2023年考研英语真题之阅读理解答案与分析.doc

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1、2023年考研英语真题之阅读理解答案与分析(2All around the world,lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession-with the possible exception of journalism.But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis,spending on

2、legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation.The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money,tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.But most law graduates never get a big-firm job.Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a c

3、ostly nightmare.There are many reasons for this.One is the excessive costs of a legal education.There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states:a four-year undergraduate degree at one of200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar ex

4、am.This leaves todays average law-school graduate with$100,000of debt on top of undergraduate debts.Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers.Sensible ideas have been around for a long time,but the state-level bodies

5、 that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them.One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree.Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school.If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer,those who can

6、sit it earlier should be allowed to do so.Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia,non-lawyers may not own any shar

7、e of a law firm.This keeps fees high and innovation slow.There is pressure for change from within the profession,but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact,a

8、llowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers,by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firmsefficiency.After all,other countries,such as Australia and Britain,have started liberalizing t

9、heir legal professions.America should follow.26.a lot of students take up law as their profession due toAthe growing demand from clients.Bthe increasing pressure of inflation.Cthe prospect of working in big firms.Dthe attraction of financial rewards.答案:D。该题是因果细节题,考察细节。一方面,根据段落定位原则模糊定位,定位到前几段。另一方面,再精

10、拟定位,题干中有关键词“students”“law”“profession”,回到原文寻找相关信息。第一段未发现相关信息,然后到第二段看到“The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money,tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.”与题干有重合之处,选项D是该句的同义替换。A、B、C三个选项根据原文个别词汇“clients”“inflation”“big-firm”等进行干扰。注意,第一段的But是个假转折词,并非答案处。27.Which of the following adds

11、to the costs of legal education in most American states?AHigher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.BAdmissions approval from the bar association.CPursuing a bachelors degree in another major.DReceiving training by professional associations.答案:C。该题是细节题,考察细节。一方面根据段落定位原则定位到第三段。另一方面,根据题干关键词“the cost

12、s of legal education”精拟定位到第三段第二句话“One is the excessive costs of a legal education.”问题是“which of the following adds to the costs of legal education”,因此定位句的下一句就是答案,即“There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject,then a three-yea

13、r law degree at one of 200law schools accredited by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.”分析选项可知,选项C恰当概况了该句子的涵义。A选项运用三段末尾的“This leaves todays average law-school graduate with$100,000of debt on top of undergraduate debts.”进行干扰。B选项无中生有。D选项根据四段最后一句出现的“training”个别词汇

14、进行干扰。28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates fromAlawyersand clientsstrong resistance.Bthe rigid bodies governing the profession.Cthe stem exam for would-be lawyers.Dnon-professionalssharp criticism.答案:B。该题是因素细节题,问来源。一方面段落定位原则定位到第四段。另一方面,根据题干关键词“the reform of the legal system”定位到第二

15、句“Sensible ideas have been aroundfor a long time,but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them.”选项B即为该句的同义替换。29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered“restrictive”partly because itAbans outsidersinvolvement in the profession.Bkeeps lawye

16、rs from holding law-firm shares.Caggravates the ethical situation in the trade.Dprevents lawyers from gaining due profits.答案:A。该题为因果细节题,问因素。根据段落定位原则定位至倒数第二段。另一方面,题干中出现“the guild-like ownership structure”,精拟定位到第二句“Except in the District of Columbia,non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm.This

17、 keeps fees high and innovation slow.”此外,在该段最后一句提到“keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.”从而可以得出答案选A。30.In this text,the author mainly discussesAflawed ownership of Americas law firms and its causes.Bthe factors that

18、help make a successful lawyer in America.Ca problem in Americas legal profession and solutions to it.Dthe role of undergraduate studies in Americas legal education.答案:C。该题为文章主旨题,考察文章中心。该篇文章属于问题解决型文章,前5段均在说美国法律职业存在的问题,最后一段提出了解决措施“allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and

19、improve services to customers,by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firmsefficiency.”。因此,该篇属于问题解决型文章,选C。其他几个选项均为文中的个别细节,以偏概全。The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment,as Alexander Polyakov said when h

20、e accepted this years award in March.And it is far from the only one of its type.As a News Feature article in Nature discusses,a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.Many,like the Fundamental Physics Prize,are funded from the telephone-number-sized

21、bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs.Thesebenefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields,they say,and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.Whats not to like?Quite a lot,according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature.You cannot

22、buy class,as the old saying goes,and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels,The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them,say scientists.They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research.They could cement the

23、status quo of peer-reviewed research.They do not fund peer-reviewed research.They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism.Some want to shock, others to draw people into science,or to better reward those who have made their careers in re

24、search.As Nature has pointed out before,there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizesboth new and oldare distributed.The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences,launched this year,takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include.But the Nobel Foundations limit of three reci

25、pients per prize,each of whom must still be living,has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern researchas will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.The Nobels were,of course,themselves set up by a v

26、ery rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money.Time,rather than intention,has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards,two things seem clear. First,most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one.Second,it is

27、surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere,It is fair to criticize and question the mechanismthat is the culture of research,after allbut it is the prize-giversmoney to do with as they please.It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.真题解析:文

28、章主题及背景知识:此篇阅读的主题内容为“基础物理学奖”,假如对于这一背景信息有所了解,这篇文章便可轻松看懂,做题更是十拿九稳!与2023年相比,2023考研阅读文章同样注重时效性,Text3便是反映了2023年3月份的一次实时事件:基础物理学基金会于3月20日晚在瑞士日内瓦揭晓了2023年基础物理学奖!所以2023考研的同学们一定要多多关注社会热点话题,拓展视野,丰富自己的文化背景知识,这样才干取得事半功倍的效果!文章讲到的是关于和诺贝尔奖同样的奖金丰厚的奖项出现,这些奖项就是由一些网络的公司或者是一些新贵们他们得出这样大量的钱,当然会遭出一些批评,这些奖项还是没法和诺贝尔奖相比的,阶级是没法

29、改变的,名望是没法购买的。当然这一系列的东西,在前三段当中谈到之后,到了最后一段,作者表白他的观点,纵然这些对科学家的奖励在奖项上存在着一些瑕疵,存在着一些不合理的地方。但是对于科学家来说,有人给你钱支持你的研究,终归是好的。也就是说从31到35题基本上没有难题,也没有可以去争议的,也是既所得的文章。31.The Fundamental Physical Prize is seen asAa symbol of the entrepreneurss wealth.Ba possible replacement of the Nobel Prize.Can example of bankersi

30、nvestment.Da handsome reward for researchers.答案:A。为细节题。根据题干中的Fundamental Physics Prize可以定位到第一段,但除此之外就没有其他细节提醒信息了,所以我们只能根据几个选项去定位,分别根据选项中的entrepreneurs、Nobel Prize、investment、reward去定位,在第一段末句找到了与A选项相一致的句子,则鉴定A选项对的。32.The phrase“to sign on”(Line3,Para.2most probably meansAthe profit-oriented scientist

31、s.Bthe founders of the new award.Cthe achievement-based system.Dpeer-review-led research.答案:B。为细节题。根据题干中的critics定位到第三段,可知第二段没有出题,从第三段第二句可以得出本道题的对的选项,who have made their careers in research即为B 选项中的The founders。33.What promoted the chancellor to develop his scheme?Acontroversies over the recipientssta

32、tus.Bthe joint effort of modern researchers.Clegitimate concerns over the new prize.Dthe demonstration of research findings.答案:D。为细节题。本道题假如从题干中看更像是例证题,但题目中说道the case involves即问例子自身,所认为一道细节题。我们在第四段倒数第三句中找到了Higgs boson,6 独家内部宝典资料 即为本道题正 确答案。 34.According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one one

33、feel ATheir endurance has done justice to them. BTheir legitimacy has long been in dispute. CThey are the most representative honor. DHistory has never cast doubt on them. 答案：A 。为判断题。此类题型是考试中的一个难点，在题干中提醒信息非常少， 所以我们需要根据每个选项分别定位。A 选项的 durance 定位到本段最后一句 time。B 选项 根据 legitimacy 定位到第一句。C 选项没有提到。D 选项从最后一段

34、可以验证的确是收到了 质疑，B 选项和原文不符，可以得知答案为 A。 35.To which of the following would the author most probably agree? Aacceptable despite the criticism. Bharmful to the culture of research. Csubject to undesirable changes. Dunworthy of public attention. 答案：A 。为主旨题。本题属于作者观点，出在最后一段则说明更多体现了文章 的主旨，由于尚有一个段落相应，则我们可以在最后一段找答案，根据题干中的 award 我们 可以得知全文的最后一句明确体现了作者的观点，故选 A。 更多相关信息可以关注新阳光教育网 WWW.XYG100.COM 【新阳光】 gct 考试真题