英语词类名词动词形容词副词介词复习进程.ppt

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1、英语词类名词动词形容词副词介词 4.形容词(表示人或事物的特征)adad(adjective)good,easy,new,beautiful 5.副词(表示动作特征或性状特征)-advadv.(adverb)beautifully,carefully,hard,up,very 6.代词(代替名词或数词)-pronpron.(pronoun)we,these,some,everybody,what 7.数词(表示数目或顺序)-numnum.(numeral):nine,fifty,third,twentieth 8介词(用在名词、代词等前面,说明与别的词之间关系)-prep.(prepositi

2、on)in,on,from,through,for 9连词(连接词与词或句与句)-conjconj.(conjunction)and,or,if,when,although 10感叹词(表示说话时的感情或口气)-int int.(interjection)ah,well,wow,why 不定式前的toto为小品词(particles)。yesyes和nono 有人称为肯定词和 否定词,有的词典称之为副词。练习(Exercise)Tell the part of Speech of the following words (用简写符号标出下面各词词类):例:school(n.)1.difficu

3、lty()2.have()3.quietly()4.who()5.big()6.forty()7.take()8.careful()9.into()10.carelessness()答案:1.n 2.v 3.adv 4.pron 5.adj 6.num 7.v 8.adj 9.prep 10.n2.一个词可以分为不同的词类有些词仅属于一个词类,如quickly为副词,come为动词,beautiful 为形容词。但绝大多数词都可以属于两种或多种词类,例如:Lets gogo咱们走吧。(go 用作动词)Id like to have a gogo at it我想试一试。(go用作名词)I hav

4、ent seen him sincesince 1998.我1998 年以后就没见到他了。(since 作介词)We met in 1980.I have never heard from him sincesince 1980.我们1980 年见面以后,我再也没有接到他的音信了。(since 作副词)因此在学一个词时,先要知道它属于哪个词类,然后再弄清它是否还可用作其他词类。英语中的一个词,常可用作另一词类,如:Its a bookshopshop.这是一家书店。where do you shopshop for clothes?你在哪里买衣裳?Its a good buybuy这是一样便宜

5、货。where did you buybuy it?你是在哪里买的?Its a smallsmall park.这是一座小公园。Let me see if I have any smallssmalls.我看看有没有小号的。这种现象叫作词类的转换(conversion)。练习(Exercise)Look up the words in a dictionary and see what part of speech they can be used in.(在字典中查下面的词,看能用作什么词类):1.warm.2.silence.3.until.4.in 5.up 6.before 7.par

6、t 8.more 3.词类的转换 一个词类常可能转换为另一词类:1.某些动词可以转换为名词:TryTry the shirt on.穿上这件衬衫试试(v.)Let me have a trytry我来试一试。(n.)LookLook at me.瞧着我。(v.)Let me have a looklook我来瞧瞧。(n.)2.某些名词也可转换为动词:Open your bookbooks.打开你的书。(n.)Have you bookbooked your ticket?你订票了吗?(v.)Have a seatseat.请坐。(n.)The hall seatseats 500(people

7、).大厅可以坐500 人。(v.)3.某些形容词可以转换为动词:You are too slowslow.你太慢了。(adj.)The train has slowslowed down.火车慢下来了。(v.)Its warmwarm in spring.春天天气暖和。(adj.)They warmwarmed their hands over the fire.他们在炉火上烤手。(v.)4.也有些形容词可转换为名词:He is my deardear friend.他是我亲密的朋友。(adj.)Shes a deardear.她是一个招人喜欢的人。(n.)Prices here are ve

8、ry lowlow.这里的物价很低。(adj.)Profits have reached a new lowlow.利润降到了最低点。(n.)5.有些词用作其他词类时重音会发生变化:Everybody presentpresent prezn t welcome the decision.所有在场的人都欢迎这个决定。The National Theatre is presentingpresenting prizenti a new production of Hamlet.国家剧场正在上演新的哈姆雷特。练习(Exercise)Tell the part of speech of the bo

9、ldfaced words.(说明粗体词的词类)1.Can you swimswim?你能游泳吗?()We stopped there for a swimswim.我们在那里停下来游了一会儿泳。()2.What did he saysay?他说什么了?()We have no saysay in this matter.这事我们没有发言权。()3.Put it in your pocket.pocket.把它放在你口袋里。()He pocketedpocketed the money.他把钱放进了自己的腰包。()答案:1.v,n 2.v,n 3.n,v 4.派生(Derivation)许多词

10、通过加词头词头(或称前缀前缀,prefixes)或词尾词尾(或称后缀后缀suffixes)来构成另一词类,称为派生派生。通过加词头或词尾构成的词称为派生词派生词(derivatives)。英语的词尾主要有下面这些:1.构成名词的词尾(括号中词为例词):-er(singer)-or(sailor)-ist(artist)-ee(employee)-es(hostess)-ian(musician)-ese(Japanese)-ant(contestant)-ism(heroism)-ess(happiness)-(a)tion(examination)ment(movement)-on(deci

11、sion)-ing(wedding)-ship(friendship)-hood(childhood)-age(shortage)-ure(failure)-dom(freedom)-ty(cruelty)-ity(reality)-y(discovery)-th(warmth)-al(arrival)-ance(reliance)-nce(difference)-ful(mouthful)-y(slavery)-eer(engineer)2.构成形容词的词尾:-ful(useful)-less(homeless)-ish(childish)-ive(active)-ous(famous)-a

12、ble(eatable)-ible(responsible)ic(poetic)-ant(pleasant)-ly(lively)-al(cultural)-y(rainy)-ent(dependent)-ary(imaginary)-some(tiresome)-like(childlike)-en(wooden)-ate(fortunate)-an(Indian)-ed(talented)3.其他词尾:-ize(modernize)-en(widen)-ify(simplify)ate(originate)-ly(slowly)-ward(backward)-wise(likewise)-

13、teen(fourteen)-ty(forty)-th(ninth)英语的词头有两类:1.构成反义词的词头:un-(un happy)dis-(disagree)in-(informal)im-(impolite)ir-(irregular)il-(illegal)non-(non-conductor)de-(defrost)2.有特定的意思的词头,如:re-(retell)mis-(misspell)co-(co-exist)anti-(anti-tank)pro-(pro-French)counter-(counteract)over-(overdo)under-(under-paid)e

14、x-(ex-wife)pre (predict)post-(post-war)fore-(foresee)self-(self-made)inter-(interact)tele-(telephone)super-(superman)micro-(microwave)semi-(semi-circle)mini-(minibus)vice-(vice-chairman)练习(Exercise)Underline the suffixes and tell the parts of speech the words belong to.(在词尾下划线,并说明这些词属于哪个词类):1.fearle

15、ss()2.marriage()3.activity()4.jewelry()5.normalize()6.golden()7.safety()8.homeward()9.European()答案:1.less(adj)2.age(n)3.ity(n)4.ry(n)5.-ize(v)6.-en(adj)7.-ty(n)8.-ward(adv)9.-an(adj)5.合成词(Compound Words)英语中有很多词是由两个或是很多词构成的,这种词叫合成词。英语中合成词极多,主要有下面几类:1.1.合成名词:名词名词:silkworm(蚕)名词动名词:sunbathing(日光浴)形容词名词:

16、shorthand(速记)动词副词:get-together(联欢会)动名词名词:waiting-room(候车室)动词名词:pick-pocket(扒手)副词动词:down-fall(垮台)还有一些其他类型的合成名词,如:well-being(福利),go-between(中间人)by-product(副产品editor-in-chief(主编)good-for-nothing(不中用的人)touch-me-not(凤仙花)merry-go-round(旋转木马)2.合成形容词:形容词现在分词:fine-sounding(动听的)副词现在分词:hard-working(勤劳的)名词现在分词:

17、peace-loving(爱好和平的)名词过去分词:state-owned(国有的)副词过去分词:well-known(著名的)形容词名词:large-scale(大规模的)名词形容词:duty-free(免税的)形容词名词ed:good-natured(天性善良的)还有一些其他合成形容词:如:over-all(总体的),all-round(全面的),ever-victorious(常胜的),first-rate(一流的),face-to-face(面对面的),down-to-earth(现实的)3.合成动词:名词动词:sleepwalk(梦游)形容词动词:whitewash(粉刷)副词动词:

18、overthrow(推翻的)4.合成副词:介词副词:forever(永远)副词名词:overhead(在上方)形容词名词ed+ly:whole-heartedly(全心全意地)此外还有合成代词,如:myself,somebody,everything,nobody 等。练习(Exercise)Tell how the following words are formed.(说出下列词是怎样构成的):1.bloodlust 2.greenhouse 3.sleeping-pills 4.breakwater 5.handwriting 6.breakthrough 7.outbreak 8.heart-breaking 9.good-looking 10.heartfelt 11.widespread 12.high-class 13.airsick 14.bad-tempered 15.Eavesdrop 16.upset 17.Blacklist 18.absent-mindedly此课件下载可自行编辑修改,仅供参考!此课件下载可自行编辑修改,仅供参考!感谢您的支持,我们努力做得更好!谢谢感谢您的支持,我们努力做得更好!谢谢

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