下功夫，要抓住上下文的内容联系和逻辑关系。在阅读全文时，不要忽略连接词、代词、插入语、转折语

23、等的作用。因为这些词往往是改变语境的关键词，具有因果、让步、递进、转折、指代、列举、承上启下的特殊功能。如：如：but,yet,however,whereas,while 等表示转折或对等表示转折或对比；比；besides,moreover,what is more等表示信息增加等表示信息增加;so,so that,therefore,as a result等表示推理结果。等表示推理结果。4.细读全文，推敲难题细读全文，推敲难题部分空格答案还不明朗。做到这一步，我们已能将短文中部分空格答案还不明朗。做到这一步，我们已能将短文中被挖去的词被挖去的词“复位复位”了一些，对语境的了解更清晰，更准了一

24、些，对语境的了解更清晰，更准确了。我们要充分利用这一有利条件，联系上下文意，根确了。我们要充分利用这一有利条件，联系上下文意，根据常识，运用逻辑推理，结合语境和已选答案所提供的信据常识，运用逻辑推理，结合语境和已选答案所提供的信息，对候选项再次进行仔细推敲，缜密考虑，选出最佳答息，对候选项再次进行仔细推敲，缜密考虑，选出最佳答案。案。若有些答案实在难以确定，可采用若有些答案实在难以确定，可采用“排除法排除法”，首先首先排除在排除在语法语法或内容上明显不符合要求的答案，然后再比较、或内容上明显不符合要求的答案，然后再比较、定夺。可按空格所在位置，从定夺。可按空格所在位置，从词语搭配、上下文意、习

25、惯词语搭配、上下文意、习惯用法、词义辨析和语法结构等方面用法、词义辨析和语法结构等方面，耐心细致地逐项分析，耐心细致地逐项分析，以求对应。可先读所要填词的句子，复读上一句，兼顾下以求对应。可先读所要填词的句子，复读上一句，兼顾下一句，即一句，即“瞻前顾后瞻前顾后”，确保答案的准确无误，确保答案的准确无误 （三）完型填空题实用解题技巧（三）完型填空题实用解题技巧 实用技巧一：实用技巧一：寻找关键信息词来选择答案寻找关键信息词来选择答案 在一篇文章中，有时就一个单句而言，很难确定合适的答案，但若继续下去，就会发现与问题有关的信息词，这些词往往直接或间接地提出或暗示我们所寻找的答案。例例1：Norm

26、an Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business.He enjoyed his _1_ and traveling.1.A.time B.holiday C.sleep D.work 例例1：Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business.He enjoyed his _1_ and tr

27、aveling.1.A.time B.holiday C.sleep D.work D【分析和说明】本题较难。误选A的学生较多，很多学生认为他在国外旅游，因此认为他是玩得很愉快。选错的主要原因是没认真审题，只注重单句的意思，而没注意前句给出的提示。【解答】事实上在此句中，前面提到过on business，而不是指他是纯粹的旅游，因此应该与work有关。正确答案为D。只有D项可以同时与traveling作enjoyed的宾语。Then,after returning to the United States from a _2_ trip to the Union of Soviet Socia

28、list Republic(USSR),Mr.Cousins got sick.Because he had pushed his body to the limit of its strength on the trip,a change began to take place _ 3_ him.The material between his bones became weak.2.A.boring B.tiring C.dangerousD.pleasant3.A.fromB.around C.inside D.beside Then,after returning to the Uni

29、ted States from a _2_ trip to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic(USSR),Mr.Cousins got sick.Because he had pushed his body to the limit of its strength on the trip,a change began to take place _ 3_ him.The material between his bones became weak.2.A.boring B.tiring C.dangerousD.pleasant3.A.fromB.a

30、roundC.insideD.besideBC【分析和说明分析和说明】第第2题：咋一看，题：咋一看，A，B，D项都可选，如项都可选，如果第一句中学生认为是旅游玩得很愉快，那么选果第一句中学生认为是旅游玩得很愉快，那么选D项的就项的就更多。句中说在此之后，更多。句中说在此之后，Mr.Cousins got sick病倒了病倒了,这是关键的信息词。因此这是一个这是关键的信息词。因此这是一个tiring trip；第；第3题：题：不认真看题，那么很容易选不认真看题，那么很容易选B，以为是他身边发生的事。，以为是他身边发生的事。跟第二题一样，读后句就知道，这里的跟第二题一样，读后句就知道，这里的a c

31、hange只能是只能是他身体内部的变化。因为文中提到他身体内部的变化。因为文中提到The material between his bones became。C。An old lion _ in its cave and pretended to be ill,when some animals came to visit it,the lion killed and ate them.A.sleptB.lay C.lying D.felt sick例例2：An old lion _ in its cave and pretended to be ill,when some animals c

32、ame to visit it,the lion killed and ate them.A.sleptB.lay C.lying D.felt sickB【分析和说明分析和说明】如果仅以如果仅以“主语后面应该跟谓语动词主语后面应该跟谓语动词”这一这一语法规则去分析，显然语法规则去分析，显然A，B和和D都对。但是文中的都对。但是文中的“killed and ate them”说明狮子并未睡觉，而是在捕食或者伺机捕说明狮子并未睡觉，而是在捕食或者伺机捕杀前来探望的动物，从而否定了杀前来探望的动物，从而否定了A。通过。通过“pretended to be ill”这一信息又证实了这一信息又证实了“

33、狮子并未生病狮子并未生病”这一事实，所以又否这一事实，所以又否定了定了D。因此只有。因此只有B为正确答案。为正确答案。lay虽表示虽表示“卧着卧着”，却有，却有“其大脑清醒其大脑清醒”的含义，暗求着狮子随时会突然跃起，扑向的含义，暗求着狮子随时会突然跃起，扑向靠近它的动物。靠近它的动物。【解答解答】答案为答案为B。实用技巧二：根据词的固定搭配和句型来选择答案实用技巧二：根据词的固定搭配和句型来选择答案词的固定搭配，特别是动词的搭配题是完形填空测试的词的固定搭配，特别是动词的搭配题是完形填空测试的重点。这种情况命题方式常见的有两种：重点。这种情况命题方式常见的有两种：一是将固定搭一是将固定搭配中

34、的某个词删去，二是在原来的搭配结构中插入较长配中的某个词删去，二是在原来的搭配结构中插入较长的文字结构，造成搭配关系的松散现象的文字结构，造成搭配关系的松散现象。如：如：A persons feeling depends,in a sense,according to Dr.Green,_the climate.如果学生知如果学生知道道according to Dr.Green是插入语，是插入语，depend on动词动词词组被故意拆开的话，答案就非常容易了。词组被故意拆开的话，答案就非常容易了。例例1：It will not be _ the teachers and the student

35、s meet again.A.before long B.far awayC.long before D.some long例例1：It will not be _ the teachers and the students meet again.A.before long B.far awayC.long before D.some long【分析和说明分析和说明】“before long”为固定搭配，很多为固定搭配，很多学生认为这个答案是对的。但如果再仔细想想就学生认为这个答案是对的。但如果再仔细想想就会知道它是一个副词词组，在句中往往直接用作会知道它是一个副词词组，在句中往往直接用作状语

36、，而后不跟从句。所以做题时即使是固定搭状语，而后不跟从句。所以做题时即使是固定搭配或短语，也不能死搬硬套，要具体情况具体分配或短语，也不能死搬硬套，要具体情况具体分析。析。【解答解答】在在“long before”句式中，句式中，before为连词，为连词，可以在后面跟句子，可以在后面跟句子，long在此句中是表时间的一在此句中是表时间的一种说法。种说法。C 实用技巧三：用比较判断法来选择答案实用技巧三：用比较判断法来选择答案 有时，在一个段落中，前面的空只凭借一个句子的内容很难做出正确的判断，但是在后面的句子结构中也出现同样的语言结构，这种语言现象便是我们要找的比较信息部分。例例1：Pago

37、da Street is a street like many others not very _ 1_ ,not very wide,_ 2_ wide enough for two buses to pass.But it is a _3_ street all the same,particularly during the rush hour.1.A clearB.cleanC.far D.fresh2.A.also B.evenC.and D.only3.A.famous B.useful C.busy D.free 实用技巧三：用比较判断法来选择答案实用技巧三：用比较判断法来选择答

38、案 有时，在一个段落中，前面的空只凭借一个句子的内容很难做有时，在一个段落中，前面的空只凭借一个句子的内容很难做出正确的判断，但是在后面的句子结构中也出现同样的语言结构，出正确的判断，但是在后面的句子结构中也出现同样的语言结构，这种语言现象便是我们要找的比较信息部分。了解比较信息部分的这种语言现象便是我们要找的比较信息部分。了解比较信息部分的结构，能帮助我们找到前面对应结构中等立存在的答案。结构，能帮助我们找到前面对应结构中等立存在的答案。例例1：Pagoda Street is a street like many others not very _ 1_ ,not very wide,_

39、2_ wide enough for two buses to pass.But it is a _3_ street all the same,particularly during the rush hour.1.A clearB.cleanC.far D.fresh2.A.alsoB.evenC.and D.only3.A.famous B.useful C.busy D.freeB D C【分析和说明分析和说明】第第1题：此句中说明了这个街跟许多其他的街道一样，这题：此句中说明了这个街跟许多其他的街道一样，这说明了街道的共同特征，不很说明了街道的共同特征，不很“宽宽”当然也不是当然也不

40、是“很干净很干净”。而不是。而不是A“清晰清晰”或是或是C“远远”，这两个不能说明大多街道的共性。第，这两个不能说明大多街道的共性。第2题：根据上题：根据上句中的句中的“not very wide”及下句中的提示及下句中的提示“wide enough for two buses to pass”，说明街道较狭窄，说明街道较狭窄，“仅能让两辆车通过仅能让两辆车通过”。第。第3题：此空前的题：此空前的 But表转折，虽说街道不宽，但表转折，虽说街道不宽，但。它是一个。它是一个“繁忙繁忙”的街道，且与下的街道，且与下文的文的during the rush hour相对应。相对应。【解答解答】根据文意

41、，此根据文意，此3题答案分别为题答案分别为B，D，C。例例2：The ancient Greek thinker Diogenes said that there was only one good,namely(也就是也就是),knowledge;and only one _1_,namely,_ 2 _.1.A.better B.best C.niceD.evil2.A.ignoranceB.disbelief C.laziness D.death例例2：The ancient Greek thinker Diogenes said that there was only one good

42、,namely(也也就是就是),knowledge;and only one _1_,namely,_ 2 _.1.A.better B.bestC.niceD.evil2.A.ignorance B.disbelief C.lazinessD.deathDA【分析和说明分析和说明】第第1题：文中题：文中only one good为信息词，为信息词，only限制了限制了good，形成了，形成了“绝对关系绝对关系”，所以后面的部分不会再出现，所以后面的部分不会再出现good的同义词或近的同义词或近义词，那么空义词，那么空1 应选择与应选择与good相反的词。相反的词。A，B，C项都是体现好的方面

43、项都是体现好的方面的词，只有的词，只有D项符合，项符合，evil的意思为的意思为“邪恶的邪恶的”，即使你不知道这个词的，即使你不知道这个词的含义也可用排除法选出正确答案。第含义也可用排除法选出正确答案。第2题：跟在提出例证的转折词题：跟在提出例证的转折词namely后面的词，其作用是说明前面的名词的，既然后面的词，其作用是说明前面的名词的，既然good是是knowledge,那么与之相对应的那么与之相对应的evil后的词应是与后的词应是与knowledge相对应的反相对应的反义词义词ignorance（无知）。而（无知）。而disbelief为为“不相信不相信”，laziness为为“懒懒惰惰

44、”，death为为“死亡死亡”，都与原义不符。对比法在完形填空中往往是一，都与原义不符。对比法在完形填空中往往是一种重要的解题方法，扩展词汇面，找出反义词，应用对比关系然后再排种重要的解题方法，扩展词汇面，找出反义词，应用对比关系然后再排除是关键。除是关键。【解答解答】根据以上分析，这两题答案分别为根据以上分析，这两题答案分别为D，A。除了可以从相同的结构中比较外，还可以利用其他转折词的功能进行比较，常见的转折词有：though（虽然）,at the same time（往往比较两个不同的动作）,even so（尽管如此）,instead（此外）,on the contrary（恰恰相反）,o

45、n the other hand（另一方面）,similarly（同样）,but,however（然而）等。在做完型填空时，利用这些词或词组的提示，我们可以判断它们与后面的词、句子的关系，这种关系或许是趋于向其他方面的转化，或许是与所描述的概念正好相反。A如：如：A horse and a donkey,each bearing a burden,were being led by their master.The donkey asked the horse to take part of its burden,for it was very tired;_ the horse refuse

46、d.A.but B.then C.andD.so英语完形填空之解题基本技巧英语完形填空之解题基本技巧1.从从上下文关键词上下文关键词着手；着手；2.从从上下文逻辑上下文逻辑着手；着手；3.从从固定搭配固定搭配着手；着手；4.从从词义辨析词义辨析着手；着手；5.从从生活常识生活常识着手；着手；6.从从语法知识语法知识着手。着手。1.从从上下文关键词上下文关键词着手着手充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句，有提示作用的词或句，结合语境结合语境答题。答题。1)Mrs.Black would ask me for my _.She want

47、ed to know how I thought we should _things.At first I had no idea how to answer because I know_ about stage design!2.A.opinion B.impression C.information D.intention4.A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything 2handle31)Mrs.Black would ask me for my _.She wanted to know how I thought we should _t

48、hings.At first I had no idea how to answer because I know_ about stage design!2.A.opinion B.impression C.information D.intention4.A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything 2handle32)Some parts of the water are very shallow.But in some places it is very.A.deep B.high C.cold D.warm 3)Mrs ONeill as

49、kedquestions and she didnt scold us either.A.no B.certain C.many D.moreshallowButandeitherdidnt4)The words,so small,didnt seem _ enough to hold my new life.A.good B.simple C.big D.proper smallntenough2)Some parts of the water are very shallow.But in some places it is very.A.deep B.high C.cold D.warm

50、 3)Mrs ONeill askedquestions and she didnt scold us either.A.no B.certain C.many D.moreshallowButandeitherdidnt4)The words,so small,didnt seem _ enough to hold my new life.A.good B.simple C.big D.proper smallntenough2.从从上下文逻辑上下文逻辑着手着手1)It has been many years since I was last in London,I still rememb