2022年开放英语Ⅰ笔记 .docx

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1、精品_精品资料_1、sometime some time 与 sometimessometime 表示将来某个时候,过去某个时间,指以前的,一度Ill come to see you sometime next month . 将来某时 It happened sometime last month . 过去某时 some time 表示 “一段时间 ”sometimes 指 “有时 ”表示频率,是频度副词 sometime 指过去或将来 某时2、help 相关用法搭配： help sb with sth 帮忙某人做某事help sb to do sth = help sb do sth 帮忙

2、某人做某事can / could not help + V 原can / could not help + but + V 原 “忍不住 ”“禁不住 ”的意思On hearing the news ,I could not help laughing当我听到这个消息时,我忍不住大笑.Help youself to do sth自用,自取 食物等 The salad is very fresh ,Please help youself to it 3、与 turn有关的词组配搭turn away回绝,把 .打发走turn back 折回,往回走turn down调低turn up 调高Turn

3、down the radio,I m trying to get some sleep . 把收音机调低一些,我想睡多一会The weather became so bad that they had to turn back .天气变得很坏,他们只好往回走.A doctor cannot turn away a dying man .医生是不能见死不救.一、一般过去时(1) 过去某个特定时间发生,并且一下子就完成了的动作即：非连续性动作(2) 过去习惯性的动作.留意：一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去.句式：主语 +过去动词 +其他I had a word with Julia t

4、his morning.今日早晨,我跟朱丽亚说了几句话.He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up.他没有戒烟的那阵子,抽烟抽得可凶了.一般过去常常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如： yesterday, last week, in +年, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when等等.Have you had your lunch.你吃过午饭了吗？意思是说你现在不饿吗？Yes, I have. 是的,我已经吃过了. 意思是说已经吃饱了,不想再吃了Wh

5、en did you have it.你是什么时候吃的？关怀的是吃的动作发生在何时.I had it about ten minutes ago.我是大约特别钟以前吃的.Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作.I used to work fourteen hours a day.我过去常常一天干十四个小时.I eaten it at 6：45.我在六点四十五分吃了.一、一般过去时的基本用法1、带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时如： yesterday昨天、two days ago两天前 、last year去年、the other day前几天、o

6、nce up on a time过去曾经、just now 刚刚、in the old days 过去的日子里 、at+ 一个时间点Did you have a party the other day ？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_前几天,你们开了晚会了吗？2、表示过去一段时间内常常或反复的动作,常与always , never 等连用Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞.二、句型变换确定 be 分为 was,were v+ed 否认 was/were not didn t+v 疑问 was/were+ 主

7、did+ 主+V 二、动词的过去式规章变化一般直接加 ed work worked clean cleaned不发音的 e 结尾的直接加 d,decided live lived love loved辅音字母加 y 结尾变 y 为 i,加 ed studystudied hurriedcarried重读闭音节结尾只有一个辅音字母的双写这一辅音字母再加edstop stopped drop dropped wag wagged三、不规章动词的过去式要一一记忆动词原形过去式动词原形过去式become 变成becamebuy 买boughtbring带broughtcatch 抓住caughtdra

8、w 画drewdrink喝drankdrive驾车drovefall落下felleat 吃atecome 来came四、合成不定代词见书第 8 页Unit 20P45、6 题 P914 题学习目标：1、不定代词2、复习如何提出建议3、点菜用语4、一般现在时基本用法1、a bit一点, a bit of / bits of sth大量,It takes quite a bit of time to get from London to America2、lonely孤独的,孤寂的alone 单独、独一无二的.Alone只表示 “单独 ”的客观状态,没有感情颜色,lonely 可表示人 “孤独的

9、”“孤寂的 ”,也可表示的主的“荒芜 ”“人烟稀有 ”I was travelling alone in the lonely mountain,I didn t feel lonely though I was alone .我单独走在荒芜的山野里,虽然孤身一人,但并不感到孤寂3、decide 打算、裁决、解决decision 名词 决心,打算下来The judge decided the case 法官裁决了此案.decide on/upon 打算、选定Acitvity 11. 不定代词： anythingsomethingnothingeverything something 用于确定句

10、,疑问句及否认句用anythingI ve got nothing to do.我没事可做书本的例句I havent got anything to do either .我也没事可做书本的例句Something has happened .出事了I ll tell you something of my own experience.我将告知你一点我的经受的事.anything 仍可用于条件句 ;也仍可以表示 “任何东西 ”If you want anything ,you can call me . 你假如需要什么可以叫我.用于条件句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_If i

11、t s possible I d do anything for you . 只要可能我愿为你做任何事情.Anything is better than nothing . 有总比没有的好.I want something to eat ,anything will do我想吃点东西,什么都行.Take anything you fancy . 你喜爱什么就拿什么.everything表示 “一切 ”nothing 用于否认句等于 not anything 表示 “没有什么 ”How is everything？一切可好？Money isn t everything . 金钱不是一切.But

12、nothing could make her alter her views . 什么都不能使她转变看法.He had nothing to say against you . 他对你没有什么不满的看法 备注：当有形容词修辞以上不定代词时,形容词要放在不定代词的后面I dnon t want to watch anything sad .我不想看任何伤感的东西.I like something exciting like an adventure film.我想看些如探险片之类令人兴奋的电影Let s go to something really funny to make us laugh.

13、我们去看一部好玩好玩令人发笑的电影.Acitvity 9 P21How about seeing The Edge of Ruin.不如去看那部叫 “濒临毁灭 ”Lets do that .我们就看这个Shall we have a sandwich or something before we go .我们走前吃个三明治什么的怎样.Why don t we go to a restaurant after the film .我们看完电影后一起吃饭怎样How about going there . 去哪里怎样.回复别人 赞同时 ： OK/ OK then /That s a good ide

14、a /great表示不同意时的答复Shall we go to the theatre tonight .I d prefer to see a film . 我更想去看电影.I d rather go to the cinema. 我宁愿去看电影. Id rather not ,I m quite tired点菜用语 P24Could we have . Ill have ., Id like Could I have a glass of water ,please .请给我一杯水？Could we have the salad and steak to share我们点一份沙拉和牛排两人

15、分好吗？I d like a cut of coffee ,please . 请给我一杯咖啡4、一般现在时基本用法常常发生或反复发生的动作He gets up at six . 他六点起床She works eight hours a day . 她每天工作八小时Do you often wash you hair . 你常常洗头吗？ Thank you .I don t smoke .感谢你,我不吸烟 .Do you go to work by bus or by bike. 你坐公共汽车上班,仍是骑自行车？现时的情形或状态They live in the same building ,do

16、n t they . 他们同住一幢楼,对吧？He is a law student . 他是学法律可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_The soup tastes good .这汤味道很好They enjoy skating . 他们喜爱溜冰永恒的真理The sun rises in the east 太阳是从东边升起It snows in winter冬天下雪Metal expands when heated .金属加热后会膨胀.用来指引道路“ How do I get to the station .” “ you go straight on to the traffic

17、lights.rtihgehnt ”you turn用在 Here和 There后面Here comes the bus . 公车来了There goes the bell .铃响了. 6一些常常用于一般现在时的动词admire adore appear be believe belong concern consist depend deserve feelforgetfit hate have hear hold hope includemeanlikelove prefer needsee wish soundunit 211、学习不规章动词的过去式2、will、going to的用法与

18、区分3、复习现在进行时表示将来1、get on well with进展顺当,与人相处的很好.Do you get on well with your study .I get on well with my brother .我和我哥相处的很好.2、take part in参与, joint in3、afford sthto sb供应某事物Television affords pleasure to many电视带给人许多乐趣.name after 以 命名Activity 12. 总结文中显现的不规章动词：Mary began begin playing the violin when sh

19、e was only six . He brought bring it back home with him.A man went go up to her parentsWhen he found find out that they couln t afford one . 3、will 和 to be going to的用法 be going to结构表示准备干某事I am not going to argue with you tonight .今晚我不准备和你争辩. be going to结构表示即将发生某事Oh ,no .He is going to fall .糟糕. 他要摔下

20、来了.How pale that girl is .I think she is going to be faint.那个姑娘脸色这样惨白,我想她要晕倒了.这个结构有时可和will引导的结构换用.I won t am not going to tell you my age我不准备告知你我年龄.Will表示将要4. ill 和 to be going to的区分： 一、 be going to 主要用于：1表示事先经过考虑、支配好准备要做的事情.What are you going to do today.今日你们准备做什么？Dad and I are going to see a Beiji

21、ng opera this afternoon.今日下午我和爸爸准备去看京剧.I m going to play the violin.我准备拉小提琴.Shes going to play the piano.她准备弹钢琴.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2表示依据目前某种迹象判定,某事特别有可能发生.I am afraid I am going to have a cold.唯恐我要患重感冒二、 will 主要用于在以下几个方面：1、表示单纯的将来 “将要 ”通用各个人称.They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.明天他们将去工厂参

22、观.2、表示不以人的意志为转移的自然进展的将来的事.Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.今日是星期六.明天是将是星期日.He will be thirty years old this time next year.明年这个时候他就将三十岁.3、问对方是否情愿做某事或表示客气的邀请或命令.Will you please turn on the radio.请打开收音机好吗？Will you go to the zoo with me.你和我一起去动物园好吗？5. 现在进行时表示将来动作预备或准备做某事He is going to buy a n

23、ew car .他预备买一辆新车She is not going to be there tonight .她今晚不预备到那里.即将发生的事或要发生的事.It is going to warm tomorrow .明每天气会很温和.My cousin is going to have a baby .我表姐要生孩子了.I am going to be sick .我要病倒了.Unit 221、学习现在完成时2、形容词的比较级3、明白副词的用法一、现在完成时的基本用法.现在完成时表示一件已发生的事,这事往往与现在情形联系.I ve got a letter from my aunt .我收到姨妈

24、一封信The lift has broken down .电梯坏了.常和 justalreadyyetrecentlyover 这类副词连用He is just left他刚走.Jane has rung me up three times this moring alredy简今日早上已给我打过三次The rain has already stopped雨已经停了I have never broken my word .我从未违反过自己的诺言I haven t seen him today今日我没见过她How many letters have you received this week这

25、星期你收到多少信So far he has done very well at school4.仍常和 for及 since引导的状语或与 how long连用到现为止他在学校表现很好I haven t seen you for ages我好久没见到你了.I haven t seen you since June六月以来我就没见过她现在完成时和一般过去时的比较1. 这两个时态都谈已经发生的事,主要差异是现在完成时表示的动作与现在有关系,或是对现在有影响, 或谈现在以前这段时间里发生的事,而一般过去时单纯谈过去的事,现在没关系.因此但凡有过去的时间状语时,只能用过去时：She was here

26、a minute ago.一分钟之前她仍在这里They gave it to me just now .这是他们刚刚给我的有关现在完成时的几个留意问题： Have gone to 和 have been to 的区分Have gone to表示 “到某的去了 ”,指此人此时仍在那里没回来.She has gone to live abroad .她国外居住了. 指她现在在国外可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_The kids have gone to the zoo.孩子们到动物园去了.Where has Mary gone ？玛丽到哪去了？have been to表示 “到来过

27、某的”指人已经回来.Have you ever been to Hong Kong .你到过香港吗？Ive been toEurope several times.我去过欧洲好几次.Ive been to see my grandmother .我去看过我奶奶了.和 time 一道用的情形It is the fourth time she has been out with him .这是她第四次和他一起外出.It is only the second time he has been in palace.这只是他其次次进皇宫.在下面句型中也可用现在完成时：This is the best t

28、ea I have ever drunk这是我喝过的最好的茶了.This is the most interesting book I have ever read .这是我看过的最有意思的书.It s the first good meal I ve had for ages .这是好久以来我吃过的第一顿好饭.二、形容词的比较级unite 4 讲过此内容形容词比较级的修饰语： 补充部分形容词比较级前可加 :much 、 a lot、far 、 a bit 、a little、slightly 、any 、 no、 some even、 still之类表示程度He s feeling a lo

29、t better today .他感到今日好多了.It s slightly warmer today .今日稍温和多了.She was no older than Mary .她并不比玛丽大.三、动词 Ving 的归类以下的词后面都需接Vingenjoy、 mind介意、finish 、 practise、 escape 、suggest 、miss 、avoid防止 、appreciate观赏感谢 、 dislike、advise、 permit 答应、allow、give up、 consider留意： consider doning考虑做某事consider sb to do认为 四、

30、副词副词主要用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或其他结构.一、副词的位置：1 在动词之前.2 在 be 动词、助动词之后.3 多个助动词时,副词一般放在第一个助动词后.副词的类型：时间、的点、方式、程度、强调、疑问、连接、关系、句子.见课本P45常见时间副词： ago、 before、 just now 、 last night、lately 、 lateron、now 、 recently、 so far、then、 today、 tomorrow 、tonight 、 yesterday二、副词的排列次序：1 时间,的点副词,小单位的在前,大单位在后.2 方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用and

31、或 but 等连词连接.Please write slowly and carefully.3 多个不同副词排列：程度+的点 +方式+时间副词.留意：副词 very可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词.改错： 错I very like English.对I like English very much.留意：副词 enough 要放在形容词的后面,形容词enough 放在名词前后都可.I dont know him well enough.Unit 231、多个形容词联用2、复习现在进行时3、物主代词 unit one 1.be made of 由 制成This table is made of w

32、ood.这张桌子是木制的.Locks are made of metal.锁是金属制的.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Her sweater is made of wool.她的毛衣是羊毛的.be made of 与 be made from区分：二者均意为由 制成,但略有不同：be made of 制成产品后看得出原材料,而be made from 制成产品后看不出原材料Paper is made from wood.纸是由木制成.Our desks are all made of wood.我们的桌子都是木头做的.【典型例题】 This shirt is madesilk

33、.A ofB upC fromD With2. fit for sb /sth 某人、某物适合;fit to do sth认为 做某事 是正值的,相宜的或得体的.The food was not fit for human to eat .这食物不适合人吃.Do as you think fit .你认为怎么做就怎么做吧. 3.get /make ready for sth做好预备ready to do 预备好He s ready to help his friend .他总是乐于帮忙伴侣Don t be so ready to find foult .不要动不动就挑毛病课文讲解：重点：一、多

34、个形容词修饰名词时,其次序为：限定词 -数词 - 描画词 - 大小,长短,外形,新旧,颜色 - 出处 -材料性质,类别 -名词a small round tablea dirty old brown shirta famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car限定词 +数量词序数词在前,基数词在后+性状形容词 +大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧 +颜色+国籍 +材料 +名词1、Tony is going camping withboys.A.little two otherB. two little otherC.two

35、other littleD.little other two2、One day they crossed thebridge behind the palace.A. old Chinese stoneB. Chinese old stoneC. old stone ChineseD. Chinese stone old物主代词主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey人称代词宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem形容性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir物主代词名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs留意： 1、形容词性物主代词

36、后必需跟名词.2、名词性物主代词就不能跟名词.Unit 251 复习反身代词2 学习 eitherneitherboth3 使人做某事的表达方式一、 Vocabulary可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ happen“发生 ”是不及物动词,它的用法常见的有如下几种情形：1. “sth.+ happen +的点/时间 ”, “某的 某时发生了什么事 ”此时主语应是事情.这个故事发生在 2022 年.An accident happened in that street.那条街上发生了一起事故.2. “sth.+ happen+to sb.”“某人出了某事 常指不好的事 ”A ca

37、r accident happened to her this morning.今日上午她发生了交通事故.What happened to you.你怎么啦？3. “sb.+ happen+ to do sth.”表示 “某人碰巧做某事 ”.例如：I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday.昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个伴侣.4. happen 表示 “碰巧或恰巧发生某事 ”时,仍可用 “It happens / happened that.”例如： It happened that Brian and Peter w

38、ere at home that day.碰巧那天布莱恩和彼得在家了. look forward to sth /look forward to doing sth希望,期望 worth值得 be worth + n. “某事或某物值得 ”指价值be worth doing sth. “某事值得被做 ”The question is not worth discussing again and again.be worthy of +n.当名词为抽象名词时表示“值得 ” be worthy to be done 某事值得被做 The question is not worthy to be d

39、iscussed again and again.这个问题不值得一再的争论.二、 both ofboth andeither.or.neither.nor这几个词的用法either.or.意为 “或者 或者 .不是 就是”之意.表示两者之一 ; 否认是 neither.nor.两者也不 .他们在连接句子中两个并列的成分,其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一样,这就是我们通常说的“就近原就 ”.When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances.那个女孩兴奋时,不是唱就是跳.Either you or I am going there

40、tomorrow.明天要么你去那里,要么我去那里.三、 have / get sth done 使某人或 支配某人 做某事make sb. do 使某人做某事enable sb to do 使某人有才能做某事tell sb to do告知某人做某事allow sb to do答应某人做某事make up ones mind 下定打算做某事Unite 261 学习情态动词2 复习现在完成时与一般过去时的区分3 复习 there be 的句型结构4 学习 byuntil after before while的用法一、Vocabulary1.walk away/off with偷走、轻易赢得奖品So

41、mebody has walked off with my pen. 有人把我的钢笔偷走了.She walked away with two frist prize.她轻易赢了两项头等奖2.decisiondecision to do sth 打算做某情decision on/against sth 对某情做打算We took the difficult decision to leave .我们好不简洁才作出离开的打算.It s a matter of a personal decision.这是须由个人作打算的问题.学习情态动词情态动词 can, could , may, might, m

42、ust 皆可表示估计,其用法主要有以下几种情形.一、情态动词 +动词原形 ,表示对现在或将来的情形的估计,此时动词通常为系动词.如： I don t know where she is , she may be in Wuhan.我不知道她在哪里,她可能在武汉. You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干了一成天,肯定累了.二、情态动词 +动词现在进行时,表示对现在或将来正在进行的情形的估计.At this moment , our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.这个时候,老师想

43、必在批改我们的试卷.He must be working in his office.他肯定在办公室工作了.He must be staying there.他现在确定呆在那里.三、情态动词 +动词完成时表示对过去的情形的估计可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_The road is wet. It must have rained last night.的是湿的,昨天晚上肯定下雨了.四、情态动词 +动词的现在完成进行时,表示对过去正在发生的事情的估计.Your mother must have been looking for you.你妈妈肯定始终在找你.另外, cant 表示

44、否认估计,其疑问形式一般用cant 或 couldn t.如：If Tom didn t leave here until five o clock, he can t be home yet.假如汤姆 5 点才离开这儿,他此时肯定仍未到家.二、情态动词的固定搭配:1) cant help doing /can t help but do禁不住做某事They talked in whispers ,but still ,I couldn t help but overhear their conversation2) ought to have done sth,should have done sth 本应当做某事,而事实上并没有做.否认句表示不该做某事而做了.3) neednt have done sth本没必要做某事4) would like to have done sth本准备做某事I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then5) must have +done sth,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的估计,语气较强,具有“确定 ”, “谅必 ”的意思三、 There be 句型的时态可以有不同的时态 ,但没有进行时态一般现在时There is/ar