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1、湖南第一师范学院 毕业论文(设计) 题目 (中文)英文网络语言对汉语隐喻能力的影响 （英文）The Influence of English Netspeak on Chinese Metaphoric Competence学生姓名李肖学号指导教师周敏系（部）外语系专业班级10级英语1班完成时间2014年5月The Influence of English Netspeak on Chinese Metaphoric CompetenceByLi XiaoA Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirementsfor the D

2、egree of BACHELOR OF ARTSDepartment of Foreign Languages, HUNAN FIRST NORMAL UNIVERSITYMay, 2014毕业论文(设计)作者声明1本人提交的毕业论文(设计)是本人在指导教师指导下独立进行研究取得的成果。除文中特别加以标注的地方外，本文不包含其他人或其它机构已经发表或撰写过的成果。对本文研究做出重要贡献的个人与集体均已在文中明确标明。2本人完全了解湖南第一师范学院有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学院保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交本文的复印件和电子版，允许本文被查阅、借阅或编入有关数据库进行检索。同意湖南第一

3、师范学院可以采用影印、打印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本文，可以用不同方式在不同媒体上发表、传播本文的全部或部分内容。3湖南第一师范学院在组织专家对毕业论文(设计)进行复审时，如发现本文抄袭，一切后果均由本人承担，与学院和毕业论文指导教师无关。作者签名： 日期：二一 年 月 日摘 要随着互联网的迅猛发展以及使用互联网进行交际的日趋频繁，一种新的语言形式-网络语言诞生了并不断繁衍。如今人们对网络语言越来越关注，尤其是语言学家，他们对网络语言的来源、定义、特点、构成方式、分类等都有研究，但从隐喻能力的角度研究的较少，因此，本文从认知语言学衍生出的隐喻能力出发，以定量分析和定性研究相结合，通过问卷调查

4、，分析了英文网络语言对汉语隐喻能力的影响。本文发现：英文网络语言对汉语隐喻能力的影响主要表现在四种机制中：意义相似机制、结构相似机制、发音相似机制和形状相似机制。其中，意义生成机制对汉语隐喻能力影响最大。 关键词：英文网络语言；汉语网络语言；隐喻能力AbstractThe rapid development of the Internet and more and more communication performed by computers leads to the birth and the prosperity of a new language variety-Netspeak.

5、Nowadays,more and more people,especially linguists,pay much attention to Netspeak.Actually,they have done much more researches on origins,definitions,features,formations and classifications ,fewer researches have put metaphoric competence into Netspeak. From the competence perspective under the cogn

6、itive, based on quantitative and qualitative analysis, this essay analyzes the influence of English Netspeak on metaphorical competence of Chinese Netspeak. Moreover, questionnaire is included. The effect mainly lies in four mechanisms based on similarities in meaning，structure，phonetics and shape.

7、Among the four mechanisms, similarities in meaning weighs most. Key words: English netspeak;Chinese netspeak;metaphoric competenceContents摘要I AbstractIIChapter 1 Introduction1Chapter 2 Introduction to Netspeak4Chapter 3 Metaphoric Competence and Netspeak63.1 Definitions of Metaphoric Competence63.2

8、Metaphoric Competence on Chinese Netspeak 7Chapter 4 Empirical Research of the Influence of Metaphoric Competence on Chinese Netspeak104.1 The way of the Research104.2 Research Respondents104.3 Questionnaire Design104.4 Statistical Analysis of the Questionnaire.104.4.1 Analysis of subjective attitud

9、e toward network language. 11. 4.4.2 Analysis of overall cognition of network language.12 . 4.4.3 Analysis of cognition of four systems.13Chapter 5 Conclusion.19 Bibliography20Acknowledgements.21Appendix.22Chapter 1 IntroductionThe first computer was created in 1946. The rapid development of Interne

10、t offers us a new way to communicate with others, known as computer-mediated communication(CMC), which engaged by millions of people in the world. English Netspeak, a new member in the language family , has come into being as an indispensable part of English because the requirment of the new way of

11、communication . On January 26th, 2011, Dr Hamadoun Tour, Secretary of International Telecommunication Union( ITU), stated that untill 2000, the global Internet users were only 0.025 billions, whereas it exceeded 2 biliions until 2011, which occupy one third of whole population in the world. With the

12、 arise and development of the Internet, there is a dramatically increasing number of people using Netspeak as web and on-line communication, leaving a deep effect on their laguage.According to the 33rd Statistical Report of China Internet Network Development , published by China Intenet Network Info

13、rmation Center in December 2013, Chinese netizens reached 6180 millions with inreasing 5.358 millions compared with that of last year, the Internet penetration is 45.8%. The endless expanding Chinese netizens inevitablly leads to the widespread of Netspeak. In fact,as a new field of linguistic resea

14、rch, the appearance of Netspeak attracted much attention and aroused a lot of debate. Experts in various field including sociology, linguistics and psychology have put their focuses on this newly born language variety. For example,Internet originated in the Unites States,so the study of Netspeak eme

15、rged relatively earlier in foriegn countries. Its generally acknowledged that it is Naomi Baron that commerce doing research on it. He emphasized on exploring the influence of computer network communication on language.Later,schlors established websites and compiled dictionaries to do futher researc

16、h.To a certain degree, Chinese Netspeak derives from English Netspeak, so many Chinese scholars studied similarities between English and Chinese Netspeak. However, there is no denying that different countries mean different culture as well as different ways of thinking. Chinese Netspeak borrowed fro

17、m English have changed a lot to adapt to Chinese way of thinking, and maybe the same with Chinese word formation. So the study of this paper tries to find the influence of English Netspeak on Chinese word formation.Until March 1st, 2013, with netspeak as key words,it contianed documents on the world

18、s leading digital publishing platform CNKI which dedicates to providing knowledge and information services to every work home and abroad; with Netspeak and cognitive linguistics as key words,there is 1434; with Netspeak and Chinese metaphoric competence,there is 55. A natural conclusion can be drawn

19、 that the study from the pespective of metaphoric competence is in the minority. And this paper try to find the influence of English Netspeak on Chinese metaphoric competence from that view.Chinese Netspeak comes from English Netspeak, but Chinese netizens can not master internel link between them,

20、and thus they are able to understand Chinese Netspeak, let along create or predicate the formation of Chinese new words.Therefore, the study, from the perspective of metaphoric competence,is an advanced progress which apply theories to practical language analysis and an excellent achivement that cog

21、nitive linguistics does for liguistics study. The study of this paper also tries to offer a reference to the influencial factors of English Netspeak on Chinese metaphoric comprtence.This paper can be devides into five parts. The first part is the introduction, which briefly introduce the background

22、information and the of the study, the purpose of the study, the layout of the paper. The second part described the research status.The third part explore the relationship between metaphoric competence and Netspeak. The fourth part is an empirical research on the influence of English Netspeak on Chin

23、ese metaphoric competence. The fifth part act as the conclusion.In this paper, the author tries to analyze the influence of English Netspeak on Chinese Character in meaning and word formation from the point of metaphoric competence, Giving Chinese netizens stategies to comprehend Netspeak and knowin

24、g alterlation to word fomation, and thus mediate network communication and creative word formation Chapter 2 Introduction to NetspeakIn 1997, World Language Research and Information Cencer of Hartford University in the United States convened a forum about Internet and Language . In 2003, the first I

25、nternational seminar Internet and Language held in Spain. Those two conferences symnolized that Netspeak has aroused linguistics attention all over the world. After that, other countries follow their footsteps to do research on Netspeak.In foreign countries, in 1975, Raphael Finkel, a Stanford Unive

26、rsity scholar, started to do research on English Netspeak. David Crystal(2001:18) defined Netspeak in his works Language and the Internet :appears in all network environments, to reflect the unique aspect of the media network, which has electronic, global, interactive features. In June 1995, Margare

27、t McLaughlin and Sheizaf Rafaeli established an online periodical which collected essays about Netspeak from journalism, sociology and other subjects.Chinese Netspeak derives from English Netspeak. China, accessing to Internet in 1994, has rapidly developed in its research on Netspeak. The achieveme

28、nt mainly lies in dicyionary compipation, such as Online Fashion Dictionary by Yi Wenan(2000); Yu Genyuans Chinese Internet Language Dictionary(2001) , collecting 1300 words and expressions, is the most influential dictionary about Chinese Netspeak so far. Another one is Liu Haiyans Cyber Language,

29、she concludes:Cyber language is the language that appeared and applied on the network. It is used at first as a carrier of information dissemination, which can be called “computer language” or “technology language” that resorts to a few vocabularies and grammar rules, “to facilitate the understandin

30、g and confirmation between the different machines” (Liu Haiyan, 2002:2)Liu Haiyan(2002) classified netspeak into three types: (1) the technical terms used on the Internet,such as disc, homepage, LAN, mouse,terminal, ect. (2) the terms related to network culture, such as network university, keyboard

31、companion,etc. (3) the expressions netizens use in the chat rooms or BBS, such as “斑竹”, “赛羊”，“7456”，etc.(Liu Haiyan,2002:37-38). She classified it into seven groups: compound formation; homophonic formation; parody formation; borrow formation; lexical variation formation;reduplicated formation; new

32、meanings added to former words. Due to the limitation of time and ability, this paper mainly discuss the last one, that is to say, created by netizens. And chinese Netspeak can be classified into four aspects: the similarities in meaning，structure，phonetics and shape.Chapter 3 Metaphoric Competence

33、and NetspeakThere are some words in Internet laguage, which puzzle those Chinese netizens. And there are usually metaphoric.Moreover, they often serve as vehicles in the metaphors. Lack of tenor in Internet metaphorical expressions sets up barrier for Chinese netizens to full understanding of these

34、weird words.3.1 The origin and development of metaphoric competenceIn the book Metaphor We Live by(1980), Lackoff and Johnson defined metaphor as follows:Metaphor is for most people a device of the poetic imagination and the rhetoric flourisha matter extraordinary languege. Moreover, metaphor is typ

35、ically viewed as character istic of language alone, a matter of words rather than thought or action. For this reason, most people think they can get along perfectly well without metaphor, We have found, on the contrary, that metaphor is pervasive in everyday lafe, not just in language but in thought

36、 and action. Our ordinary conceptual system, in terms of which we both think and act, is fundamentally metaphoric in nature.(Lackoff & Johnson,1980)Cognitive Linguistics holds this opinion that metaphor is not only a sort of rhetoric, but also a way to get known to things.It is one kind of cognitive

37、 activity in which human explain or understand things by adopting experience of one certain field to another(Shu Dingfang,2000). It is the experience and similar essence of metaphor that have advanced the promotion and application of metaphor.In the structure of metaphor, the reason of the knowledge

38、 or experience of two kind of fields(source field and target field) are mentioned in the same breath is that they are “similar” to human in cognitive field and, this is the ability of metaphor, the ability of building new analogy across different fields. So, it is not only via visual sense, but also

39、 via other senses for human to cognize things(Zhao Yanfang,2000:101). Metaphoric competence developes from metaphor of Cognitive Linguistics, and thus there some similarities between them. Metaphoric competence was put forward by Polli & Smith(1980:365-392), which is the traditional view of it. Trad

40、itinal metaphoric competence has broad meaning as well as marrow meaning. The broad meaning focus on metaphoric social interactive function, while the narrow meaning concentrate on the skills of metaphoric cognition.(Yuan Fengshi & Xu Bao Fang & Wang Lifei, 2012). Chinese scholar Wang Yan and Li Hon

41、g (2004) regardes metaphoric competence as the ability to make difference, understand and build links over fields. The ability includes understanding, mastering metaphor and creatively using metaphor, the higher goals conclude imaginary and creative skills. This paper are approvel of their concept.

42、Mei Cuiping(2012) claims that not only do netizens copy and transport new words, but they deliver the creative ways of doing that. 3.2 The influence of metaphoric competence on Chinese NetspeakNot all Chinese netizens can accept and take full advantage of these similarities to translate English netw

43、ork language into Chinese network language. The similarities including similarity in meaning system,similarity in structure, similarity in pronunciation and similarity in shape. Similarity in meaning, for example, -ing, 马甲，灌水， meanins temporary meaning ha someting to do with English. ing is a kind o

44、f tense meaning sometiong is happening now. As Chinese Netspeak, the meaning is the same. So if a person says “吃饭ing”, he means “我在吃饭”. Another instance is “马甲” which related to ID, taking advantages of the similarity between meaning in Internet and meaning in realitys culture. Subjective initialtiv

45、e use familiar things or experience in reality to describe virtual phenomenon in Internet. This cognition experienced from simple concept to the difficult one., from the reflection between things to that of things features, than it goes to the reflection between the relation of things with peoples i

46、nference, to more abstract reflection of psychology and cultural expression. It is the similarity that link Chinese Netspeak with that of English.Similarity in phonetics are widely accepted by Chinese netizens. In English, there are large numbers of onomatopoeias. They create words because there are

47、 resemblances between things and sound. For instance, clang, croak, sizzle, mew. According to this property, Chinese netizens create new words. 达令 for daring; 极客for geek; 粉丝 for fans.Similarity in structure can be classfied into two groups: abbreviation and initialism. There are a great number of examples. In English, “PS” refers to “photograph”, “PM” for personal messag