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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The method for making beer has changed over time.Hops（啤酒花）,for example,which give many a modem beer its bitter flavor,are a _26_ recent addition to the beverage.This was first mentioned in reference

2、to brewing in the ninth century.Now,researchers have found a _27_ ingredient in residue（残留物）from 5000-year-old beer brewing equipment.While digging two pits at a site in the central plains of China,scientists discovered fragments from pots and vessels.The different shapes of the containers _28_ they

3、 were used to brew,filter,and store beer.They may be ancient“beer-making tools”，and the earliest _29_ evidence of beer brewing in China,the researchers reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.To _30_ that theory,the team examined the yellowish,dried _31_ inside the vessels.Th

4、e majority of the grains,about 80%,were from cereal crops like barley（大麦）and about 10%were bits of roots _32_ lily,which would have made the beer sweeter,the scientists say.Barley was an unexpected find:the crop was domesticated in Western Eurasia and didnt become a _33_ food in central China until

5、about 2,000 years ago,according to the researchers.Based on that timing,they indicate barley may have _34_ in the region not as food,but as _35_ material for beer brewing.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！A)arrived B)consuming C)direct D)exclusively E)including F)inform G)raw H)reached

6、I)relatively J)remains K)resources L)staple M)surprising N)Suggest O)Test 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Section B Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify

7、 the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the question by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Blessing and Curse of the People Who Never Forget A handful of people can recall almost

8、every day of their lives in enormous detail-and after years of research,neuroscientists are finally beginning to understand how they do it.A For most of us,memory is a mess of blurred and faded pictures of our lives.As much as we would like to cling on to our past,even the saddest moments can be was

9、hed away with time.B Ask Nima Veiseh what he was doing for any day in the past 15 years,however,and he will give you the details of the weather,what he was 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！wearing,or even what side of the train he was sitting on his journey to work.“My memory is like 汪

10、 library of video tapes,walk-throughs of every day of my life from waking to sleeping,”he explains.C Veiseh can even put a date on when those tapes started recording:15 December 2000,when he met his first girlfriend at his best friend s 16th birthday party.He had always had a good memory,but the thr

11、ill of young love seems to have shifted a gear in his mind:from now on,he would start recording his whole life in detail.“I could tell you everything about every day after that.”D Needless to say,people like Veiseh are of great interest to neuroscientists（神经科学专家）hoping to understand the way the brai

12、n records our lives.A couple of recent papers have finally opened a window on these peoples extraordinary minds.And such research might even suggest ways for us all to relive our past with greater clarity.E“Highly superior autobiographical memory”(or HSAM for short),first came to light in the early

13、2000s,with a young woman named Jill Price.Emailing the neuroscientist and memory researcher Jim McGaugh one day,she claimed that she could recall every day of her life since the age of 12.Could he help explain her experiences?欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！F McGaugh invited her to hi

14、s lab,and began to test her:he would give her a date and ask her to tell him about the world events on that day.True to her word,she was correct almost every time.G It didnt take long for magazines and documentary film-makers to come to understand her“total recall”,and thanks to the subsequent media

15、 interest,a few dozen other subjects(including Veiseh)have since come forward and contacted the team at the University of California,Irvine.H Interestingly,their memories are highly self-centred:although they can remember“autobiographical”life events in extraordinary detail,they seem to be no better

16、 than average at recalling impersonal information,such as random（任意选取的）lists of words.Nor are they necessarily better at remembering a round of drinks,say.And although their memories are vast,they are still likely to suffer from“false memories Clearly,there is no such thing as a“perfect”memorytheir

17、extraordinary minds are still using the same flawed tools that the rest of us rely on.The question is,how?I Lawrence Patihis at the University of Southern Mississippi recently 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！studied around 20 people with HSAM and found that they scored particularly hi

18、gh on two measures:fantasy proneness（倾向）and absorption.Fantasy proneness could be considered a tendency to imagine and daydream,whereas absorption is the tendency to allow your mind to become fully absorbed in an activity to pay complete attention to the sensations(感受)and the experiences.“Im extreme

19、ly sensitive to sounds,smells and visual detail,”explains Nicole Donohue,who has taken part in many of these studies.“I definitely feel things more strongly than the average person.”J The absorption helps them to establish strong foundations for recollection,says Patihis,and the fantasy proneness me

20、ans that they revisit those memories again and again in the coming weeks and months.Each time this initial memory trace is“replayed”，it becomes even stronger.In some ways,you probably go through that process after a big event like your wedding day but the difference is that thanks to their other psy

21、chological tendencies,the HSAM subjects are doing it day in,day out,for the whole of their lives.K Not everyone with a tendency to fantasise will develop HSAM,though,so Patihis suggests that something must have caused them to think so much about their past.“Maybe some experience in their 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档

22、，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！childhood meant that they became obsessed(着迷）with calendars and what happened to them,”says Patihis.L The people with HSAM Fve interviewed would certainly agree that it can be a mixed blessing.On the plus side,it allows you to relive the most transformative and en

23、riching experiences.Veiseh,for instance,travelled a lot in his youth.In his spare time,he visited the local art galleries,and the paintings are now lodged deep in his autobiographical memories.M“Imagine being able to remember every painting,on every wall,in every gallery space,between nearly 40 coun

24、tries,”he says.“Thats a big education in art by itself.”With this comprehensive knowledge of the history of art,he has since become a professional painter.N Donohue,now a history teacher,agrees that it helped during certain parts of her education:“I can definitely remember what I learned on certain

25、days at school.I could imagine what the teacher was saying or what it looked like in the book.”O Not everyone with HSAM has experienced these benefits,however.Viewing the past in high definition can make it very difficult to get over pain and regret.“It can be very hard to forget embarrassing moment

26、s,”欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！says Donohue.“You feel the same emotionsit is just as raw,just as fresh ou cant turn off that stream of memories,no matter how hard you try.”Veiseh agrees:“It is like having these open wounds they are just a part of you,”he says.P This means they oft

27、en have to make a special effort to lay the past to rest.Bill,for instance,often gets painful“flashbacks”,in which unwanted memories intrude into his consciousness,but overall he has chosen to see it as the best way of avoiding repeating the same mistakes.“Some people are absorbed in the past but no

28、t open to new memories,but thats not the case for me.I look forward to each day and experiencing something new.”36.People with HSAM have the same memory as ordinary people when it comes to impersonal information.37.Fantasy proneness will not necessarily cause people to develop HSAM.38.Veiseh began t

29、o remember the details of his everyday experiences after he met his first young love.39.Many more people with HSAM started to contact researchers due to the mass media.40.People with HSAM often have to make efforts to avoid 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！focusing on the past.41.Most

30、people do not have clear memories of past events.42.HSAM can be both a curse and a blessing.43.A young woman sought explanation from a brain scientist when she noticed her unusual memory.44.Some people with HSAM find it very hard to get rid of unpleasant memories.45.A recent study of people with HSA

31、M reveals that they are liable to fantasy and full absorption in an activity.Section C Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choic

32、e and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！The phrase almost completes itself:midlife crisis.Its the stage in the middle of the journey wh

33、en people feel youth vanishing,their prospects narrowing and death approaching.Theres only one problem with the cliche（套话）.It isnt true.“In fact,there is almost no hard evidence for midlife crisis other than a few small pilot studies conducted decades ago,”Barbara Hagerty writes in her new book,Life

34、 Reimagined.The bulk of the research shows that there may be a pause,or a shifting of gears in the 40s or 50s,but this shift“can be exciting,rather than terrifying.”Barbara Hagerty looks at some of the features of people who turn midlife into a rebirth.They break routines,because“autopilot is death.

35、”They choose purpose over happinesshaving a clear sense of purpose even reduces the risk of Alzheimers disease.They give priority to relationships,as careers often recede（逐渐淡化）.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Life Reimagined paints a picture of middle age that is far from gloomy.Midli

36、fe seems like the second big phase of decision-making.Your identity has been formed;youve built up your resources;and now you have the chance to take the big risks precisely because your foundation is already secure.Karl Barth described midlife precisely this way.At middle age,he wrote,“the sowing i

37、s behind;now is the time to reap.The run has been taken;now is the time to leap.Preparation has been made;now is the time for the venture of the work itself.”The middle-aged person,Barth continued,can see death in the distance,but moves with a“measured haste”to get big new things done while there is

38、 still time.What Barth wrote decades ago is even truer today.People are healthy and energetic longer.We have presidential candidates running for their first term in office at age 68,69 and 74.A longer lifespan is changing the narrative structure of life itself.What could have been considered the beg

39、inning of a decent is now a potential turning point the turning point you are most equipped to take full advantage of.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！46.What does the author think of the phrase“midlife crisis”？A)It has led to a lot of debate.B)It is widely acknowledged.C)It is no long

40、er fashionable.D)It misrepresents real life.【答案】D 【解析】本题定位在第二段。47.How does Barbara Hagerty view midlife?A)It may be the beginning of a crisis.B)It can be a new phase of ones life.C)It can be terrifying for the unprepared.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！D)It may see old-age disease app

41、roaching.【答案】B 【解析】根据题干中的关键词 Barbara Hagerty可定位至第三、四段。48.How is midlife pictured in the book Life Reimagined?A)It can be quite rosy.B)It can be burdensome.C)It undergoes radical transformation.D)It makes for the best part of ones life.【答案】A 【解析】根据题干中的关键词 pictured和 Life Reimagined可定位至第五段第一句。欢迎您阅读并下载本

42、文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！49.According to Karl Barth,midlife is the time.A)to relax B)to mature C)to harvest D)to reflect 【答案】C 【解析】根据题干中的关键词 Karl Barth可定位至第六段。50.What does the author say about midlife today?A)It is more meaningful than other stages of life.B)It is likely to change the n

43、arrative of ones life.C)It is more important to those with a longer lifespan.D)It is likely to be a critical turning point in ones life.【答案】D 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！【解析】根据题干中的关键词 midlife today可定位至最后一段。Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.In spring

44、,chickens start laying again,bringing a welcome source of protein at winters end.So its no surprise that cultures around the world celebrate spring by honoring the egg.Some traditions are simple,like the red eggs that get baked into Greek Easter breads.Others elevate the egg into a fancy art,like th

45、e heavily jewel-covered“eggs”that were favored by the Russians starting in the 19th century.One ancient form of egg art comes to us from Ukraine.For centuries,Ukrainians have been drawing complicated patterns on eggs.Contemporary artists have followed this tradition to create eggs that speak to the

46、anxieties of our age:Life is precious,and delicate.Eggs are,too.“Theres something about their delicate nature that appeals 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！to me,”says New Yorker cartoonist Roz Chast.Several years ago,she became interested in eggs and learned the traditional Ukrainian

47、technique to draw her very modem characters.“I ve broken eggs at every stage of the process 一 from the very beginning to the very,very end.”But theres an appeal in that vulnerability.“Theres part of this sickening horror of knowing youre walking on the edge with this,that I kind of like,knowing that

48、 it could all fall apart at any second.”Chasts designs,such as a worried man alone in a tiny rowboat,reflect that delicateness.Traditional Ukrainian decorated eggs also spoke to those fears.The elaborate patterns were believed to offer protection against evil.“Theres an ancient legend that as long a

49、s these eggs are made,evil will not prevail in the world,”says Joan Brander,a Canadian egg-painter who has been painting eggs for over 60 years,having learned the art from her Ukrainian relatives.The tradition,dating back to 300 B.C.,was later incorporated 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质

50、的文档！into the Christian church.The old symbols,however,still endure.A decorated egg with a bird on it,given to a young married couple,is a wish for children.A decorated egg thrown into the field would be a wish for a good harvest.51.Why do people in many cultures prize the egg?A)It is a welcome sign