混凝土结构厂房结构吊装.doc

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1、混凝土结构厂房结构吊装摘要：近年来，随着我国工业的快速发展，厂房工程也随之增多，钢筋混凝土结构以其自身具有的诸多特点，被广泛地被应用到工业厂房的建设当中。由于混凝土结构构件中的柱子以及屋架的体积和重量越来越大，使得施工过程中采用吊装的方式提出了更高的要求。基于此点原因，本文首先概括的阐述了混凝土结构厂房结构吊装的施工特点，并在此基础上详细的介绍了混凝土结构厂房结构吊装施工要点，仅供参考。关键词：混凝土结构厂房；吊装；钢筋混凝土柱；预应力屋架 一、混凝土结构厂房结构吊装的施工特点就混凝土结构厂房吊装施工而言，其具有以下特点：其一，结构构件的安装高度、体积大小以及重量等是选择起重设备时需考虑的主要

2、因素；其二，结构构件加工制作过程中的质量，将会对施工进度以及吊装质量产生直接影响，如构件的预埋位置是否准确、强度是否符合要求等；其三，结构构件在起吊就位的过程中，必须根据吊装时的受力特点准确选好吊点，并且还需对主要构件的刚度和强度在构件制作前进行验算；其四，在进行吊装施工前，必须将结构构件加工制作时的平面布置与吊装的实际运行线路结合在一起考虑，以提高吊装效率，尽量避免倒运。其五，由于结构吊装构件自身的特点以及吊装过程高空作业量较大。因此，在施工过程中需特别注意安全，并且应制定有效地安全技术措施，避免施工过程中发生安全事故。二、混凝土结构厂房结构吊装施工要点 （一）钢筋混凝土柱子的吊装1.吊装施

3、工前的准备工作。为了能够使后期吊装的过程更加顺利，必须对构件制作时的质量进行严格控制。必须严格按照有关质量标准对混凝土材料中的砂石、水泥、添加剂等主要原料的质量进行控制，同时还需考虑构件的耐久性这一因素；控制好结构构件的尺寸。主要包括截面尺寸、轴线间距离、节点截面尺寸以及构件总的几何尺寸等；预留孔和预埋件的安装。确保预留孔的准确性以及预埋件的合理性，能够为吊装工作的顺利开展提供准备；清理基础杯口，按照实际标高与构件制作的实际尺寸相结合找平杯口底，并以杯口边的柱轴线以及边线作为立柱的标准；对厂房的柱距及跨度进行检查，可采用钢卷尺测量基础上弹出的轴线尺寸的方法确定实际的柱距及跨度，若与设计要求误差

4、太大，则必须在吊装进行前，采取一定的措施加以处理；对预制柱进行翻身，并准备好与吊装有关的一系列工具，如索具、经纬仪等。2.钢筋混凝土柱吊装。确定起吊点，并在柱身绑扎起吊索，对于自重较小的混凝土柱，一般在牛腿下部绑扎一点即可，而配筋较少、体型细长以及自重较大的柱子，应尽量绑扎23点；起吊，以单机进行吊装时，采用旋转法，没有专门措施一般不得采用滑行法吊装；柱子就位及临时固定。在柱子被吊起后放入杯口之前，现场配合吊装的工作人员应事先准备好钢楔或木楔，并在柱子插入杯口后将楔子钉入杯口与柱子的间隙中，以此来确保柱身能够基本垂直；利用经纬仪对柱身垂直方向的两个向进行观测，并校正柱身的垂直度，可采用打楔子、

5、钢钎撬柱根和在柱身中间位置用钢管斜顶等方法进行校正；校正完毕后，便可在柱身与杯口的空隙中浇灌混凝土进行正式固定，首次浇灌时应尽量没过楔子底面，当混凝土达到设计强度的30%后，拔出楔子进行二次浇灌，并与杯口上平即可。 （二）预应力屋架1.预应力屋架制作。可采用现场叠浇的方法进行预应力屋架的制作，叠浇的高度不超过4层，即可满足场地布置的要求。为了便于屋架的涂料施工，可将腻子作为隔离剂，并将其薄而均匀的刷在屋架上，屋架涂料可在地面一次成活，减少高空作业量；钢筋，钢筋的制作及安装需严格按照04G415-1中的相关规定进行，并且还应对各节点的抗震措施加以注意，同时还需严格控制钢筋保护层。预应力孔道可选用

6、波纹管进行预埋，为了确保管位准确，避免混凝土浇筑过程中受到挤压发生位移，可用钢筋架将其固定。波纹管安装后，应对接头位置的严密性进行检查并在波纹管内设置钢管，在屋架成型后将其拔出；混凝土的水灰比应尽量控制在0.40.5左右，砂、石、水泥等材料需作碱含量检测，外加剂严禁使用含氯化物的，混凝土的初凝时间必须大于45min，并由专人负责混凝土的振捣，确保均匀、密实。混凝土屋架必须一次浇筑成型，严禁留有施工缝，浇筑完成后，需进行浇水养护，养护时间不得少于14d。2.预应力工程。预应力钢绞线应有产品质量合格证，且外观无明显缺陷，如油污、生锈、损伤等，同时钢绞线的力学性能应符合设计要求，在下料时必须用砂轮机

7、进行切割，严禁使用电弧切割。可选用液压式千斤顶作为张拉设备，并配以精度等级不低于1.5级的压力表；张拉前需对以下内容进行全面检查：屋架构件的几何尺寸、孔道位置及畅通情况、混凝土浇筑及振捣质量、灌浆孔位置、预埋铁板位置等，看其是否符合设计和施工要求；预应力筋必须待混凝土达到100%设计强度要求时方可进行张拉。进行张拉时应按照对称张拉的原则进行，以确保构件能够均匀受力，避免侧弯、变形。3.屋架吊装。吊装前应做好以下准备工作：复核柱轴线及标高、检查屋架构件及吊环、吊车及索具的受力情况等；屋架翻身、就位。屋架吊装。进行吊装过程中，必须确保屋架吊点在屋架中心位置处，起吊后应尽可能让屋架保持水平，并使其基

8、本安装轴线后缓慢落钩，对好先后便可进行临时固定，随后校正垂直度，进行最后固定即可。结论：总而言之，为了确保混凝土结构厂房吊装施工能够顺利完成，必须对各种构件的制作、布局、起吊及安装等环节进行详细、周密的考虑，一旦其中任意一个环节出现问题，势必会对工程的顺利进行造成影响。参考文献1彭春生.浅谈工业厂房预制混凝土构件的吊装施工J.福建建材.2009（08）.2梁智雄.预制钢筋混凝土柱施工方案探讨J.企业科技与发展.2008（14）.3杨长成.陈保家.陈平.厂房预应力屋架的施工及抗裂分析J.施工技术.2009（12）.4王朝钒.顾三新.主厂房预制钢筋混凝土结构施工J.建筑施工.2007（09）.Co

9、ncrete structure workshop structure hoisting Pick to: in recent years, with the rapid development of our country industry, plant engineering has said, reinforced concrete structure with its itself has many characteristics, are widely used to industrial plant construction. As the pillars in the concr

10、ete structures as well as increasing the volume and weight of the roof, make the construction process adopt the way of lifting higher requirements are put forward. Based on this reason, this paper firstly made a summary of the construction characteristics of concrete structure workshop structure hoi

11、sting, and on the basis of detailed introduced the concrete structure workshop key points of the hoisting construction, for reference only. Key words: reinforced concrete structure workshop; Lifting; Reinforced concrete column; The prestressed roof truss A factory building structure and concrete str

12、ucture hoisting construction characteristics In terms of concrete structure workshop hoisting construction, it has the following features: first, the structures of the installation height, volume, size and weight is the main factor should be considered when choosing a hoisting equipment; Second, the

13、 structure components processing quality in the production process, will directly influence on construction progress and quality of the assembly, such as component of embedded location is accurate, the intensity is in line with the requirements, etc.; Third, the structures in the process of lifting

14、in place, must according to the mechanical characteristics of hoisting chosen lifting point accurately, and still need to production of stiffness and strength of main components in the component prior to calculation; Fourthly, before hoisting construction, structures must be processed at the time of

15、 the plane layout and practical operation of hoisting circuit together, in order to improve the lifting efficiency and avoid the firm. Fifthly, due to the hoisting structure its own characteristics and high altitude work lifting process. Therefore, special attention should be paid to safety in the c

16、onstruction process, and should set safety technical measures, effectively avoid safety accidents happened during the construction process. Second, the concrete structure workshop structure hoisting construction points (a) reinforced concrete columns of hoisting 1. The preparing work before hoisting

17、 construction. In order to be able to make late hoisting process more smoothly, must be strict control over the quality of artifacts produced when. (1) must be in strict accordance with the relevant quality standard of concrete material in sand and gravel, cement, additives, etc. The main raw materi

18、al for the quality control, at the same time also need to consider the durability of the component factors; (2) control the sizes of structure components. Mainly including section size, the distance between the axis of the general geometry size section size, node, component, etc.; 3. The reserved ho

19、les and the installation of embedded parts. Ensure the accuracy of the reserved hole and the rationality of the embedded parts, can provide the lifting work smoothly; (4) clean up the base rim, in accordance with the actual level and the close combination of components to make the actual size of lev

20、eling bottom, and close to the edge of the column axis and the line as a post standards; (5) inspection on column spacing and the span of the workshop, can use steel tape measure pop up on the basis of the axis of the size of the method to determine the actual column distance and span, with the desi

21、gn requirements of error is too large, it must be, before hoisting to take certain measures to deal with; 6 to roll over of precast column, and prepare related to lifting a series of tools, such as rigging, transit, etc. 2. The reinforced concrete column hoisting. (1) determine the lifting points an

22、d the scape binding line, for small weight of concrete column, usually at the bottom of the bracket can tie, and less reinforcement, slender body shape and weight of the larger pillars, should tie 2 3 points as far as possible; (2) lifting, hoisting in single, will use the rotation method, generally

23、 there is no specific measure shall not lifting using the slide method. (3) post in place and temporary fixed. Before post after hoisted into the glass, the scene with hoisting steel workers should be prepared in advance or wedge, the wedge and after insert the glass pillar to wedge into the gap wit

24、h the columns at the top, in order to ensure the scape can basic vertical; (4) using the theodolite to scape of two vertical direction to the observations, and correction of scape verticality, can use a wedge, pry column root and in the middle of the fust position with steel pipe inclined top correc

25、tion methods such as; 5. After the correction, can in the scape and placing of concrete in the gap of the formal fixed at the top, water should be as far as possible for the first time after a wedge bottom, when 30% of the strength of concrete to meet the design, pull out the secondary water wedge,

26、and the glass on the flat. (2) the prestressed roof truss 1. Made of prestressed roof truss. (1) can be used on-site stack of pouring methods for the production of prestressed roof truss, fold the height of the water is not more than 4 layers, can meet the requirements of venue layout. To facilitate

27、 the roof construction of coating, putty can be as a lubricating agent, and its thin and evenly brush on the roof, roof coatings on the ground a survival, reduce high-altitude assignment; (2) reinforcement, the production and installation of steel bar should be in strict accordance with the related

28、provisions in 04 g415-1, and each node seismic measures should also be noted that at the same time also need to strictly control the reinforced protection layer. Prestressed channel can choose embedded corrugated pipe, to ensure that the pipe accurately, avoid concrete pouring process are squeezed d

29、isplacement, available steel frame should be fixed. Corrugated pipe after installation, joint location and rigor to check Settings in the corrugated tube steel tube, pull it out after the roof shape; (3) the water cement ratio of concrete should be controlled at around 0.4 0.5, sand, stone, cement a

30、nd other materials to make alkali content detection, admixture containing chloride is strictly prohibited, the initial setting time of concrete must be greater than 45 min, and the specialist is responsible for the concrete vibrating, to ensure uniform and dense. A concrete roof truss must be castin

31、g molding, with construction joints shall be strictly forbidden, pouring is completed, the need for water conservation, curing time shall not be less than 14 d. 2. Prestressed concrete engineering. 1) prestressed steel strand due and product quality certification, and has no obvious appearance defec

32、t, such as oil, rust, damage and so on, at the same time, the mechanical properties of steel strand should comply with the design requirements, the material must be used when cutting grinder, arc cutting is strictly prohibited. Can choose hydraulic jack as a tensioning device, and matches by precisi

33、on grade pressure of not less than 1.5 level; (2) the tension before checking up on the following content: the geometry size of roof truss component, hole position and flow conditions, concrete pouring and vibrating mass, grouting hole position, embedded iron position, etc., to see if it conforms to

34、 the design and construction requirements; (3) prestressed concrete must reach 100% design strength for concrete requirements before being tensioned. During tensioning shall be carried out according to the principle of symmetric tensioning, able to ensure that the components evenly stress, avoid sid

35、e bending, deformation. 3. The roof truss hoisting. 1) should be ready before lifting the following preparation work: check column axis and elevation, check the roof truss component, and the suspension loop, the force of the crane and rigging, etc.; (2) the roof roll over, put in place. (3) roof tru

36、ss hoisting. For hoisting process, must ensure that the roof lifting point location in the center of the roof truss, should as far as possible keep the roof level after lifting, and make it slow fall hook, after basic installation axis to temporary fixed good can successively, then correction vertic

37、ality, measurements can be finally fixed. Conclusion: To sum up, in order to ensure that concrete structure workshop hoisting construction completed, must be made of various components, layout, lifting and installation, detailed, careful consideration, once any link to appear problem, will affect pr

38、oject smoothly. references 1 Peng Chunsheng. Introduction to industrial production of precast concrete components hoisting construction J. Journal of fujian building materials. 2009 (8). Liang Zhixiong. 2 precast reinforced concrete column construction plan discussion J. Journal of business and the

39、development of science and technology. 2008 (14). 3 Yang Changcheng. Our Chen. Chen ping. Workshop of prestressed roof truss construction and crack resistance analysis J. Construction technology. 2009 (12). Vanadium 4 dynasty. 3. The main building construction of precast reinforced concrete structure J. Journal of construction engineering. 2007 (9).