thinking as a hobby86321.ppt

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1、 Thinking as a HobbyWilliam GoldingR einforcementT ext AnalysisThinking as a HobbyB ackgroundW arming upUnit1Questions/ActivitiesCheck-on PreviewObjectivesWBTRThinking as a HobbyUnit1WarmingupWarming upQuestions/ActivitiesFirst,lets THINK about the title for a while:ppWhat do you do for a hobby?What

2、 do you do for a hobby?ppWhat does a hobby mean for you?What does a hobby mean for you?ppWhat does the author mean by saying“thinking as a hobby”?What does the author mean by saying“thinking as a hobby”?ppHave Have youyou ever considered thinking as a hobby ever considered thinking as a hobby?ppCANC

3、AN you think?you think?ppHow often do you think in class?How often do you think in class?WBTRCheck-onPreview(1)Definition:Argument flagged.(Para.26)If you flag or if your spirits flag,you begin to lose enthusiasm or energy.His enthusiasm was in no way flagging.他的热情丝毫未减By 4000m he was beginning to fl

4、ag。跑到4000米时，他开始体力不支。I was given the third degree to find out what had happened.(Para.28)WBTRWarming upParaphrase:If either happened to be prominent in current affairs,no argument could make Mr.Houghton think well of it.(Para.21)Grade-two thinking,though it filled life with fun and excitement,did not

5、 make for content.(Para.29)Warming upCheck-onPreview(2)ObjectivesContent:Understand the authors classification of three grades of thinkingSummarize the characteristics of each grade of thinkingComment on the authors classificationSolve your own questions about the storyWriting&LanguageAppreciate the

6、 use of humor,sarcasm,and exaggerationAnalyze the rhetorical devices used:similes,metaphors;metonymy,parallelism,etc.WBTRWarming upBackgroundMemorable QuotesAuthorBWTRThinking as a HobbyUnit1BackgroundAuthorBWTR,“His work is characterized by exploration of the darkness of mans heart,deep spiritual a

7、nd ethical questions.”William Golding(1911 1993),British writer,1983 Nobel Prize WinnerBackgroundAuthorHisInfluenceBWTRAt the Nobel Prize ReceptionTwenty-five years ago I accepted the label pessimist thoughtlessly without realising that it was going to be tied to my tail Critics have dug into my boo

8、ks until they could come up with something that looked hopeless.I cant think why.I dont feel hopeless myself Under some critical interrogation I named myself a universal pessimist but a cosmic optimist”To listen to his Nobel lecture,please visit http:/nobelprize.org/literature/laureates/1983/golding

9、-lecture.html BackgroundHisWorksAuthorBWTRHis most well-known work:Lord of the Flies(1954)About a group of small British boys who lapse into violence after they have been stranded on a desert island and lost all adult guidance.Ironically the adult world is devastated by nuclear war.Human nature is i

10、nherently corruptible and wicked?Some other works198019951964AuthorBackgroundLearningwithoutthoughtislaborlost.-ConfuciusManisbutareed,themostfeeblethinginnature,butheisathinkingreed(一株会思考的芦苇一株会思考的芦苇).-Blaise PascalReadingfurnishesthemindonlywithmaterialsofknowledge;itisthinkingthatmakeswhatwereadou

11、rs.-John LockeEducationisthemethodicalcreationofthehabitofthinking.-Ernest DimneWhat do people say about THINKING?BackgroundMemorableQuotesDetailedAnalysisStructureThemeThinking as a HobbyUnit1TextAnalysisTWBRText AnalysisThemeWhat is the central idea of the text?Who was the author addressing to?Wha

12、t was his purpose?TWBRText AnalysisStructureTWBR The first part:p1-15 The second part:p16-24 The third part:p25-29IntroductionGrade-two thinking The fourth part:p30-35Grade-one thinkingGrade-three thinkingText AnalysisDetailedAnalysisComprehension QsStudents ActivitiesWords&ExpressionsExercisePart I

13、 Part II Part III Part IV TWBRText AnalysisDetailedAnalysisSection I(Para.1 Para.15)At the headmasters officeText AnalysisDetailedAnalysisI.Text AnalysisHow are the three statuettes described by the boy and what do they symbolize?To be continued on the next page.VenusLeopardRodins Thinkernaked with

14、nothing but a bath towel;no arms;in an unfortunate positioncrouching;nakednaked,muscular,who sat,looking down;his chin on his fist and elbow on his kneefrozen in panic,worrying about the towelbusying being beautifulready to spring down at the top drawer from the cupboardutterly miserable;contemplate

15、 the hindquarters of the leopard in endless gloombusy being naturalnot miserable,an image of pure thoughtI.Text AnalysisThey represented the whole of life.The leopard stood for all animal needs or desires;Venus stood for love and the Thinker stood for thinking as a uniquely human feature.An humorous

16、 and sarcastic effect has been achieved by the authors description of the statuettes,which established a background to support his later analysis of three grades of thinking and some human natures.To be continued on the next page.Question:What do the three statuettes symbolize?What effect do the boy

17、s descriptions have?BTLEWLDont you ever think at all?Then youd better learn hadnt you?Thats what a man looks like when hes really thinking.Text AnalysisDetailedAnalysisWhywasheafrequentvisitortotheheadmastersstudy?Whatwouldhedowhenhefoundhimselfinapenalpositionbeforetheheadmastersdesk?Whatwouldhesee

18、whenhewasdemandedtolookup?Howdidhedescribethethreestatuettes?Text AnalysisDetailedAnalysisComprehension QsWhycouldnthecommunicatewiththeheadmaster?Whatwastheconclusionhecametointheend?Canyoubrieflyintroducethetwocharacters:theheadmaster&theboy?Text AnalysisDetailedAnalysisFor Further ThoughtIn the o

19、riginal essay,Golding mentioned he later changed the positions of the three statuettes and also told us if he had had chance again,he would rearranged them in a different way.Besides the humorous effect,does it imply anything else?How would you arrange the three statuettes?Text AnalysisDetailedAnaly

20、sisStatuette(para.2)Nothing but:only(para.2)Lest(subjunctive mood in its clause)(para.2)In a position to:to be able to do(para.2)Next to(para.2)Being natural(para.3)If anything:on the contrary(para.4)endowwith(para.15)“there+be”patternPart I words&expressions DetailedAnalysisText AnalysisLestIf you

21、do something lest something unpleasant should happen,you do it to try to prevent the unpleasant thing from happening.I was afraid to open the door lest he should follow me.And,lest we forget,Einstein wrote his most influential papers while working as a clerk.be in position to do sth:to be able to do

22、 sth.because you have ability,power or money to do itI am not in a position to lend you money.For the first time in history,man is now in a position to destroy the whole world.delinquentJuvenile delinquent n.少年犯Delinquent children adj.（通常指青少年）常有违法行为的，屡犯轻罪的。Sentence Paraphrase 1go to 2I was not integ

23、rated,I was,if anything,disintegrated.(Para.4)Forming a part of a harmonious groupThe direct opposite of“integrated”,and therefore means some kind of trouble maker.This is not the the way the word is normally used.on the contraryTo be continued on the next page.Sentence Paraphrase back to 1if anythi

24、nga.如果有什么（区别）的话b.恰恰相反 I never had to clean up after him.If anything,he did most of the cleaning.Im not ashamed of her.If anything,Im proud.Writhe:1.to twist the body(as if)in great pain 蠕动、扭动身体2.感到极度痛苦、难堪、厌恶等Writhe with shame 羞愧难当Writhe in apology 深感内疚Writhe under(or:at)insults 因受辱而极度痛苦contemplate:t

25、o think for a long time in order to understand better in a gloomy manner v.a.to look at attentively and thoughtfully （沉思地）注视，凝视 b.to consider carefully and at length 对。做周密思考 c.to have in mind as an intention or possibility 盘算、打算She stood contemplating her figure in the mirror.The young surgeon conte

26、mplated the difficult operation of kidney transplant.She is contemplating a trip to Europe,but she hasnt planned it yet.5.contemplateSentence Paraphrase 2go to 3The muscular gentleman contemplated the hindquarters of the leopard in endless gloom.(Para.9)To think for a long time in order to understan

27、d better in a gloomy mannerThe author expressed the boys viewing of the image of Thinker in a humorous way to show that the thinking doesnt make any sense to him.The teachers glasses caught the light and therefore the boy could not see the teachers eyes.He could not have any eye contact.He could hav

28、e any communication with him.The implied meaning of this sentence is that they could not communicate,not because of this but because of the teachers lack of understanding of the boy.Sentence Paraphrase 3go to 4His spectacles caught the light so that you could see nothing human behind them.There was

29、no possibility of communication.(Para.9)To have the light shine on it brightly and suddenly v.(vi.)to feel or suffer anguish 感受痛苦 n.agonizing physical or mental pain;torment 痛苦 a.anguished Her husbands death anguished her deeply.She was in anguish over her missing child.anguished cries2.anguishSynon

30、ymssuffering,agony,distress,grief,heartache,heartbreak,misery,pain sorrow,torment,tortureSentence Paraphrase 4go to 5On one occasion he headmaster leaped to his feet,reached up and put Rodins masterpiece on the desk before me.(Para.13)to jump upTo move a hand or arm upward in order to touch,hold,or

31、pick up sth.Also:to reach sth.down;to reach out(for);to reach intoThree parallel verb phrases are used to describe the sequence of his actions.To be continued on the next page.Sentence Paraphrase go back to 4to leap to ones feetto rise to ones feetto struggle to ones feetto stagger to ones feetto he

32、lp sb.to ones feetto pull sb.to his feet一跃而起站起身来挣扎着站起来蹒跚而立扶某人站起来把某人拉起来to ones feet 站起来reach up:向上伸出手A hand reached out and seized my arm.He reached across(or:over)for the last cake.I reached into my pocket for a cigarette.He reached for a stone with his feet.Sentence Paraphrase 5go to 6Nature had en

33、dowed the rest of the human race with a sixth sense and left me out.(Para.15)A keen intuitive(直觉的)power.Here the author means the ability to think.To provide sb.with a natural quality or talentEverybody,except me,are born with the ability to think.endow:She is one of those lucky women who are endowe

34、d with both a sharp brain and great beauty.We hold these truths to be self-evident,that all men are created equal,that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights,that among these are Life,Liberty,and the pursuit of Happiness.我们认为下面这些真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物者赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权

35、和追求幸福的权利 -The Declaration of Independence,Thomas JeffersonPartIExerciseFillintheblanks:He did not tell his father about the exam _ he get mad at him.The two tall buildings used to stand right _ each other.He is not known for his generosity.He is,_,quite miserly.While Im unemployed,Im _ to support a

36、family.All men are created equal.They are _ by their Creator with certain unalienable rights.lestnext to if anything in no positionendowedDetailedAnalysisText AnalysisSection II(Para.16 24)Grade-three ThinkingText AnalysisDetailedAnalysisMr.HoughtonNow,boys!Deep breaths!Feel it right down inside you

37、 huge draughts of Gods good air!He would stand before us,put his hands on his waist and take a tremendous breath.You could hear the wind,trapped in his chest and struggling with all the unnatural impediments.His body would reel with shock and his face go white at the unaccustomed visitation.He would

38、 stagger back to his desk and collapse there,useless for the rest of the morning.Text AnalysisDetailedAnalysisComprehension QsWhat kind of person was Mr.Houghton?What kind of person was Mr.Houghton?WhatheclaimedTelling me to thinkHe had thought a bit himself.Always talking about the clean life and t

39、he virtues of fresh air.High-minded monologues about the good life,sexless and full of duty.WhathedidHeavy drinkingHealth ruinedUnaccustomed to fresh airWatching girls out of sightSettled detestation of France&AmericaDetailedAnalysisText AnalysisWhat is grade-three thinking?How did the author deal w

40、ith grade-three thinkers at first?Did he changed his idea about this group of people later?What do you think happened with his encounter with the pious lady?Text AnalysisDetailedAnalysis7.exaltv.to glorify,praise,or honor颂扬 exalted a.excited;noble;exaggeratedExamples:-However difficult she might hav

41、e been,this book exalts her as both mother and muse.-His work exalts all those virtues that we,as Americans,are taught to hold dear.他的作品颂扬了所有那些身为美国人应该珍视的美德。vt.If you hustle someone,you try to make them go somewhere or do something quickly,for example by pulling or pushing them along.猛推，猛拉，推搡9.hustle

42、Examples:The police hustled the prisoner into a van.Mother hustled the children off to school lest they should be late.We hustled to get dinner ready on time.oratory:art of public speakingSometimes he got carried away and would jump from his desk and hurry us outside into a cold and unpleasant wind

43、10.impediment n.a.a fact or event which makes action difficult or impossible 妨碍、阻碍、障碍物 b.an organic defect preventing clear articulation 口吃Examples:The main impediment to development is the countrys huge foreign debt.He has an impediment in speech.他讲话口吃。To be continued on the next page.impede:to get

44、 in the way or slow down by making action or movement difficult his departure was impeded by heavy rain.妨碍、阻止To be continued on the next page.Reel:1.to walk unsteadily,moving from side to side,as if drunk 踉跄2.to step away suddenly and unsteadily as if after being hit 打趔趄3.to be in a state of shock,c

45、onfusion,or uncertainty（头脑）眩晕；（客体）似在摇晃His mind reeled when he heard the terrible news.听到那骇人的消息，他只觉得一阵眩晕。The mountains reeled before her eyes.Note the humorous effect achieved through the use of the exaggeration and formal stylego to 7The fresh air had to struggle with difficulty to find its way to h

46、is chest because he was unaccustomed to this.He would stagger or be thrown off balanceUnable to do anything for the rest of the morningV-ed and V-ing as object complementYou could hear the wind,trapped in his chest and struggling with all the unnatural impediments.His body would reel with shock and

47、his face go white at the unaccustomed visitation.He would stagger back to his desk and collapse there,useless for the rest of the morning.(Para.19)Mr.Houghton was given to high-minded monologues about the good life,sexless and full of duty.(Para.20)To be habitually inclined to do(sth.):有。倾向的 The chi

48、ld is given to lying.She was given to hasty decision.a highly moral speechObviously in Mr.Houghtons clean life,there is no place for alcoholic drink,sex,and other worldly pleasures.This is,of course,ironical.The author is ridiculing the contradiction between his high moral tone and the working of hi

49、s genes which compels him to turn his head toward young girls.go to 9Yet in the middle of these monologues,if a girl passed the window,his neck would turn of itself and he would watch her out of sight.In this instance,he seemed to me ruled not by thought but by an invisible and irresistible spring i

50、n his neck.(Para.20)To turn by itself;to turn on its ownParallel structure of two prepositional phrases to show the contrastMetaphor:his sexual impulseSpring:弹性、弹力、活力；弹簧There was little spring in his muscles.他的肌肉不太有弹性了。The old man walks with the spring of a young one.那位老人走起路来和年轻人一样轻快有力。not think muc