2022年初中英语语法介词用法讲解与练习.docx

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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -介词1表示时间的介词： at, in, on, before, to, from, by, till, until, after, for, since 等.2表示的点,位置,方向的介词：next, to, in, in front of, on , out of,at, above, over, into, near, between, under, up, across, by, down, from, around, behind, besid等e3表示缘由,理由的介词：for, as, at, f

2、rom 等4表示方式的介词： on, in,by, with等.常用介词辨析1 表示时间的 in, on, at, after1) in 的用法.用于早晨、下午、傍晚.In the morning/afternoon/evening用于月、年、季节等. In March, in 1986, in spring用于一段时间后. In a week, in a years time, in two hours2) on 的用法用于详细某一天. On my birthday, on the morning of next Friday, on June 6, on Sunday, on New Ye

3、ar Dsay用于描述性的时间. On a cold night, on a winter day3) at 的用法用于详细的钟点. At 12 o clock, at half nine用于固定的搭配. At lunch, at night, at breakfast, at noon, at Christmas, at weekends, at that time4) after 表示在一点时间以后. Aft er twelve o clock2. 表示的的点的in, on , atin 指大的方, at 是小的点,in 表示的是体, on 表示的是面, at 表示的是点. in 可指内部

4、,on 可指“在之上”There are six windows in the wall.墙上有 6 扇窗子.There are five pictures on the wall墙.上贴着 5 幅画.3. 表示方位的 on, over, under, above, below.1） on , over, above指上方. under, below 指下方. on 指物体接触.2） over 指正上方、 above 指斜上方、 under 指正下方、 below 指斜下方.There will be two bridges over the river.河上将有两座桥.4. between,

5、 amongBetween 指两者之间 , among 指三者或三者以上.5. across , over, throughAcross 表示从这一边到另一边的横过, over 表示从空间通过 , through 就表示从内部空间穿过. Can you swim across the lake.你能游泳过湖吗？6. with, in ,byWith 后跟工具 , in 后跟语言、材料等 , by 跟某种方式.I can write with a pen. 我能用笔写.7. 看似相同,但意义有别的词组.At school 在上学At the school 在学校In front of在前边（外部

6、）In the front of在前部（内部）In class 在课上In the class 在这个班可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -In bed 在睡觉In the bed 在床上In hospital 住院In the hospital 在医院里Go to school 去上学Go to the school 去学校用适当的介词填空1

7、) He knows everything the school.2) He usually goes out for a walk lunch.3) I have lunch half past eleven.4) Please look the blackboard.5.They work 8:00 16:00.5) When do they get up the morning.6) Will we go bus or foot. 7.We have learned a lot you.7) The cup was broken her.8) Where are you . I m Be

8、ijing.9) We are working the people.10) It is time breakfast.11) Class begins nine.12) We come different parts of America.13) She lives her father.14) She often gets up half past six the morning.15) We stay here six months.16) You are leaving Shanghai.17) He was born 1986.18) We usually have meetings

9、 Saturday afternoon.19) Beijing is the capital china.20) Have a cup coffee please.21) Xiao Li was born March25,1991.I. 介词的种类1. 简洁介词,常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without, to, by, with, of, over, behind, up, after, against等.2. 复合介词,如 , along with, because of, in front of, i

10、nstead of等.3. 介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系(1) 和动词的搭配,如agree with, ask for, belong to, keep away from, care abou 等t .(2) 和形容词的搭配,如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at(3) 和名词的搭配,如answer to , key to, reason for,visit to等.* 介词后常跟人称代词的宾格和动词的ing 形式.II. 某些介词的意义与用法区分1. at, on, in表时间 : at 表示时间的一点. in 表示一个时期. on

11、表示特殊日子A. at 后常接几点几分,天明,中午,日出,日落,开头等.如：at five ocloc（k 五点）,at daybreak（ 天亮）,at noon（中午）,at midnight（半夜）, at the beginning of the month（月初）, at that time （那时）, at that moment（那会儿）,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳

12、- - - - - - - - - - - -at this time of day （在一天的这个时候）.B. in 后常接年,月,日期,上午,下午,晚上,白天,季节,世纪等.如：in 2022（ ）,in May ,2022（ 五月）,in the morning（早晨/上午）,in the afternoon（下午）,in the evening（晚上）,in the night（夜晚）,in the daytime（ 白天）,in the 21st century（21 世纪）, in three days（ weeks/month）三天（周 /个月）, in a week （一周）,

13、 in spring （春季）.C. on 后跟某日,星期几,某日的天天,节日等,即详细某一天极其早中、晚 .on Sunday （ 星 期 日 ） , on a warm morning in April （ 四 月 的 一 个温 暖 的 上午 ） ,on a December nigh（t12 月的一个夜晚） ,on that afternoon（那天下午）,on the following night（下一个晚上）, on Christmas afternoon（圣诞节下午）, on October 1,1949（ 1949 年 10 月 1 日）,on New Year s Day.特

14、殊提示 :在 last, next, this, that, some, every等词之前一律不用介词2. between, among表位置 “在.之间”A. between 仅用于二者之间,但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时,也可用between,如I msitting between Tom and Alice.B. among 用于三者或三者以上之间.如：He is the best among the students.3. beside, besides, exceptbeside意为 在旁边,He sat beside me.besides意为 除之外,包括在内.Wh

15、at do you want besides this.except意为 除之外,不包括在内They go to work in a week except Saturday.4. in the tree, on the treein the tree ,指动物或人等外来的东西在树上,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_on the tree 指,果实或叶子等树本身长出来的东西可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_5. on the way, by the way, in this wayon the way 指在路上 , on one s way to . by the

16、 way 指顺便问一句in this way 用这样的方法, in that way , in other way, in these ways6. by bus, on the busby bus 是一般说法 , 固定搭配 ,on the bus特指乘某一辆车7. across, through,和 past “通过, 经过 ”across从表面经过 , 如,road, bridge, riverthrough 从内部空间经过 , 如: city, woods, forests, window, gate past , 从旁边经过 .EX: Fill in the blanks with a

17、crossor through.1. We have to walk the gate to go into the factory.2. When we went the cinema,we saw a traffic accident.3. Look out the window, please.4. Don t walk the ice. It s dangerous.5. Suddenly, a young man ran me.6. If you walk the square, you will see the Sunflower Hotel.7. The river goes t

18、he city.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -8. The old man can swim the stream.9. I walked him without saying hello.10. The army moved the forests quietly.8. on, above, over,在“上 ” , up,A. on

19、指在某物表面上 ,有接触点a book on the tableB. over 指在某物垂直上方 ,无接触点 ,也可指掩盖在某物上 , 与 under 相对a cloth over the table , a fan over the tableC. above 指在某物的上方即可 ,不肯定是垂直上方反义词为below ,The temperature today is above zero今. 天气温零度以上 .D. up 表示在往上的方向反义词 downlook up to the sky 抬头看天空11. in, after“以后 ”A. . “ in 段+ 时间”表示将来的一段时间以后

20、, 用在将来时态中 ., 常回答 how soon 的提问 .B. “ after段+ 时间”表示过去的一段时间以后, 相当于一段时间 + laterMy mother will come back in three or four days.He arrived after five months.= He arrived five minutes later.12. by, with, in , on 表示方式 , 手段,工具,A. . by 以方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具, 或跟 V-ing 形式.B. with表示用工具,C. in 表示用方式,用语言语调、颜色 等D. on 表示通过

21、媒介 , on the telephone, on the radio, on TV Eg:He learned Japanese by listening to the radio.We Chinese have meals with chopsticks. The novel is written in English.Ex: Fill in the blanks with by,with or in,on1. I sent the message to him email.2. The pupils write pencils.3. Do you know the meaning of

22、word Chinese .4. The man climbed up to the tree a ladder.5. They solved the problem communicating.6. The woman was crying a low voice.7. The old man often gets news the radio.8. We often cut things a knife.9. He improved his writing skill keeping diaries.10. My grandpa can sing some songs Russian.13

23、. 放在的点之前的介词 :at, in, onA. at 1表示在小的方 ; 2表示“在邻近,旁边 ”B. in 1 表示 在大的方 ; 2表示“在范畴之内 ”.C. on 表示毗邻,接壤D. to表示在范畴外,不强调是否接壤III. 介词的其他一些用法 .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -1. as, 作为.English is used

24、as a mother language.2. at, 在旁边,The boy is sitting at the door.3. but, 除了.He has nothing but money.4. like,象, 犹如.He looks like my best friend.5. till, until,直到, 在以前.We didn t go home till five yesterday.6. with ,有,带着.I d like some coffee with sugar.7. by, 在.邻近They live by a river.8. 短语介词 : thanks to

25、, because of, in spite of, instead of一. 挑选正确答案 表示时间关系的介词 .1. The plane arrived at London airport Wednesday.A. onB. atC. inD. for2. What do you usually do Christmas.A. onB. atC. inD. for3. The first class begins 8 o clock the morning.A. at/onB. at/inC. on /inD. on/on4. last Saturday, we had had two f

26、ootball matches with Class Two.A. ForB. /C. ByD. During5. We will be in Nanjing Tuesday Thursday.A. on/ throughB. on/toC. from/toD. on./till6. Mr Black will visit our new school building two days.A. beforeB. afterC. atD. in7. the end of last spring Wang Hai joined the army the end.A. At/atB. By/inC.

27、 In /atD. At /in8. We will have a football match this Saturday afternoon.A. onB. /C. inD. for9. He came to see you the evening of May 1t0h.A. inB. atC. onD. for10. I m afraid I gave you a lot of trouble my stay here.A. inB. forC. duringD. on11. The supermarket is open midnight.A. atB. onC. tillD. /1

28、2. Days are longer summer than winter.A. in/inB. in/onC. from/toD. to/in19. New Year s eve people usually don t go to bed until midnight.A. AtB. OnC. ForD. In20. Tom and Paul usually watch TV weekends.A. atB. inC. forD. /21. Every day the old man takes these children home school.A. atB. toC. fromD.

29、after22. Could you come to my office the day after tomorrow. A./B. onC. inD. at23. We had built three bridges over the river the end of 1994.A. atB. onC. forD. by可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - -

30、- - - -24. Life will be better the 21st century.A. atB. onC. forD. in25. Do you often work late night.A. atB. inC. forD. during二.挑选正确答案 表示的点运动方向的介词.1. There is a bridge the river.A. underB. overC. onD. next2. There are many beautiful birds the tree.A. onB. atC. inD. besides3. My house is the two bui

31、ldings, so we get little sunshine during the day.A. betweenB. amongC. inD. at4. Lucy is waiting No.3 bus stop her father.A. for/forB. for/atC. at/forD. at/at5. Is there anything interesting today s newspaper.A. inB. onC. atD. /6. Can you tell me who spoke the meeting .A. atB. alongC. inD. for7. My u

32、ncle lives 208 Smith Street.A. atB. onC. toD. with8. At last we reaches the village the hill.A. at the foot ofB. at footC. on foot ofD. in the foot from9. Shanghai is the east of China and Japan is the east of China.A. to/toB. to /inC. in /toD. in /in10. the end of the street you can find the post o

33、ffice.A. ByB. AtC. OnD. In11. Do you often listen the programmes the radio.A. to/ofB. to /inC. to/onD. on /to12. Please wait the office . Don t come in until you are called.A. inB. intoC. insideD. outside13. Are you going to leave Guangzhou Beijing.A. forB. toC. fromD. in14. There is a hole the wall

34、.A. inB. atC. forD. towards15. Can you tell me the way Shanghai Zoo.A. toB. atC. forD. towards三. 挑选正确答案 留意与一些动词搭配使用的介词1. Thank you your coming.A. toB. ofC. byD. for2. He spent a long time the maths problem.A. inB. onC. forD. at3. Mr Li is going to help him his Chinese this afternoon.A. withB. onC. b

35、yD. at4. How much did you pay this book.A. forB. atC. onD. with5. Please translate the sentence English.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -A. intoB. toC. atD. for6. Please fill the bottle te

36、a.A. byB. withC. forD. in7. The machines cut big pieces of metal small pieces.A. inB. byC. toD. into12. You can borrow the book your school library.A. fromB. toC. forD. at13. I prefer coffee tea.A. overB. toC. forD. than14. Would you show me your factory.A. toB. inC. atD. round15. Help yourself some

37、 fish. It tastes very nice.A. withB. onC. inD. to16. They haven t decided the date for the next meeting.A. forB. byC. inD. on17. Let me introduce her you.A. withB. onC. toD. for18. Li Ling fell his bicycle this morningA. onB. downC. offD. to19. I shouted her, but shi didn t hear me.A. toB. atC. onD.

38、 for20. Tom has made friends many Chinese students.A. withB. toC. byD. among四. 挑选正确答案 留意介词的习惯用法 1. Can you find out the answer these questions.A. ofB. forC. toD. with2. his help, I passed the English test yesterday.A. UnderB. OfC. WithD. by3. Don t forget to bring your text book you.A. inB afterC. w

39、ithD. to4. The people are waiting the bus, and they ate standing line.A. for/onB. for/inC. at /onD. at/in5. Can you sing this song English.A. withB. inC. byD. for6. Who is the boy blue trousers.A. inB. onC. withD. at7. He decided to get some medicine his cold.A. toB. ofC. onD. for8. The baby s sleep

40、ing. Don t speak such a loud voice.A. withB. inC. onD. at9. China is a large country a long history.A. forB. inC. byD. with10. We can t live even for a few minutes air.A. inB. withoutC. byD. with11. The soldiers are standing a row.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 8 页 - -

41、- - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -A. inB. onC. byD. with12. She always serves her customers a smile.A. inB. withC. byD. on13. Don t read the sun. It s bad your eyes.A. under/ofB. in/towardsC. in/ forD. under/for14. How many students go to school foot.A. byB.

42、 inC. onD. with15. _ his great surprise, the experiment has turned out a success.A. InB. ToC. WithD. At16. The girl dark hair and bright eyes is LiLi.A. withB. inC. onD. by17. You can cook a fish many ways.A. inB. byC. withD. for18. Fangfang, here is a letter you. It s your brother.A. from/ toB. for/ toC. for/fromD. for/for可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载